Volume-5 ~ Issue-3

Abstract: The Spectrophotometric determination of the acid dissociation/ionisation constant (pKa) of plasma albumin-formaldehyde adduct in both water solution and Ethanol solutions was carried out in this study. The pKa values obtained in both media were used to establish the Bronsted-linear type constants from plots of pKa against logarithm of second order rate constants obtained at varying pHs in the study. The result of the pKa values obtained in both water solution and ethanol-water mixtures were found to be in the range of 5.0 - 8.0. This pointed to the fact that only lysine residue with pKa value 8.3 that might have possibly reacted with formaldehyde in this reaction of all the known amino acid residues in plasma albumin. The corresponding Brønsted-type plots proportionality constants (β) for the reaction in water and ethanol-water mixtures were found to be β = 0.059 and 0.0057 respectively. The reaction mechanisms that have low values for proportionality constants α or β are considered to have a transition state closely resembling the reactant with little proton transfer (Cox et al, 1988). Thus, one would suggest that the cross-linking of formaldehyde with plasma albumin in water and ethanol-water mixtures proceeds through little proton transfer

Keywords: Spectrophotometric determination, pKa, Bronsted-type plot, ethanol-water mixtures, water solution

[1]. Cox, B.G ; Kresge, A.J and Sorensen, P.E . The significance of bronsted plots and deviations from them in the acid- and base – catalysed décomposition of some Benzaldehyde ethyl hemiacetals and hydrates. Acta Chemica Scandinavica A42, 1988, 202-213.
[2]. Mihai, C; Kravchuk , A. V ; Tsai, M and Bruzik, K.S. Application of Brønsted-Type LFER in the Study of the Phospholipase C Mechanism. J. American Chem. Soc. 125, 2003, 3236-3242
[3]. Shin, Young-Hee; Kim, Eun-Hee; and Um Ik-Hwan( 2008) Reaction Mechanism and Structure of Transition State Determined from Analysis of Brønsted βnuc for Aminolysis of 4-Nitrophenyl Diphenylphosphinate.. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc, Vol. 29(12) , 2008 P 2509.
[4]. Berg J . M, Tymoczko J. L, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th edition. New York.W.H Freeman Company. 2002.. http: // www WhFreeman.com
[5]. Bedino, J.H. EmbalmingChemistry:Glutaraldehyde versus Formaldehyde: The Champion Company No.609. 2003.
[6]. Tong, G . Characterization of Cysteine-34 in Serum Albumin. Dissertation
[7]. Presented in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University., 2003
[8]. Polgar, L. Mercaptide-imidazolium ion-pair: the reactive nucleophile in papain catalysis. FEBS Letters 47, 1974 15-18.

Abstract: A study of the proximate composition of the seed of Mango, Mangifera indica was conducted. The proximate composition of the seed is Ash 2.82%, Moisture 19.80%, Ether extract 25.57%, Crude protein 6.58%, Crude Fibre 4.69% and Carbohydrate 40.50%. The result of the proximate composition led to the extraction and characterization of the physiochemical properties of vegetable oil obtainable from the seed. Solvent extraction yielded oil with physiochemical results: Melting point (20 oC), Refractive index ( 1.449), Peroxide value (1.20), Acid value (16.68mg), Iodine value(5.58), Saponification value (71.52). The results reveals that the oil extracted can be useful economically.

Keywords: Mango, proximate, oil, extraction, physiochemical,

[1] Oyeleke G.O & Olagunju E.O.(2011). Studies on Cucurbita maxima and Telfairia occidentalis(Seeds and Seed oils) as Potential Raw materials in Food and Allied Industries. .JNSTA,1(1):43-56.
[2] Barreto JC, Trevisan MT, Hull WE (2008). Characterization and quantitation of Polyphenolic compounds in bark, kernel, leaves, and peel of mango (Mangifera indica L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 56(14):5599-5610.
[3] Singh SK, Sharma HC, Singh SP. In vitro polyembryony in monoembryonic mango cultivars (Mangifera indica L.). In: Kapoor AC, editor. Sustainability of Hill Agriculture: Emerging Trends and Possible Solutions; 2002. p. 295–9.
[4] Rodeiro I, Cancino L, González JE, Morffi J, Garrido G, González RM, Nuñez A, Delgado R (2006). Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang), a new natural product with antioxidant activity. Food Chem. Toxicol. 44(10): 1707-1713.
[5] Jiokap-Nono Y, Nuadje GB, Raoult-Wack AL, Giroux F (2001).Déshydratation-Imprégnation par immersion de rondelles de mangue(Mangifera indica) : influence de la température et de la concentration de la solution sur les cinétiques de certains éléments constitutifs du fruit. Fruits 56 : 169 – 177.
[6] Sibetcheu D, Nankap M, Kollo B (1999). La carence en vitamine A au Cameroun: épidémiologie, traitement et prévention. Bull. liais. Doc. OCEAC 32 (4): 17-22.
[7] Doreyappa ING, Ramanjaneya KH (1995). Evaluation of some mangovarieties for their suitability for canned mango juice. J. Food Sci. Technol. 32: 323 – 325.
[8] Mercadante AZ, Rodriguez–Amaya DB (1998). Effects of ripening, cultivar differences, and processing on the carotenoïd composition of Mango. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46: 128 – 130.
[9] Ajila CM, Prasada Rao UJ ( 2008). Protection against hydrogen peroxide induced Oxidative damage in rat erythrocytes by Mangifera indica L. peel extract. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46(1): 303-309.
[10] Iagher F, Reicher F, Ganter JL (2002). Structural and rheological properties of polysaccharides from mango (Mangifera indica L.) pulp".Int. J. Biol Macromol. 31(1-3): 9-17.

Abstract:The study was conducted to find out the content of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) in some selected vegetables grown in and around Nashik city, Maharashtra state (India). Vegetable samples from four different sites were collected and digested by using tri-acid digestion method. Concentrations of heavy metals were analyzed by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of this study showed that there was wide variation in the concentration of these metals in vegetables collected from different sites. Vegetables grown in the vicinity of an industrial area were most contaminated while vegetables grown in rural area were least contaminated. Analytical results indicated that the concentration of lead in 35% vegetable samples collected from industrial area were more than maximum permitted limit. The high concentration of cadmium was found in onion and coriander, while lead content was recorded high in spinach and cauliflower. Arsenic concentration in 25% samples collected from industrial area was more than maximum permitted limit. Copper concentration in most of the vegetable sample was within permissible limit; only two out of forty samples have high concentration of copper. The results of the study showed that consumers are at greater risk of purchasing these fresh vegetables with high levels of heavy metals beyond permissible limits as defined by the Indian Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954.

Keywords: Heavy Metals, Vegetables, Contamination, Nashik

[1] Seilsepour M., and Bigdeli M. Department of Soil and Water Research, 2008. Investigation of metal accumulation in some vegetables irrigated with waste water in Shahre Rey-Iran and toxicological implications, Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci.,4 (1): 86-92

[2] Kumar J.I., Soni H., Kumar R.N., Characterization of heavy metals from market vegetables using Inductive Coupled Plasma Analyzer (ICPA). International Journal of Biosciences Reporter. 5 (1): 71-76

[3] Abdulla M, Chmielnicka J. 1990. New Aspects on the Distribution and Metabolism of Essential Trace Elements after Dietary Exposure to Toxic Metals. Biological. Trace Element Res., 23: 25-53.

[4] Arora, M., Kiran, B., Rani, S., Rani, A., Kaur B. and Mittal, N. (2008) Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables irrigated with water from different sources. Food Chemistry, 111, 811-815. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.04.049
[5] Perveen S., Ihsanullah I., Study on Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Vegetables Receiving Sewage Water J. Chem. Soc. Pak., Vol. 33, No. 2, 2011 page 220-227
[6] Ramesh H.L. and Yogananda Moorthy V. N. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Green Leafy Vegetables Grown in Bangalore Urban District of Karnataka. Advances in Life Science and Technology Vol. 6, 2012
[7] Mahdavian S.E., Somashekar R.K. Heavy metals and safety of fresh fruits in Bangalore, city, India-A case study. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology VOL. I, No. V, September 2008, pp 17-27.
[8] Omar. A. and Al-Khashman (2004) Heavy metal distribution in dust, street dust and soils from the work place in Karak Industrial Estate, Jordan, Atmospheric Environment, Vol.38, (2004) pp. 6803–6812.
[9] Boularbah A., Schwartz C., Bitton G., Aboudrar W., Ouhammou A. and Morel (2006) "Heavy metal contamination from mining sites in South Morocco: 2. Assessment of metal accumulation and toxicity in plants", Chemosphere, Vol. 63, Issue 5, May 2006, pp. 811–817.
[10] Radojevic M, and Bashkin N.V. 1999. Practical Environmental Analysis. Royal Society of Chemistry and Thomas Graham House, Cambridge, pp. 180 – 430.

Abstract:Terrenes are the abundant group of natural compounds that can be transformed into products of higher commercial value by organic reaction under the influence of suitable catalyst. Isolongifoline ketone was synthesized by Isolongifoline with the application of ion exchange catalyst viz. Tulsion T-421, Tulsion T-521, Indion 225, Indion 770.It is evident that Tulsion T-421 & T-521 shows higher yield of Isolongifoline ketone due to its characteristics. Characterization of resin was done by determine the elemental analysis, ion exchange capacity, FTIR analysis, TGA and SEM analysis. The significance of the ion exchange resin is revealed by the conversion of Isolongifoline to Isolongifoline ketone.Thermax T-421was finding to possess the higher selectivity for isolongifoline ketone and high thermal stability.

Key words: Ion exchange Resin, Catalyst, Isolongifoline, Isolongifoline ketenes.

[1] Baiker A.;" Heterogeneous catalysis, From Fundamentals to Reactions Engineering Chimmia, 50, 1996, .65-73.

[2] Rehfinger, A. and U.Hoffmann. Kinetics of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Liquid-phase Synthesis Catalyzed by Ion-Exchange Resin Macropor diffusion of Methanol as Rate Controlling Step.Eng.Sci. 45, 1990, 1619-1626.

[3] Iimura, S., K. Manabe and S. Kobayashi, Hydrophobic, low-loading and alkylated Polystyrene-supported sulfonic acid for Several organic reactions in water: remarkable Effects of both the polymer structures and loading levels of sulphuric Acids. Org. Chem., 1, 2003, 2416-2418.

[4] Boz, N., T. Dogu, K. Murtezaoglu and G. Dogu, Effect of hydrogen ion-exchange Capacity on activity of resin catalysts in tert-amyl-Ethyl-ether synthesis. Appl. Catal. A-Gen., 268, 2004, 175-182.

[5] Sharma, M. M. Some novel aspects of cationic ion-exchange resins as catalysts. React. Funct. Polym. 26, 1995, 3-23.

[6] Hart, M., G. Fuller, D. R. Brown, C. Park, M. A. Keane, J. A. Dale, C. M. Fougret and R. W. Cockman. Acidities and catalytic activities of persulfonated poly (styrene- codivinylbenzene) Ion-exchange resins.Catal. Lett. 72, 2001, 135-139.

[7] Sanz, M. T., R. Murga, S. Beltran, J. L. Sanz, M. T., R. Murga, S. Beltran, J. L. Cabezas and J. Coca. Auto catalyzed and Ion exchange-resin-catalyzed esterification Kinetics of lactic acid with methanol. Ind Eng. Chem. Res., 41, 2002, 512-517.

[8] Yadav, G. D. and R. D. Bhagat. Experimental and theoretical analysis of Friedel-Crafts Acylation of thioanisole to 4-(methylthio) Acetophenone using solid acids. J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 235, 2005, 98-107.

[9] Chakrabarti, A. and Sharma, M.M. Cationic exchange resins as Catalysis Reactive Polymers 20 (1-2), 1993, 1-45.
[10] Christoph Buttersack "Accessibility and catalytic activity of sulfonic acid ion-exchange Resins solvents"*1 Research Institute of the Sugar Industry, Technical University, 3300 Braunschweig in different, F.R.G., Available online 17 April, 2003.

Abstract:The study of biomineralization offers valuable and incredible insights into the scope and nature of material chemistry at the inorganic and organic surfaces. Biological systems (architecture) are replete with examples of organic supramolecular assemblies (double and triplet helices, multisubunit proteins, membrane-bound reaction centres, vesicle, tubules e. t. c.), some of which (collagen, cellulose and chitin) extend to microscopic dimensions in the form of hierarchical structure, There are ample opportunities of lessons from the biological (on growth and functional adaptation), and physical (properties and compositions) world. This review explores the field of biomimetic material chemistry as it relates to fibres with respect to their historical perspective, the use of the products of biomimetic material, the progressive efforts and a general overview. Conclusively, biomimetic materials research is indeed a rapidly growing and enormously promising field that needs to be explored.

Key words: Biomineralization, helices, material chemistry, nature, supramolecular.

[1] Fratzl P 2007 Biomimetic materials research: what can we really learn from nature's structural materials? J. Royal Soc Interface 4 637-642 [2] Leslie E and Tushar K G J. R. Soc. Interface 2011 Biomimicry in textiles: past, present and potential. An overview, 8 761-775

[3] Eggermont M 2007 Biomimetics as problem-solving, creativity and innovation tool, CDEN/C 2E2. Winnipeg,Canada: University of Manitoba

[4] Burgert I, Fruhmann K, Keckes J Fratzl P and Stanzl-Tschegg S 2004 Structure–function relationships of four compression wood types: micromechanical properties at the tissue and fibre level Trees 18 480–485

[5] Erik D and Stephen M 2002 Bio-inspired materials chemistry Adv. Mater. 14 1-14.

[6] Hengstenberg, A, Bloch A, Dietzel D and Schuhmann W 2001 Constant-Distance‖-Mode Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) as a Tool for the Detection of Secretion from Cells Angew. Chem Int. Ed. 40 905

[7] Tromas C, Rojo J, de la Fuente J M, Barrientos A G, Garcia R and Penades, S 2001 Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Nanoparticles: Building Blocks for Nanotechnology 40 3052.

[8] Wu S Y, Dornan J, Kontopidis G, Taylor P and Walkinshaw M D Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001 The First Direct Determination of a Ligand Binding Constant in Protein Crystals 40 582.

[9] Ueda M Sako Y, Tanaka T, Devreotes P and Yanagida T 2001 Functional Analysis of Spontaneous Cell Movement under Different Physiological Conditions Science 293 864.

[10] Dupont-Gillain C C and Rouxhet P G 2001 Modulable nanometer-scale surface architecture using spin-coating on an adsorbed collagen layer. Nano. Lett. 1 245.

Abstract:Primary coloured inks i.e. Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black used in inkjet printers were extracted from the printed document and analyzed in order to identify the possible functional groups using Infrared (IR) spectroscopic technique. Experiments were conducted on the all four primary inks and the results are presented. The technique can provide valuable information if an admitted sample is provided for comparison with the suspect printed document.

Keywords: Functional Group, Inkjet Printing, Infrared Spectroscopy, Printer, Printed Document.

[1]. C.W.M. Yuen, S.K.A. Ku, P.S.R. Choi, C.W. Kan and S.Y. Tsang, Determining functional groups of commercially available inkjet printing reactive dyes using infrared spectroscopy. RJTA.9 (2), 2005.

[2]. Huang, C., Analysis and study of the construction of functional polyester fiber, Journal of Textile Research, 25(1), 2004, 30-32.

[3]. Kan C.W., Chan, K. and Yuen C.W.M., Application of low temperature plasma on wool - Part III: Surface Chemical and structural composition, The Nucleus, 37(3-4), 2000, 145-159.

[4]. J.B. Lambert, H.E.Shurvell, D.A. Lightner and R.G. Cooks, Organic Structural Spectroscopy, (N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1998).
[5]. D.Djozan, T.Baheri, G.Karimian, M. Shahidi, Forensic discrimination of blue ballpoint pen inks based on thin layer chromatography and image analysis, Forensic Science International, 179, 2008, 199–205.
[6]. S.N. Rasool, K.M.Varshney and P Sudhakar. Forensic Examination of ink in inkjet printer cartridges by FT-IR-Micrscopy. The Forensic Scientist OnLine Journal. 7(1-7), 2004.

[7]. P Doherty. Classification of Inkjet Printers and Inks. Journal of the American Society of Questioned Document Examiner. 1(2), 1998, 88-106.

[8]. J. Zimerman, D. Mooney and M.J.Kimmett. Preliminary Examination of Machine Copier Toners by Infrared Spectrophotometry and Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography, Journal of Forensic Science, JFSCA, 31(2), 1986, 489-493.

[9]. R. Chowdry, S.K. Gupta and H.L. Bami. Ink differentiation with IR techniques. Journal of Forensic Science, 18(4), 1973, 418.

[10]. R.A. Merill and E.G. Batrick, Analysis of ball point pen inks by diffuse reflectance infra red spectrometry. Journal of Forensic Science. 37(1-3), 1992, 528-541.

Abstract: In this study, Some Monoazo disperse dyes namely, 4-arylazoaminophenols (AAPs) were synthesized via diazotization and coupling reactions and later, polycondensation of these dyes with formaldehyde in the presence of aqueous oxalic acid was carried out. The resulting polymeric dyes namely, (4-arylazoaminophenol-formaldehyde)s (PAAP-F)s as well as their low-molecular weight precursors were characterized by yield, melting point, color, solubility, viscosimetry, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and Infra red spectroscopy. Their dyeing performance on nylon and polyester were assessed using standard methods. The products were obtained in good yield and had low melting points The dyes were found to be soluble in chloroform and acetone, some were found to dissolve in ethanol and methanol, and generally insoluble in water. The dyeing on nylon and polyester had yellow shades with moderate to good light and wash fastness. Their rubbing fastnesses on nylon and polyester were very good. Polymerizations of the monomeric dyes on dyed nylon and polyester have also been carried out. The dyeing properties of the monomeric and polymeric dyes were compared with the dyes polymerized in situ on nylon and polyester and the fastness properties were found to increase on polymerization and even better with the dyes polymerized inside the fibers.

Key words: Color fastness, Disperse dye, Nylon, Polymeric dye, Polyester.

[1] J. D. Coyle, R. R. Hill and D. R. Roberts. Light Chemical Change and Life: a source book in Photochemistry. (Open University press, Walton Hall 1982).

[2] H. Zollinger, Colour Chemistry 2nd Ed. ( Weinheim VCH 1991).

[3] L. M. Robert and D. Ashley An introduction to polymeric colorants, PFFC peer-reviewed paper Milliken Chemical 2003 pp7.

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[6] G. Gauglitz and T. Vo-Dinh Hand book of spectroscopy (Wiley-VCH 2003). [7] S. Ahmad Chain Transfer Agents: Characterization and their use in polymerization Reactions. King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, PhD, 2003.

[8] B. Adamu Catalytic Chain Transfer Polymerization of Methacrylate and Styrene. King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, M. Sc., 1999

[9] P. O. Nkeonye Introductory Textiles. (S. Asekome & Co. Publishers Samaru, Zaria, 1993). [10] N. P. Cheremisinoff Polymer Characterization: Laboratory Techniques and Analysis. (Noyes publications New Jersey, 1996) .

Abstract: Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, a new challenge for thermal sciences providedby nanotechnology. Nanofluids have unique features different from conventional solid-liquid mixtures inwhich mm or μm sized particles of metals and non-metals are dispersed.At this research adding of small weight percent of Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) for weight percent of (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4wt.%) to pure water as energy storage in different industrial applications ,which gave us different behavior, adding 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4wt,% gave low temperature gradient than the pure water, while 0.3 wt.% gave greater temperature gradient than pure water which is desired.

Keywords: Nanomaterials, Nanofluids, Thermal Energy, Energy Storage

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[3] T.P.Otanicar, P. E. Phelan, R.S Prasher,G.Rosengarten, & R. A.Taylor,(2010),Nanofluid –based direct absorption solar collector, Journal of renewable and sustainable energy,2.

[4] Gupta H.K, Agrawal G.D, Mathur J.(2012),An overview of Nanofluids: A new media towards green environment, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Volume 3, No 1, 2012.

[5] Yang Y, Zhang Z G, Grulke E A, Anderson W B & Wu G., (2005),Heat transfer properties of nanoparticle-in-fluid dispersions (nanofluids) in laminar flow, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 48(6), pp1107–1116.

[6] Zenghu Han,(2008),Nanofluids with Enhanced Thermal TransportProperties, Thesis.

[7] A. K. Singh,(2008), Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids, Defence Science Journal, Vol. 58, No. 5, September 2008, pp. 600-607.

[8] I.C. Nelson, D. Banerjee, R. Ponnappan, Flow loop experiments usingpolyalphaolefin, J. Thermophys. Heat Transfer 23 (2009) 752–761.

[9] D. Shin, D. Banerjee, Enhanced specific heat of silica nanofluid, ASME J. HeatTransfer 133 (2011) 024501–024504, doi:10.1115/1.4002600.

[10] Donghyun Shin (2011), Enhanced Specific Heat of Silica Nanofluid, Journal of Heat Transfe ,FEBRUARY 2011, Vol. 133 / 024501-1.

Abstract: The redox behaviour of Copper(II)-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine(pmdt) system has been studied in aqueous 0.2M NaClO4.6H2O supporting electrolyte at glassy carbon electrode(GCE) at various pH and pmdt concentration values by means of cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammetric parameters are calculated. The first couple Cu2+/+ showed a diffusion controlled, quasi-reversible, one electron charge transfer at GCE. The intensities of both cathodic and anodic peak current are increased with increasing scan rate consistent with Randles-Sevcik equation. The cyclic voltammograms indicated the presence of more than one complex specie in solution followed by complicated anodic response except for 1:100 Cu(II)-pmdt system at pH11.04. A linear behaviour of peak current versus square root of scan rate indicated that the electrochemical processes are diffusion controlled for 1:100 Cu(II)-pmdt at pH 7.10. Keywords: Cyclic Voltammetry, Copper (II) Complex, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, aqueous medium, quasi-reversible, diffusion-controlled.

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Abstract: This research presents the development of a methodology for analysing volatile organic compounds in selected zones of Asa River, Kwara State. The liquid-liquid extraction procedure of two organic solvent (Hexane : Dichloromethane) (1:1 v/v) was employed to remove volatile organic compounds from river and sediment samples, for further identification and quantification showed very good recovery and repeatability. The mean recovery percentage range was between 96.7±1.5 - 104.0±1.0 for river samples while 97.3±2.2 - 104.0±1.0 for sediment samples at a fortification level of 0.01 μg/l. In addition, volatile organic compounds were determined by Gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. The limit of quantification was 0.05 μg/l which was below the maximum level allowed by the European council directives for volatile organic compounds (0.5 μg/l).

Keywords: Asa River, Volatile organic compounds, sediment, recovery

[1] A.H. Goldstein, I.E. Galbally, Known and unexplored organic constituents in the Earth's atmosphere, Environmental Science and Technology. 41(5), 2007, 1514

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[8] A.S. Adekunle and Eniola I.T.K, New York Science Journals 1(1), 2008, 17-21

[9] O.A.A. Eletta, F.A. Adekola, Studies of the physical and chemical properties of Asa River, Kwara State, Nigeria, Science Focus 10(1), 2005, 72-76

[10] H.I. Jimoh, L.I. Alao, Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences 6(1), 2009, 19-25.

Abstract: New chelating ion exchange resin containing hydroximate of 5 amino salicylic acid was synthesized by incorporating it in divinylbenzene styrene (DVBS) copolymer. Hydrophilic polysaccharidematrix ofguaran was also used to incorporate hydroximate of 5 amino salicylic acid in it. The resin characteristics were studied by determining its bulk density, specific bulk volume, moisture content, degree of substitution and ion exchange capacity. The resin was characterized by means of IR spectra, Nitrogen content and pH titration. The distribution coefficient values of different metal ions namely Fe(II), Cu(II) , Zn(II) , Cd(II) , Co(II) , Ni(II), Ca(II), U(VI), Cr(VI) & W(VI) was carried out on these resins as a function of pH . Metal analysis was done by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The hydroximate derivative of guaran is found to be more selective than that of diving benzene co-polymer.

Key Words: Adsorption. Coefficient, DVB Styrene, Distribution, Guar gum,

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Abstract: Surfactants finds application in almost every industry of which the detergents, paints, dye-stuffs cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, plastics, food, agriculture, asphalt, fuel etc are worth mentioning. Moreover surfactants play a vital role in the oil industry. An important and interesting aspect of the chemistry of surfactants which has not been systematically investigated hitherto, in the utilization of so prepared surfactants as emulsifiers with special reference to the study of interfacial tension, surface tension, viscosity, particle size and conductance and their use in the field of enhanced oil recovery .Oil\Water emulsions have been prepared by taking two immiscible liquids as internal and external phases using surface active agents. The present paper deals with the studies on the synthesis of surfactants. Three surfactants viz- RL-1, RL-2 and RL-3 have been synthesized by using cetyl palmate, acyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, cetyl behenate, cetyl stearate, benzene and benzoyl peroxide. From the analysis it is found that above prepared surfactants are ester copolymers

Keywords:. Surfactants; emulsifiers;interfacial tension;surface tension; viscosity.

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Abstract: The Chitosan derivative named Carboxymethyl Chitosan was synthesized by direct Alkylation method. The Chitosan was obtained by Chemical method from White Prawn/Indian Prawn (FenneropenaeusIndicus) and was used for preparation of Carboxymethyl Chitosan. The Chitosan composition was found 51.17%Carbon, 41.61% Oxygen and 5.22% Nitrogen with 81.3% degree of deacetylation. The prepared Carboxymethyl Chitosan was characterized by SEM, FT-IR and TGA. The Carboxymethyl Chitosan examined as flocculant for turbidity removal of Indusriver water samples. The experimental condition was optimized and found that the maximum separation efficiency was achievedat pH-7 and 0.2 mg/L dose. The separation efficiency range placed between 81.2% and 87.1%. The total suspended solids and turbidity relation was also evaluated.

Keywords – Carboxymethyl, Characterization, Chitosan, Prawn, River Indus

[1] Abdul Karim Shah, Zeenat M. Ali, Abdul RehmanMemon, A. JabbarLaghari, Moina Akhtar Mughal, Syed Farman Ali Shah, Hussain Saleem, (2013), "Exploitation of Low Cost Coal Fly Ash Adsorbent with Coagulants for the Treatment of Industrial Complex Nature Dyes Wastewater", IJSER Vol. 4, Issue 9, pp.109-119.
[2] Khanafari, A., Marandi, R. E. Z. A., &Sanatei, S., (2008), "Recovery of chitin and chitosan from shrimp waste by chemical and microbial methods", Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue No.1, pp.19-24.
[3] Liang Chen, Donghuichan and Chongliangwu, (2003), Journal of Polymer and Environment, Vol.11, No.3, pp.87-92.
[4] Moina Akhtar Mughal, Akhtar H. Mughal, Zeenat M. Ali, Mohammad Yar Khuhawar, Hussain Saleem, (2013), "Antimicrobial Viscometric Studies of Thermally Stable Metal based Schiff Base Polymer derived from 4, 4-Methylene Bis Furfuraldehyde", IJOART Vol. 2, Issue 8, pp.6-13.
[5] Moina Akhtar Mughal, Akhtar Mughal, Zeenat M. Ali, GhulamZuhraMemon, Mohammad Yar Khuhawar, Hussain Saleem, (2013), "New Antimicrobial Schiff base Polymers derived from 6, 6-Methylenebis (1-Napthaldehyde)", IJSER Vol. 4, Issue 9, pp.120-128.
[6] Mourya V. K., Inamdar N. N., Tiwari A., (2010), "Carboxymethyl Chitosan and its Applications", Review Article, Adv. Materials Letters, Vol.1, Issue 1, pp.11-33.
[7] Zeenat M. Ali, Moina Akhtar Mughal, A. JabbarLaghari, A. K. Ansari, Hussain Saleem, (2013), "Polymeric Cellulose Derivative: Carboxymethyl-Cellulose as useful Organic Flocculant against Industrial Waste Waters", IJOART Vol. 2, Issue 8, pp.14-20.

Abstract: In the present work water samples are collected from six different Ghats of Ganga river in Kanpur city from March 2010 to February 2011 on monthly basis and water quality assessment is carried out. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) value is determined using correlation matrix to identify the highly correlated and interrelated water quality parameters. To test the significance of the pair of parameters p-value is carried out and in order to test the joint effects of several independent variables, without frequent or repeated monitoring of water quality in a location. Higher concentration of Chromium (6.7 mg/l) at Siddhnath ghat in June, and its monthly variation showed highly adverse effect on river Ganga due to tanneries effluent. It is found that significant positive correlation holds for Temp vs BOD GH1 (r= 0.99, p<0.01), EC vs chloride GH6 (r=0.877, p<0.01), EC vs TDS GH6 (r=0.836, p<0.01); and TA vs DO GH1(r=0.842, p<0.01), pH vs Mg GH6 (r=-0.79, p<0.01), EC vs Nitrate GH6 (r=0.846, p<0.01). A significant negative correlation was found for DO vs BOD GH3 (r=-0.943, p<0.01), DO vs TDS GH6 (r=-0.838, p<0.01), and TA vs TDS GH6 (r=-0.88, p<0.01). Chromium is found that non significant correlation. The mean values of all the measured physico-chemical parameters of Ganga river water are within the highest desirable limit set by WHO except BOD.

Keywords: BIS, Pearson correlation, p-value, Water quality, WHO,

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