IOSR-JAVS   Volume-10 ~ Issue-3 ~ MARCH-2017

ABSTRACT: This study assessed the effect of Urban Agriculture on food security in Benin metropolis, Edo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to: examine the socio-economic characteristics of urban farmers and assess the contribution of urban agriculture on farmers' economic empowerment. One hundred and twenty (120) urban farmers were randomly selected from the study area. Data were obtained with a well-structured questionnaire. A good number (62.6%) of the respondent were males with a mean age of 45 years with an average house hold size of 9 members............

Keywords: economic empowerment, community gardens, urban farmers and Benin metropolis

[1]. Adejobi, A. O: (2004) Rural Poverty, Food Production and Demand in Kebbi State, Nigeria. PhD. Thesis in the Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
[2]. Bailey, M., & Nasr, J. (2000, Fall 1999/Winter 2000). From brownfields to greenfields: Producing food in North American cities. Community Food Security News, p. 6.
[3]. Bamire, B.S.,Oluwasola, O. and A.J. Adesiyan (2007). Land Use and Socio-Economic Determinants of Technical Efficiency of Rice Farms in Osun State, Nigeria, in : Haruna, U.; Jubril, A.; Mancha, Y. P and Nasir, M. (eds)proceeding of the Nigerian Association of Agriculture Economics (NAAE), pp.27-35.
[4]. Department for International Development: DFID (2002).Poverty profile in Nigeria
[5]. Doss, C. R. and Morris, M. L. (2001). How does gender affect the adoption of agricultural innovation. The case of improve maize technology in Ghana. Journal of international Association of Agricultural Economists. 1(25):2739

ABSTRACT: This study critically examined food accessibility, distribution and production constraints of urban farmers in Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Data was collected using well-structured personally administered questionnaire and interview schedule from 150 urban farmers in the area using multi-stage sampling technique. Data was analyzed using both descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, means, standard deviation and rank correlation coefficient was used to test the hypothesis. The urban farmers in this study area had over 8years of basic education, mean family size of 7, farming experience of 12.8years, farm size of 1.94ha, an average proportion..........

Keywords: food accessibility, production constraints, middlemen, urban farmers, Lagos State.

[1]. Adedosin and Ajijola, (2012). Urban Livelihood: Urban Agriculture Implication in. Food Security, A Case Study of Ibadan Metropolis. Journal of Applied Phytotechnology in Environmental Sanitation.
[2]. Adeyemo, R. and Kuhlmann, F. (2009). 'Resource Use Efficiency in Urban Agriculture in Southwestern Nigeria', Tropicultura. 27(1): 49-53. Agriculture in Abakaliki Area, Nigeria', Ph.D dissertation. Stanford University.
[3]. Aina, O.S; Oladaopo, A. Adebosun, W.G; and Ajijola, S. (2012). Urban Livelihood: Urban Agriculture Implication in Food Security, A Case Study of Ibadan Metropolis. Journal of Applied Hydro-Technology in Environmental Sanitation. Jakarta. Vol 1. (4). Pp. 155 -161.
[4]. Akpan, Sunday Brownson. (2010). "Encouraging Youth's Involvement in Agricultural Production and Processing; NIGERIA STRATEGY SUPPORT PROGRAM (Policy Note No. 29) ", edited by International Food Policy Research Institute. Abuja, Nigeria: CGIAR.
[5]. Anthonio, G.B.O., (1970). Fish marketing survey in the Kainji Lake Basin Yelwa area study. Ibadan, Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, May

ABSTRACT: Recently popularized nomadic duck production systems in Jamuna Floodplains of Sirajganj and Pabna districts and the lower Padma basin in Faridpur and Madaripur districts of Bangladesh were studied. Direct interviewing and FGD (Focus Group Discussion) was carried out to obtain required data for assessing the profitability of farming, and feeding and management practices in the selected areas. The flock size varied from 146-687 number farm-1 depends on the economic base of each farmer........

Keywords: Ducks, nomadic system and livelihood

[1]. Bangladesh Economic Review. (2014) Ministry of Finance. Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka. p. 96.
[2]. BBS (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics). (2005) Statistical Pocketbook of Bangladesh. Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka. p. 150.
[3]. Hossain, S.M.A. & Nessa, J. (2005) Studies on Livelihood Improvement through Integrated Farming. Final Report submitted to the Research Initiatives Bangladesh, Bangladesh Agril. Univ., Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
[4]. Huque, K.S., Sarker, M.S.K., Huque, Q.M.E. & Islam, M.N. (2001) Duck production in the Sylhet basin of Bangladesh prospects and problems. Proceeding of the 2nd International poultry show and seminar, February 16-17. pp. 40-51.
[5]. Islam, M.A., Howlider, M.A.R., Alam, M.A., Heyamet, M.A. & Debnath, M. (2016) Present status, problem and prospect of duck farming in rural areas of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res., 2(2): 202-212.

ABSTRACT: Peach and Nectarine are of the most important fruit crops in Albania. Tirana grown fruits, especially peaches, are known for their quality. The causal fungus, Sphaerotheca pannosa attacks young shoots, leaves, and fruit of woody ornamentals including peach and other stone fruits and can cause serious economic loss due to collage of infected fruit. In this research, susceptibility of 2 peach and 2 nectarine varieties to leaf curl disease was investigated in ecological conditions of Tirane, Albania province in 2014 and 2016. Disease severity was calculated by the 0-5 scale when typical symptoms of leaf curl were evaluated on peach and nectarine leaves in naturally infected orchards.........

[1]. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations. 2014. Agricultural Statistics and Database. FAO Headquarters. Rome, Italy.
[2]. Agrios G.N. (2005). Plant Pathology. Fifth Edition. Elsevier Academic . New York.
[3]. Hasani, M. (2005). Sëmundjet e Pemëve frutore. Tiranë.
[4]. Kaltani, T e B.Celo, (1992). "Fitopatologjia bujqësore''- Pjesa e përgjithshme dhe e veçantë.
[5]. Cooke, B. M. (2006). Disease assessment and yield loss. In: The Epidemiology of Plant Diseases. B. M. Cooke, D. Gareth Jones and B. Kaye (Eds.) Second edition. The Netherlands: Springer.f.61..

ABSTRACT: This experiment was carried out to determine the performance of broiler finisher placed on different levels of inclusion of pro-vitamin A cassava-based diet ( 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% )using maize-based diet as control. The results show that the daily weight gain of birds placed on 0% was statistically (p<0.05) higher than those on 100% but not on those of 25%, 50%,and 75%. However the birds placed on 100% level had the lowest growth ratewhich was significantly (p<0.05) different from birds on 0% and 25% but not with birds on 50% and 75%. The average daily feed intake did not show any significant difference (p>0.05)among all the diet........

Keywords: Broiler finisher, Performance, Pro-vitamin A cassava,

[1]. Tanumihardjo S. A. Food based approaches for ensuring adequate vitamin A nutrition. Comp Rev Food Sci Food safety7:(2008)373-81.
[2]. FAO.. The state of food security in the world .Food and Agricultural organization, Rome, Italy, (2003) ISBN 13: 9789251049860, page: 36.statistical database. Rome, Italy. FAO website.www.fao.org.
[3]. Julie A, Montagnac, Christopher R. Davis, and Sherry A. Tanumihardjo.Nutritional value of cassava for use as a staple food and recent advances for improvement.Journal Comprehensive Reviews in food science and food safety. 8 ,2005, 181-192.
[4]. Bio cassava plus .http://bio cassavaplus.org 2005
[5]. Eleazu C. O and Eleazu K. C Determination of the proximate composition of carotenoid, reducing sugars and residual cyanide levels of flours of 6 new yellow and white cassava (Manihotesculentacrantz) vanleties. America journal of food technology, 7: 2012, 642-649...

ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted with a view to improving the microbial and keeping quality of milk produced by subsistence farmers through better milking hygiene. A survey was conducted to assess the existing hygienic quality of milk. It was found that the present hygienic conditions of the farmers at 9 selected areas were poor. A total of 27 selected farmers were trained to practice better milking hygiene (using a sanitary solution of about 200ppm chlorine). Milk samples (total 135) were collected after adopting hygienic measures to make a comparison between the two situations..........

Keywords: milking hygiene, microbial quality, clot-on-boiling, keeping quality time

[1]. APHA (American Public Health Association). (1998). Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products. 20th Edn. APHA. Inc. New York.
[2]. Chalmers C H. 1955. Bacteria in relation to the milk supply. 5th edn. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. London.
[3]. Frazier W. C. and Westhoff D. C. (1995). The possible sources of both high numbers and undesirable kinds of microorganisms. Food Microbiology, 4th edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. pp. 279.
[4]. Galton D. M., Peterson L. G., Merill W. H., Barder D. K. and Shuster D. E. (1984). Effect of pre-milking udder preparation on bacterial population, sediment and iodine residue in milk. Dairy Sci. Abst., 47:173.
[5]. Handerson J. L. (1971). The Fluid Milk Industry. 3rd Edition. The AVI Publishing Company Inc. Westport, Connecticut. pp. 64..

ABSTRACT: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crops, which supplies major source of calories for about 45 per cent of world population, particularly to the people of Asian countries. The production of rice in India has four fold increase from 1950–51 to 2001–02. This has enabled the country to attain self sufficiency in rice production & food security. Nevertheless, India did not become a major rice exporting country for a long period of time. Rice export from India constitutes the major share of Basmati rice. Nearly two-third of Basmati rice produced in India is exported..........

[1]. Alagappan, S. and Venkitaswamy, R. 2015. Impact of different sources of organic manures in Comparison with RDF and INM on growth and yield of Rice-green gram cropping system. The Ecoscan. 9(1&2): 225-230,
[2]. Kumari, C, R. and Reddy, S D 2011 Sustainable nitrogen management in rice based cropping system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 45(2): 93-103.
[3]. Mohanty, T.R.,Roul,P.K, Maity,S.K. and Nayak, A. 2015.productivity and profitability of green gram influenced by rice crop establishment and nutrient management practices in rice-green gram cropping system. Journal Crop and Weed, 11 (1)92-97.
[4]. Ramesh, P., Mohan Singh and Subba Rao A., 2005, Organic farming; its relevance to the Indian context. Current Science, 88 (4): 561-567..

ABSTRACT: This review aims to elaborate the potential applications of different bacterial and fungal species in decontamination of agricultural soils, which have been polluted with the application of continuous and higher doses of inorganic pesticides in the agricultural fields andthis can be considered asa modern phytoremediation approach. Biodegradation is an eco friendly, cost effective, highly efficient approach and can be considered as a superior alternative to physical and chemical methods which are not only technically laborious and costly, also are not sufficient to completely degrade organic and inorganic toxins from the soil. Development of experimental conditions in which all congruent biological agents are applied concurrently may be a promising strategy to enhance biodegradation..........

Keywords: Biodegradation, pesticides, fungi, bacteria, phytoremediation, phytodegradation

[1]. Aktar, M. W., Sengupta, D., & Chowdhury, A. (2009). Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 2(1), 1–12. http://doi.org/10.2478/v10102-009-0001-7.
[2]. Atlas, R.M. and Bartha, R. 1973. In : The Microbial Degradation of Oil/ Pollutants (D.G. Ahearn and S.P. Meyers, Eds.) pp. 283-89. Baton Rouge La., Louisiana State University.
[3]. Audus, L. J. (1964). Herbicide behaviour in the soil. Pages 163-206 in L. J .Audus, ed. The physiology and biochemistry of herbicides. Academic Press, Inc., London, U.K.
[4]. Audus, L.J. 1950. Biological detoxification of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in soils : Isolation of the effective organism. Nature (London), 166 : 356.
[5]. Benimeli, C.S.; Fuentes, M.S.; Abate, C.M. & Amoroso, M.J. (2008). Bioremediation of Lindane-Contaminated Soil by Streptomyces sp. M7 and its Effects on Zea mays Growth, International Biodeterioration& Biodegradation, Vol. 61, (September 2007), pp.233-239, ISSN 0964-8305...

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate and compare the clinical roles of three important cytokines Tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF-α), Interferon-ƴ (IFN-ƴ) and Interleukine-6 (IL-6 ) in the pathogenesis of EHV-9, EHV-1 and Zebra borne EHV-1. Eighty four male Syrian hamsters were used in this study, divided into four groups, each group included twenty one animals, The 1st group served as the control group and received 50 μl of MEM–α medium by intranasal administration. The 2nd , 3rd, and 4th group received 50 μl of a solution containing 1 × 104 PFU of EHV-9, EHV-1, and Zebra borne EHV-1 respectively by intranasal route. Hamsters were observed for clinical signs and body weight gain three times daily..........

Keywords: Cytokines, EHV-1, EHV-9, Zebra borne EHV-1, Pathogesis.

[1]. J. Patel and J. Heldens, Equine herpesviruses 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4)–epidemiology, disease and immunoprophylaxis: a brief review, The Veterinary Journal, 170(1), 2005, 14-23.
[2]. H. FUKUSHI, T. TOMITA, A. TANIGUCHI, Y. OCHIAI, R. KIRISAWA, T. MATSUMURA, T. YANAI, T. MASEGI, T. YAMAGUCHI, and K. HIRAI, Gazelle herpesvirus 1: a new neurotropic herpesvirus immunologically related to equine herpesvirus 1, Virology, 227(1), 1997, 34-44.
[3]. T. Yanai, T. Sakai, H. Fukushi, K. Hirai, M. Narita, H. Sakai, and T. Masegi, Neuropathological study of gazelle herpesvirus 1 (equine herpesvirus 9) infection in Thomson's gazelles (Gazella thomsoni). Journal of comparative pathology, 119(2), 1998, 159-168.
[4]. H. Fukushi, A. Taniguchi, K. Yasuda, T. Yanai, T. Masegi, T. Yamaguchi, and K. Hirai, A hamster model of equine herpesvirus 9 induced encephalitis, Journal of neurovirology, 6(4), 2000, 314-319.
[5]. G. Xiaoqin, S. Izume, A. Okada, T. KIMURA, and H. FUKUSHI, Full genome sequences of zebra-borne equine herpesvirus type 1 isolated from zebra, onager and Thomson's gazelle, Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 76(9), 2014, 1309-1312..

ABSTRACT: Groundwater in Kabul basin, Afghanistan was assessed for its physical, chemical and bacterial components. Kabul basin is divided in to five hydro-geologic sub-basins, water from 50 wells whose depths varies from 9 meters -71 meters was analyzed. The pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, temperature, chemical elements (cations and anion) and bacteriological content of the groundwater conform to the World Health Organization (WHO) and national standards for potable water. Some samples of groundwater examined contain bacteria especially, Escherichia coli and Coliforms which makes the water unsafe if consumed untreated.

Keywords: Hydrogeology, Potability, Aquifer, Coliform, Escherichia coli, W.H.O.

[1]. Zektser, Igor S, groundwater resources of the world and their uses, UNESCO, IHP-VI, series on groundwater, published on 2004, pages 345.
[2]. Chukwuma O. B. Okoye and Gold C. Adiele, Physico-chemical studies and bacteriological assay of borehole waters in Ezinihitte, Nigeria, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, 2011.pages19.
[3]. G. Ehiowemwenguan and others, Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Quality of Borehole Water in Eyaen Community Area of Edo State, Nigeria,Department of Microbiology, University of Benin.
[4]. APHA, American Public Health Association, Guideline for potable water. 7th edition, (1992), New York: WHO Press pages 11.
[5]. Aydin, A. . The microbial and physico-chemical quality of groundwater in west Thrace, Turkey, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies (2007) pages 14

ABSTRACT: The study set to investigate the appropriate means of breaking the dormancy of Pycnanthus angolensis seed as well as determine the optimum watering regime for its early growth. It was conducted in the Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife Management nursery of the University of Benin, Benin City. Five pre-germination treatments (control (old), control (fresh), red aril removal, 48 hours soaking in water, aril and seed coat removal were used for germination studies while three watering regimes (daily, twice and once a week) were applied for growth studies. There were five (5) treatments and four (4) replications for germination studies while three (3) treatments and four (4) replications were used for early growth studies. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used.........

Keywords: Growth, pre-germination, Pycnanthus angolensis, seed, watering

[1]. Agboola,, D. A. (1995). Studies on dormancy and germination of seeds of Prosopis africana . Nigerian Journal of Botany 8: 45 – 56.
[2]. Agboola, D. A. and Etejere, E. O. (1991). Studies on seed dormancy of selected economic tropical species. Nigerian Journal of Botany 4: 115 – 126.
[3]. Agele, S. O., Osaigbovo, A. U., Ogedegbe, S. A. and Nwanwe, A. K. (2016). Effects of watering regime, organic manuring and mycorrizal inoculation on the growth and development of shea butter (Vitellaria paradoxa) seedlings. International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research, 4 (3): 35 – 45.
[4]. Amusa, T. O. (2010). Effects of three pre-treatment techniques on dormancy and germination of seeds of Afzelia africana. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, 3 (4): 96 – 103.
[5]. Aseesh, P. and Sushma, T. (2013). Effect of pre-sowing treatments on seed germination in Quercus serrata and Quercus semecarpifolia. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 5 (12): 791 – 795.

ABSTRACT: The general problems of the detergent with emphasis on the haematology were investigated on Clarias gariepinus (post-juvenile) with mixed different concentrations of detergent in their compounded feed. The fish was grouped into six sets, comprising of 20 fish samples each. The control sample (sample A) was given normal feed composition with zero percent detergent concentration. The fish had access to feed for about 4 weeks for the test experiment. The haematology analysis of the exposed fish showed marked reduction in the packed cell volume..........

Keywords: Alkybenzenesulphonate, Clarias gariepinus, health hazards, heamatological parameters

[1]. M.A. Adewolu, C. A. Adeniji, and B.A. Ademola, Feed utilization, growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) cultured under different photoperiods Aquaculture. Vol. 283, 2008, 64 – 67.
[2]. G.S. Haylor, Controlled hatchery production of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1882), growth and survival of fry at high stocking density. Aquaculture Fishery Management. Vol(22), 1991, 405 – 422.
[3]. E.M. Hill, K.L .Evans, J. Horward, P. Rostkowski, F.O. Oladapo, R. Gibson, J.A. Shears, and C.R.Tyler, Profiles and some (anti) androgenic compounds in fish exposed to waste water treatment works effluents. Environmental Science and Technology. Vol 44(3), 2010, 1137 – 1143.
[4]. P.D. Abel, Toxicity of synthetic detergents to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Journal of Fisheries Biology. Vol(6), 2006, 279 – 298
[5]. M. Gholami, S.M.R. Fatemi, M. Falahi, A. Esmaili, and A. Mashinchiy, Effects of heavy metals (copper and cadmium) and detergent (LAS) on white fish fry Rutilus frisii Kutum. Resources journal environmental toxicology. Vol(4), 2010, 231 – 236.

ABSTRACT: In order to estimate the antimicrobial activity of leek, blender smashed washed fresh leek was added under aseptic conditions to four partitions of a freshly prepared curd of the Iraqi soft cheese each of 250g weight before the compressing process. The addition ratio were performed at four levels 5, 10, 20, 30 g smashed leek/ kg cheese curd. After that all treatments in addition to the control sample was compressed by using cheese molds and packed in a clean sterile containers. Samples were stored at 7°C for 12 days, and every three days of the storage the microbiological and sensory tests were performed. Total count, Coliforms, psychrophilic bacteria, yeast and molds counts were evaluated. Results of the control ( untreated) sample of the Iraqi soft cheese showed gradient increase..........

Keywords: Leek soft cheese Coliforms, psychrophilic bacteria, yeast and molds

[1]. Kaur, K. 2007. Evaluation of the potential use of Ginger as a fruit preservative. Biology Department, Skyline college,San Bruno CA. http://www.smcc.net/account/case/sacnas/2007/kim.pdf
[2]. Rasooli, I. 2007. Food preservation: A biopreservative approach. Food, 1(2): 111-136 .
[3]. Ghosh, A.K., Banerjee S., H. I. Mullick and Banerjee J. 2011. Zingiber officinale: A natural gold. Int. J. of pharma and Bio. Sci. 2(1): 283-294.
[4]. Stonsaovapak S., chareonthamawat p. and Boonyaratanakornkit M. 2000. Inhibitary effects of selected Thai spices and medicinal plants on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Yersinia enterocolitica. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 34:510-517. [5]. K. A. Hammer, C. F. Carson, T. V. Riley. June 1999. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. J. of applied microbiology, 86(6):985–990.

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to know the effect of added nitrogen and zinc interaction and their use efficiency on their uptake and the yield of wheat in two different texture soils. The study included an experiment (planting in plastic pots) in which five N levels of 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg N ha-1; five Zn levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 kg Zn ha-1 and two soils, clay loam (S1) and Sandy (S2), were used. Wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L.) was used as a plant indicator. A factorial experiment, according to Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three replicates, was used. The level 100 kg N ha-1 showed higher straw, grain yield, and N use efficiency of 19.15, 15.89 g pot..........

Keywords: Fertilizer, fertilizer use efficiency, nitrogen, quadratic equation, zinc

[1]. U. B. Kutman, B. yildiz,and I. Cakmak, Improved nitrogen status enhances zinc and iron concentration both in the whole grain and the endosperm fraction of wheat. Journal of Cereal Science, 53, 2011, 18–125.
[2]. A. Jan, M.Wasim, and Amanulah, Jr., Interactive effects of zinc and nitrogen application on wheat growth and grain yield. Jornal of Plant Nutrition, 36, 2013,1506 – 1520.
[3]. B.J.Alloway, Zinc in soils and crop nutrition :International Zinc Association. (Brussels , Belgium.2004).
[4]. E.B.Erenoglu, U.B. Kutman, Y. Ceylan, B.Yildiz, and I. Cakmak, Improved nitrogen nutrition enhances root uptake, root – to–shoot translocation and re mobilization of zinc (Zn65) in wheat .New Phytologist, 189, 2011, 438–448.
[5]. Y. F. Xue, S. C. Yue, Y.Q. Zhang, Z. L. Cui, X. P. Chen, F. C. Yang, I. Cakmak, S. P. MeGrah, Zhang, and C. Q. Zou, Grain and shoot zinc accumulation in winter wheat affected by nitrogen management. Plant and Soil, 361, 2012, 153 – 163.