Version-2 (March-April 2014)
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Heavy and Trace Elements in Some Brands of Rice Consumed in Delta State, Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | K. Emumejaye |
 |
: | 10.9790/4861-06220105  |
ABSTRACT: Determination of trace elements and heavy metals, copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni),beryllium ( Be), cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr),mercury(Hg) and Lead (Pb) concentration in rice samples purchased from the major markets in Delta State were carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The metals detected in rice samples ranged from 0.05 to 14.87mg/kg of Zn, 0.08 to 15.33mg/kg of Fe, <1.00 to 22.73mg/kg of Pb, <0.05 to 2.82mg/kg of Cu, and <0.05 to 2.37mg/kg of Ni. For mercury the values were 0.001 for all samples. It was not < 0.05mg/Kg for Cd, Cr, Be and Hg. Overall, the present study revealed that the levels of the trace elements were generally below permissible limits. However, Pb and Fe were found to be of high concentrations in some samples. These levels compare well with those reported for rice from some other parts of the globe.
Keywords: Chemical properties, heavy elements, macronutrients, micronutrients, trace elements.
Keywords: Chemical properties, heavy elements, macronutrients, micronutrients, trace elements.
[1]. Dickson, H. Food Safety Series – Determination of trace element in rice products by flame and graphite furnance atomic absorption spectrometry, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cambridge,UK.2009
[2]. Peoples Republic of China, FAIRS Product Specific Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Food, 2006
[3]. Somer,E & Garrison, R.G (1995). The nutrition desk reference ( 3rd Edition, Kents Publishing Inc., New Cannan, Connecticut, USA,1995 pp182-229).
[4]. Mejare M, Bulow L. Metal-binding proteins and peptides in bioremediation and phytoremediation of heavy metals. Trends Biotechnol. 2001;19(2):67– 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(00)01534-1
[5]. Okoye, C.O.B, Ugwu J.N. Impact of environmental cadmium, lead, copper and zinc on quality of goat meat in Nigeria. Ethiopia Bull Chem Soc. 2010;24(1):133–138.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effect of Mn2+ Doping On Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Zns Nanoparticles by Chemical Co-Precipitation Method |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | L. Sujata Devi, K. Nomita Devi, B. Indrajit Sharma, H. Nandakumar Sarma |
|
: | 10.9790/4861-06220614 |
ABSTRACT: Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) nanoparticles doped with different concentrations of Mn2+ (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) have been synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a capping agent to control the particle growth. The structural characterizations of as synthesized nanoparticles are determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which showed cubic zinc blende structures with average crystallite sizes of the range 2.3 nm - 2.1 nm. There is no phase transformation due to Mn2+ doping and this characteristic has been observed in all the synthesized powder. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis show the morphology and elemental analysis of as synthesized nanoparticles.TEM images confirms the spherical shape of the nanoparticles. HRTEM and SAED images show the crystalline nature and confirm the cubic nature of ZnS nanoparticles. Absorption study has been carried out by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the band gap of ZnS:Mn nanoparticles and they showed a blue shift with respect to the bulk. The effect of Mn2+ substitution on the photoluminescence properties of doped samples is also studied and doped ZnS:Mn showed enhanced luminescence property compared with that of the undoped ZnS nanoparticles. Radius of the synthesized nanoparticles has been evaluated from the absorption spectrum by using the Effective Mass Approximation (EMA) formula. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) is recorded in an FTIR spectrometer to verify the presence and effect of capping agent.
Keywords: XRD, PVA, chemical co-precipitation, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, photoluminescence, FTIR.
Keywords: XRD, PVA, chemical co-precipitation, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, photoluminescence, FTIR.
[1]. Weller, H; Angew, Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1993, 32,41
[2]. Alvisatos, A.P., Sciences, 1996, 271, 933
[3]. Nirmal, M; Brus, L, Acc. Chem. Res, 1999, 32, 407
[4]. Murray, C.B.; Norris, D.J.; Bewendi, M.G., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 8706
[5]. Peng, X, Chem, Eur. J., 2002, 8, 338.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The electronic band parameters calculated by the Tight Binding Approximation for Cd1-xZnxS quantum dot superlattices |
| Country | : | Tunisia |
| Authors | : | S. Marzougui, N. Safta |
|
: | 10.9790/4861-06221521 |
ABSTRACT: This work reports on a theoretical study of superlattices based on Cd1-xZnxS quantum dots embedded in an insulating material. This system, assumed to a series of flattened cylindrical quantum dots with a finite barrier at the boundary, is studied using the tight binding approximation. The electronic states of 1 Γ miniband have been computed as a function of zinc composition for different inter-quantum dot separations. Calculations have been made for electrons, heavy holes and light holes. Three main features were revealed: (i) in the case of electrons, the Zn composition x = 0.4 is expected to be the most favorable to give rise a superlattice behavior for the Cd1-xZnxS quantum dots studied (ii) the strong localization character of heavy holes is evident in the Cd1-xZnxS nanostructures (iii) the Cd0.2Zn0.8S system is the more appropriate to exhibit a superlattice behavior for light holes especially when the superlattice period is low.
Keywords: Quantum dots, superlattices, Cd1-xZnxS, Tight Binding Approximation, non volatile memories.
Keywords: Quantum dots, superlattices, Cd1-xZnxS, Tight Binding Approximation, non volatile memories.
[1] B. Bhattacharjee, S. K. Mandal, K. Chakrabarti, D. Ganguli and S. Chaudhui, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 35 (2002) 2636-2642.
[2] K.K Nanda, S.N. Sarangi, S. Mohanty, S.N. Sahu, Thin Solid Films 322 (1998) 21-27.
[3] H. Yükselici, P. D. Persans and T. M. Hayes, Phys. Rev. B. 52 (1995) 11763.
[4] Y. Kayanuma, Phys. Rev. B 38 (1988) 9797
[5] L Zhou, Y Xing and Z P Wang, Eur. Phys. J. B. 85 (2012) 212.
[2] K.K Nanda, S.N. Sarangi, S. Mohanty, S.N. Sahu, Thin Solid Films 322 (1998) 21-27.
[3] H. Yükselici, P. D. Persans and T. M. Hayes, Phys. Rev. B. 52 (1995) 11763.
[4] Y. Kayanuma, Phys. Rev. B 38 (1988) 9797
[5] L Zhou, Y Xing and Z P Wang, Eur. Phys. J. B. 85 (2012) 212.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline (CdS) 0.6Te0.4 Thin Films Deposited by Closed Space Sublimation Technique |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | M. S. Kale, Y. R. Toda, D. S. Bhavsar |
|
: | 10.9790/4861-06222227 |
ABSTRACT: The ternary alloy of (CdS)0.6Te0.4 thin films were deposited onto rotating amorphous glass substrates by using closed space sublimation, at a base pressure of 10-5 torr. The crystalline, morphological, optical and transport properties of the deposited films were studied by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer, Four Probe method and Thermo Electric Power (TEP) measurement. The XRD exhibits the deposited thin film has polycrystalline nature having monoclinic phase. The dislocation density (δ), strain (ε) and the number of crystallites per unit area (N) have been found to be 2.047 x 1014 lines / cm2, 0.9926 and 9.264 x 1017 respectively. The SEM reveals the homogeneity of the deposited samples. Optical study performed to estimate optical band gap using absorbance spectra and found to be in the range of 1.6 – 2.1 eV. The four probe method estimates the Electrical Resistivity = 0.2045 Ω-cm and Activation Energy = 0.01822 eV. The Fermi energy = 0.2628 eV and Scattering Coefficient = 2.3188 evaluated by using TEP.
Keywords: Closed Space Sublimation, XRD, SEM, UV-VIS-NIR, TEP.
Keywords: Closed Space Sublimation, XRD, SEM, UV-VIS-NIR, TEP.
[1] S. Prabahar, M. Dhanam, CdS thin films from two different chemical baths - structural and optical analysis, Journal of Crystal Growth, 285(1-2), 2005, 41.
[2] G. Khrypunov, S. Bereznev, A. Meriuts, G. Kopach, N. Kovtun, N. Deyneko, Development Organic Back Contact for Thin-Film CdS/CdTe Solar Cell, Physics And Chemistry Of Solid State,11, 2010, 248
[3] Ornan D M, Dugan K M, Killian J L, Ceekala V, Ferekides C S and Morel D L , Reduction of recombination current in CdTe/CdS solar cells, Appl. Phys. Lett, 67, 1995, 1896
[4] Ozsan M E, Johnson D R, Lane D W, Rogers K D, 1994 Proc. l2th EC PVSC (Amsterdam) p 1600
[5] McCandless B E, Birkmire R W 1997 Proc. 26th IEEE PVSC (Anaheim) p 307.
[2] G. Khrypunov, S. Bereznev, A. Meriuts, G. Kopach, N. Kovtun, N. Deyneko, Development Organic Back Contact for Thin-Film CdS/CdTe Solar Cell, Physics And Chemistry Of Solid State,11, 2010, 248
[3] Ornan D M, Dugan K M, Killian J L, Ceekala V, Ferekides C S and Morel D L , Reduction of recombination current in CdTe/CdS solar cells, Appl. Phys. Lett, 67, 1995, 1896
[4] Ozsan M E, Johnson D R, Lane D W, Rogers K D, 1994 Proc. l2th EC PVSC (Amsterdam) p 1600
[5] McCandless B E, Birkmire R W 1997 Proc. 26th IEEE PVSC (Anaheim) p 307.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | An Existential Study on Structural, Optical and Electronic Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles and Nanorods |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Anju Singh, Dr. H. L. Vishwakarma |
|
: | 10.9790/4861-06222832 |
ABSTRACT: Research interest in ZnO nanostructure derives from their excellent luminescent properties and availability of low cost fabricating and processing, which hold promise for the development of electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, the synthesis routes for zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and nanorods, their structural, optical & electronic properties have been established. ZnO has many potential applications like sunscreens,biosensors,food additives,pigments,rubber manufacture optoelectronic, piezoelectric, spintronic devices, field effect transistors(FET)etc.ZnO nanoparticles and nanorods have been received more attention in new age material science. In this paper we discuss ZnO is useful for other semiconductor materials and their properties are different from others.
Key words: Nanorods, optical and Electronic properties, spintronics, nanostructure.
Key words: Nanorods, optical and Electronic properties, spintronics, nanostructure.
[1] T. Kogure, Y. Bando, J. Electron Microsc. 47,1993,7903.
[2] A. B. M. A. Ashrafi, A. Ueta, A. Avramescu, H. Kumano, I. Suemune, Y. W. Ok, T. Y. Seong, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76,2000,550.
[3] S. K. Kim, S. Y. Seong, C. R. Cho, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82,2003,562.
[4] C. H. Bates,W. B. White, R. Roy, Science 137,1962,993.
[5] O. Dulub, L. A. Boatner, U. Diebold, Surf. Sci. 519,2002, 201.12.
[2] A. B. M. A. Ashrafi, A. Ueta, A. Avramescu, H. Kumano, I. Suemune, Y. W. Ok, T. Y. Seong, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76,2000,550.
[3] S. K. Kim, S. Y. Seong, C. R. Cho, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82,2003,562.
[4] C. H. Bates,W. B. White, R. Roy, Science 137,1962,993.
[5] O. Dulub, L. A. Boatner, U. Diebold, Surf. Sci. 519,2002, 201.12.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Structural and capacitive characterizations of high temperature nitrogen annealed graphene oxide |
| Country | : | Egypt |
| Authors | : | A. N. Fouda, M. K. Abu-Assy, Nehad Yousf |
|
: | 10.9790/4861-06223337 |
ABSTRACT: The synthesized graphene oxide (GO) by modified hummer method was subsequently reduced by thermal annealing in nitrogen ambient at 950C. A perfect hexagonal GO structure was confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images. After thermal reduction, few layers of crystalline nitrogen annealed graphene oxide (NAGO) with dimension of hundred nano meters were obtained. The electrochemical properties of the graphene nano sheets as electrod material for supercapacitors were studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The area of the CV curve for the NAGO electrode is larger than those for the GO electrode indicating higher specific capacitance.
Keywords: Graphene oxide, nitrogen annealing, thermal reduction, cyclic voltammtery, supercapacitor.
Keywords: Graphene oxide, nitrogen annealing, thermal reduction, cyclic voltammtery, supercapacitor.
[1] Xiao Chen Dong, Peng Wang, Peng Chen, Carbon 49, 3672-3678 (2011).
[2] Hye Jin Park, Jannik Meyer, VieraSkakalova, Carbon48, 1088-1094 (2010).
[3] J.L. Qi, W.T. Zheng, H.W. Tian, Applied Surface Science 257, 6531–6534 (2011).
[4] K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, A.A. Firsov, Science 306, 666-669 (2004).
[5] H. C. Schniepp, J. L. Li, I.A. Aksay, J. Phys Chem. B 110, 8535 (2006).
[2] Hye Jin Park, Jannik Meyer, VieraSkakalova, Carbon48, 1088-1094 (2010).
[3] J.L. Qi, W.T. Zheng, H.W. Tian, Applied Surface Science 257, 6531–6534 (2011).
[4] K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, A.A. Firsov, Science 306, 666-669 (2004).
[5] H. C. Schniepp, J. L. Li, I.A. Aksay, J. Phys Chem. B 110, 8535 (2006).
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Need Graviton? ........ See the Moon. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | VedPrakash, Shravan Kumar Verma |
|
: | 10.9790/4861-06223843 |
ABSTRACT: To date, there is no way to explain the process that describes how particles how particles Graviton-Photon interacts and also any method to detect gravitational waves. According to the results of our article/research we can definitely say that there is an area what we have given the name "Effective Gravitational Field Area" (EGFA), created surrounding the moon (upto 111449.275 km from its surface) as a result of interaction of Sun-Earth & Earth-Moon system of Gravitational Potential, which offers Graviton-Photon interaction and also posses Graviton rich area (comparatively) where Gravitational waves could be detected. And also effects/cause the phenomenon of Auroras on Earth & van Allen radiation belt.
[1]. Pradeep fundamental Physics, Class XI (Tenth Edition 2006) by K.L. Gomber & K.L. Gogia ; Pradeep Publication , Jalandhar [INDIA]; Page No-6/8 to 6/13 , 6/29
[2]. Concept of Modern Physics (Sixth Edition) by Arthur Beiser, Shobhit mahajan, S Rai Chaudhary; Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited New Delhi; Page No-117, 196
Journal Papers:
[3]. KajariMazumdar, Intellectual threads weaving the Higgs Boson Discovery, Science Reporter A CRIR Publication Vol.49 No.11, November 2012 , ISSN 0036-8512, Page No-19 to 20.
[4]. Dr.Y.BalaMurali Krishna, Gravitational Wave Observatory Mega Science Project, Science Reporter A CSIR Publication Vol.49 No.11, November 2012 , ISSN 0036-8512, Page No-44 to 48
[2]. Concept of Modern Physics (Sixth Edition) by Arthur Beiser, Shobhit mahajan, S Rai Chaudhary; Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited New Delhi; Page No-117, 196
Journal Papers:
[3]. KajariMazumdar, Intellectual threads weaving the Higgs Boson Discovery, Science Reporter A CRIR Publication Vol.49 No.11, November 2012 , ISSN 0036-8512, Page No-19 to 20.
[4]. Dr.Y.BalaMurali Krishna, Gravitational Wave Observatory Mega Science Project, Science Reporter A CSIR Publication Vol.49 No.11, November 2012 , ISSN 0036-8512, Page No-44 to 48
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Assesment of Power Generation Resources in Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | O. Uchegbulam, R. N. Opeh, M. O. Atenaga |
|
: | 10.9790/4861-06224450 |
ABSTRACT: Electricity is the major secondary energy needed in these modern time, hence natural resources on the earth surface and in the subsurface can be harnessed and converted to electrical power.
Natural resources dispersed in different parts of the nation are assessed and appropriate generation and distribution methods examined and recommended.
[1]. Ackerman, S.A. and Knox, J.A.(2003). Meteorology; Understanding the Atmosphere. Brooks/Cole- Thomson Learning (2003), 430-435.
[2]. Afam - Gas Turbine Power Station in Afam, Nigeria (2010). Mbendi Information Services
[3]. Egbin - Thermal Power Station in Egbin, Nigeria (2010). Mbendi Information Services
[4]. Gupta, J. B. (2005). A course in Electrical Power . S.K. Kataria & Sons.
[5]. Publishers of Engineering and Computer Books.
[6]. Library of Congress Country Studies (1991). CIA World Factbook.
[2]. Afam - Gas Turbine Power Station in Afam, Nigeria (2010). Mbendi Information Services
[3]. Egbin - Thermal Power Station in Egbin, Nigeria (2010). Mbendi Information Services
[4]. Gupta, J. B. (2005). A course in Electrical Power . S.K. Kataria & Sons.
[5]. Publishers of Engineering and Computer Books.
[6]. Library of Congress Country Studies (1991). CIA World Factbook.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Investigating Water Hammer Problem in Piped Water Distribution System |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Joyanta Kumar Roy1&Pijush Basak |
|
: | 10.9790/4861-06225158 |
ABSTRACT: The water hammer in the form of disastrous surge pressure developed inside the piped water
distribution system causes major damage. The one dimensional propagation of water surge pressure in a series
of water pipes with varying diameter and angle has been studied theoretically. The numerical solution with
different pipe materials for the pressure surge has also being evaluated. The sensible pressure due to surge
varies significantly with pipe material and diameter but not much significantly with length and bending angle in
a distribution layout.
[1] M. S. Ghidaoui, M. Zaho, D. A. Mclnnisand D. H. Axworthy, A review of water hammer theory and practice, Transaction of the AMSE, 58,
2005, 49-75.
[2] A. K. Mitra and W. T. Rouleau, Radial and Axial variation in transient pressure waves transmitted through liquid transmission lines, AMSE J.
Fluids Engg., 107, 1985, 105-111.
[3] A. E. Verdy and K. L. Hwang, A Characteristic model of transient friction in pipes, J. Hydraul. Res., 29(5), 1991, 669-685.
[4] A. S. Tijsseling, Fluid structure interaction in liquid-filled pipe systems: A review, J. Fluid Struct., 10, 1995, 109-146.
[5] G. Pezzinga, Quasi-2D model for unsteady flow in pipe networks, J. Hydraul. Eng., 123(2), 1999, 108-115.
2005, 49-75.
[2] A. K. Mitra and W. T. Rouleau, Radial and Axial variation in transient pressure waves transmitted through liquid transmission lines, AMSE J.
Fluids Engg., 107, 1985, 105-111.
[3] A. E. Verdy and K. L. Hwang, A Characteristic model of transient friction in pipes, J. Hydraul. Res., 29(5), 1991, 669-685.
[4] A. S. Tijsseling, Fluid structure interaction in liquid-filled pipe systems: A review, J. Fluid Struct., 10, 1995, 109-146.
[5] G. Pezzinga, Quasi-2D model for unsteady flow in pipe networks, J. Hydraul. Eng., 123(2), 1999, 108-115.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Microwave Dielectric behaviour of ketones in solution state at a constant temperature |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | T.Ganesh, M.Maria Sylvester, S.Bhuvaneswari, P.Jeevanantham ,S.Kumar |
|
: | 10.9790/4861-06225963 |
ABSTRACT: The dielectric relaxation time () and dipole moment () studies of different molar concentration of acetone and ethylmethyl ketone have been measured at microwave frequency 9.88GHz and 7.42 GHz in dilute solution of carbon tetrachloride at constant temperature 303K. The dielectric constant () and dielectric loss factor () static dielectric constant (0) and dielectric constant at optical frequency () have been determined. The relaxation time (), dipole moment () and energy of activation F() parameter have been determined.
[1]. Gupta K K, Banshal A K, Singh P J & Sharma K S , Indian J Pure & Appl. Phys.,41 (2003) 57.
[2]. Nora E .Hill, Vaughan Worth E, Price A H and Davies Mansel, Dielectric properties and molecular behaviour (Van Nostrand
Reinhold company , London), 1969.
[3]. Kumar R, Rangra V.S, Z phys Chem., 219 (2005) 169.
[4]. Kumar R , Rangra V.S, Sharma D.R, Thakur N & Negi N.S , Z Naturforsch , 61a(2006) 197.
[5]. Thenappan T, Prabakar Devaraj A, J Mol Liq., 123(2006) 72.
[2]. Nora E .Hill, Vaughan Worth E, Price A H and Davies Mansel, Dielectric properties and molecular behaviour (Van Nostrand
Reinhold company , London), 1969.
[3]. Kumar R, Rangra V.S, Z phys Chem., 219 (2005) 169.
[4]. Kumar R , Rangra V.S, Sharma D.R, Thakur N & Negi N.S , Z Naturforsch , 61a(2006) 197.
[5]. Thenappan T, Prabakar Devaraj A, J Mol Liq., 123(2006) 72.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Microwave Dielectric Relaxation of Alcohols in non polar solutions |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | T.Ganesh, D.J.S. Anand Karunakaran, P.Udhayageetha, P.Jeevanandham, S.Kumar |
|
: | 10.9790/4861-06226468 |
ABSTRACT: The properties of the binary mixtures of 1-propanol and phenol have been studied at constant temperature 303K in dilute solutions of benzene using standard standing wave microwave X-band (9.4 GHz) J-band (7.4 GHz) technique. The values of different dielectric parameters ε0, ε', ε'', ε∞ have been determined for five different mole fractions of 1-propanol and phenol. The values of permittivity and dielectric loss are used to evaluate relaxation time for overall molecular rotation (τ1), relaxation time for intermolecular rotations (τ2), most probable relaxation time (τ0) and dipole moment (μ) at constant temperature 303K
[1]. Rana V.A.Vyas A D & More N M, Indian J Pure & Appl Phys, 40 (2002) 350.
[2]. Sato T & Buchner R,J Chem Phys, 118 (2003) 4606.
[3]. Rana V A, Vyas A D & Mehotra S C, J Mol Liq. 102 (2002) 379.
[4]. Mali C S, Chavan S D , Kanse K S, Kumbharkhane A C & Mehotra S C, Indian J Pure & Appl Phys, 4 (2007) 476.
[5]. Sharma V, Thakur N, Sharma D R, negi N S & Rangara V S, Indian J Pure & Appl Phys, 5 (2007) 163.
[6]. Madhurima V, Sobhanadri J & Murthy V R K, Indian J Pure Appl Phys, 42 (2004) 837.
[7]. Prajapati A N, Rana V A & Vyas A D, Indian J Pure & Appl Phys, 44 (2006) 620.
[2]. Sato T & Buchner R,J Chem Phys, 118 (2003) 4606.
[3]. Rana V A, Vyas A D & Mehotra S C, J Mol Liq. 102 (2002) 379.
[4]. Mali C S, Chavan S D , Kanse K S, Kumbharkhane A C & Mehotra S C, Indian J Pure & Appl Phys, 4 (2007) 476.
[5]. Sharma V, Thakur N, Sharma D R, negi N S & Rangara V S, Indian J Pure & Appl Phys, 5 (2007) 163.
[6]. Madhurima V, Sobhanadri J & Murthy V R K, Indian J Pure Appl Phys, 42 (2004) 837.
[7]. Prajapati A N, Rana V A & Vyas A D, Indian J Pure & Appl Phys, 44 (2006) 620.