IOSR-JAVS   Volume-10 ~ Issue-6 ~ JUNE-2017

ABSTRACT: This research primarily addresses the energy problem as experienced by farmers who use the GT 380 recirculating batch dryer for maize grain drying. The study used a 4.7 hp (3.5 kW) single cylinder, four-stroke, multi-fuel engine which was operated on diesel and biodiesel fuels. The objective of the study was to simulate the amount of maize grain that could be dried with recovered energy at various engine speeds and loads. For the purposes of estimating the amount of maize grain that could be dried with the recovered energy, specifications of the GT 380 recirculating batch dryer were used.........

Keywords: Exhaust Gases Energy, Maize Grain Drying, Propane, Recirculating Batch Dryer, Simulation

[1] P. Plamen, L. Stéphanie, P. Christelle, and P. Pierre, Possibilities of waste heat recovery on tractor engines, BulTrans proceedings conducted on 16-18 October 2013, Sofia.
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ABSTRACT: Maize is the conventional source of energy in broilers ration in Nigeria. The ever growing demand for maize for human consumption, livestock feeds and some industrial uses has pushed its market price to an alarming height. The Metabolizable energy value of maize and sorghum are 3432 and 3256 kcal/kg respectively, the crude protein content of maize and sorghum are 9.0 and 11.0 respectively, the crude fat values of maize and sorghum are 3.25 and 4.25% while the crude fibre of maize and sorghum are 2.7 and 2.0 respectively. Sorghum is suitable alternatives to maize considering the cost, availability and their nutritive value. Several research findings revealed that there is no significant (P<0.05) difference in the performance parameters among the three energy sources. Alternative sources of energy will reduce the cost of feeds; improve protein availability and intake, increase efficiency and productivity of broiler chickens as well as the improving the profit margin of the poultry producers.

[1]. Abubakar, A., Bashar, Y. A. and B. O. C. Eguke (2006). Pearl millet as substitute for maize in the diets of broiler chickens in Sokoto, Nigeria.Tropical Journal of Animal Science 9: (2) 53-61.
[2]. Abubakar, A., Bello, A., Tukur, M. and Bashar, Y.A. (2011).Whole millet in the diet of broiler starter in a semi arid environment of Nigeria. In: Adeniji, A.A., Olatunji, E.A. and Gana, E.S. (Eds) Value Re-orientation in Animal Production: A Key to National Food Security and sustainable Economy. Pp 481-483. Proceedings of 36th Annual Conference of Nigerian Society of Animal Production. 13th-16th March, 2011.
[3]. Adamu, M.S., Kubkomawa, H.I., Doma, U.D. and Duduwa, A.T. (2012). Carcass and gut characteristics of broilers fed diets containing yellow sorghum (Sorghum bicolor ) variety in place of maize. International Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 4(1): 08-11
[4]. Adegbola, A. J., Awagu, E. F., Kamaldeen, O. S., and Kashetu R. Q. (2013). Sorghum: Most under-utilized grain of the semi-arid Africa. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(4):147-153.
[5]. Aduku A.O. (1993). Tropical feedstuff – analysis Table. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria..

ABSTRACT: The difference in the quality of jute fiber belonging to different agro climatic regions had been mainly attributed to plant growth and more importantly to the quality and quantity of retting water. Our study have shown that difference in the retting capability of microflora belonging to different agro climatic regions contribute significantly to the quality of jute. However, attempts to introduce highly effective microbial population from a region producing better jute fiber to a distant one producing inferior quality and having different agro-climatic conditions was not successful because of diminished growth. This was probably due to antagonism of the indigenous microbial population towards the extraneous inoculum, since under sterile laboratory condition the former showed............

Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefasciens, jute, microbial consortia, nitrogen fixing bacteria, agro climatic regions, retting

[1]. T.C. Mandal and M.N. Saha , Jute Retting and Mechanization (Central Research Institution of Jute and Allied Fibres, Indian Council of Agricultural Research 1997) 14-38.
[2]. Ibid p 23.
[3]. B.S. Ghosh, and A.B.Kundu, An Overview of Pre- and Post-Retting Treatments for Upgrading of Jute, in P. Palit, S. Pathak and D.P.Singh (Ed) Jute and Allied Fibres: agriculture and processing (Central Research Institution of Jute and Allied Fibres, Indian Council of Agricultural Research 1999), 279-284.
[4]. Md Shamsul Haque, A. Zakaria, K.B. Adhir and A. Firoza, Identification of Micrococcus sp. responsible for Jute Retting, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(7), 2003, 686-687.
[5]. M. Jalaluddin, Further Observation on the Biology of Retting, Economic Botany, 24(2), 1970, 137-141..

ABSTRACT: A 2-yr (four cropping seasons) trial was conducted with nine maize (Zea mays L.) varieties and four fertilization treatments in three replicates to determine the appropriate variety-fertilization combinations. Fertilization treatments were: no fertilization (T1), 6 t ha-1 of farmyard manure (FYM) (T2), the national recommendation of 200 kg N15P15K15 plus 100 kg urea (46% N) ha-1 (T3) and 3 t of FYM plus 100 kg N15P15K15 plus 50 kg urea ha-1 (T4). Across fertilization treatments, 2-yr average grain yields were highest (6.41 to 6.76 t ha-1) for Bassar, TZEE and Obatampa varieties and lowest (4.63 and 5.07 t ha-1) for Wahala3 and Agoèbli in the first cropping season.............

Keywords:climate change, fertilizer, maize, soil fertility, yield

[1]. H.P Liniger, R. Mekdaschi Studer, C. Hauert, and M. Gurtner, La pratique de la gestion durable des terres. Directives et bonnes pratiques en Afrique subsaharienne. TerrAfrica, Panorama mondial des approches et technologies de conservation (WOCAT) et Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO) (Rome, Italie, 2011).
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[4]. D Cordell, J.O. Drangert, and S. White,The story of phosphorus: global food security and food for thought, Global Environ. Change,19, 2009, 292-305
[5]. IFDC (International Fertilizer Development Center), Mainstreaming pro-poor fertilizer access and innovative practices in West Africa, IFAD Technical Assistance Grant No. 1174 report, (Muscle Shoals, Alabama)..

ABSTRACT: A field experiment was conducted on "Effect of consortium of endophytic nitrogen fixing bacteria on yield and quality of seasonal (Suru) sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) under drip irrigation" was carried out at AICRP on Water Management, M.P.K.V., Rahuri during 2014-15. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with six treatments and four replications. There were four levels of nitrogen (100%, 50%, 25% and 0%) with P2O5, K2O, PSB, FYM and foliar application of consortium of endophytic nitrogen fixing bacteria with and without combination and set treatment of Acetobacter diazotrophicus. The results of this experiment revealed that foliar application of consortium of endophytic bacteria @ 3 L ha-1 at 60 days after planting given stage-wise results in concentration in leaves and cane.

[1]. S. Ando, Nitrogen fixation associated with endophytic bacteria. In Nitrogen Assimilation in Plants, Ed. Ohyama, T. and Sueyoshi, K. (Research Signpost, Kerala, India), 2010, pp. 215-231.
[2]. A. Kaushal, Rahul Patole and K.G. Singh, Drip Irrigation in Sugarcane: A Review. Agriculture Reviews, 33 (3), 2012, 211 – 219.
[3]. A. Dobermann, Nutrient use efficiency-measurement and management in a time of new challenges. In: Proceedings of the IFA International Workshop on Fertilizer Best Management Practices. Fertilizer Best Management Practices, 7–9 March 2007, Brussels, Belgium. International Fertilizer Industry Association, 2007, 1–28.
[4]. P. Westhoff, The economics of biological nitrogen fixation in the global economy. In: Emerich DW, Krishnan HB. Eds. Nitrogen fixation in crop production. Agronomy Monograph No. 52. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, 2009, pp- 309–328.
[5]. J. Dobereiner, V. M. Reis, M. A. Paula, and F. L. Olivares, Endophytic diazotrophs in sugar cane, cereals and tuber plants. In: New Horizons in Nitrogen Fixation, Palacios, R., Moor, J., and Newton, W. E., Eds., 1993, pp. 671–676..

ABSTRACT: Mint herb (Mentha spicata L.) is widely known as a good source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to use the aqueous mint leaf extract (AMLE) in white soft cheese processing and to evaluate the total phenolic content, microbial content and sensory attributes of the resulting cheese. Dried mint leafs were extracted with water to obtain an aqueous extract. Prior to white cheese processing, different concentrations (1, 2 and 3%, v/v) of AMLE were added to the milk. White soft cheese containing AMLE had significantly higher phenolic compounds than the control cheese and the highest phenolic content (96.0 mg GAE / 100 g cheese) was found in white soft cheese samples containing 3% of AMLE.............

Keywords: Mint; white soft cheese; phenolic compounds; microbial content; sensory evaluation

[1] A. Bhattacharya, P. Sood & V. Citovsky, The roles of plant phenolics in defence and communication during Agrobacterium and Rhizobium infection, Molecular plant pathology, 11(5), 2010, 705-719.–19.
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[3] R. Löliger, The Use of Antioxidants in Food, in O.I. Aruoma and B. Halliwell (Ed.), Free Radicals and Food Additives, (London: Tayler & Francis, 1991) 121–150.
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[5] I. W. Liaw, H. Eshpari, P. S. Tong and M. A. Drake, The impact of antioxidant addition on flavor of Cheddar and Mozzarella whey and Cheddar whey protein concentrate, Journal of food science, 75(6), 2010, 559-569..

ABSTRACT: A field trial was carried out on the suppression of botrytis grey mould (BGM) of chickpea using various chickpea lines at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), BARI, Rahmatpur, Barisal during 2012-2013. Both field screening techniques and cut-twig method were applied to control the disease. Spore suspensions of BGM were applied at flower initiation stage in the field trial. In the field screening, out of 29 chickpea lines, the entries 14, 4, 9 and 2 showed 4, 5, 6 and 7 disease scoring scale, respectively. In case of cut-twig method out of 29 chickpea lines, the entries 4, 5, 10, 6 showed 4 5, 6, and 7 scoring scales, respectively. For both field screening and cut-twig method a total of four lines viz., ICCL 87322, ICC 4971, ICC 4936 and ICC 1680 entries showed resistant reaction to BGM............

Keywords: Screening, BGM. Chickpea

[1]. Ahmed, H.U., Bakr, M.A., and Alam, K.B. 1981. Pathogen survey of major winter and summer pulses in Bangladesh. Proceeding of the National Workshop on Pulses. BARI. Joydebpur, 18- l9 August. l98l . Jydebpur, Bangladesh: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute.
[2]. Ahmed, Q. 1989. Field screening of chickpea varieties and cultures against gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) in Bihar, India. International Chickpea Newsletter. Vol. 21, p. 23
[3]. Bakr, M.A., S.A. Hussain, M.A. Afzal and M.A. Rahman. 2002. Chickpea status and production constraints in Bangladesh. In Intrgrated management of chickpea of Botrytis gray mold of chickpea in Bangladesh and Australia. Summary proceedings. Progect inception worlshop. Pp. 19-32. BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
[4]. Bakr, M.A. 1991. Management of Important Diseases of Major Pulses. Pages 119-127 in advances of Pulses Research in Bangladesh Proc. 2nd National Workshop on Pulses, 6-8 June 1989, Joydebpur, Bangladesh, ICRISAT, India.
[5]. Bakr, M.A. and F. Ahmed, 1987. Effect of presowing fungicidal seed treatment in controlling fusarium wilt of chickpea. Abstract of the Bangladesh Sci. Con. 12 (Section I): 77.

ABSTRACT: Dairy farming is ranked highly among the agricultural enterprises in Bungoma County due to its potential to enhance food security and alleviate poverty. Despite the huge livestock resource base, the poverty index for Bungoma County remains high (53%). The study investigated Effect of Marketing Strategies on the Dairy Value Chain Returns and Food and Nutrition Security in Bungoma County, Kenya. This study was anchored on Porter's Value Chain theory. The study adopted correlational research design. Target population consisted of 13 Dairy Cooperative Societies with a total membership of 10,062 livestock farmers, eight (8) Livestock Officers from the eight (8) sub-counties and 13 managers of Dairy Cooperative Societies and other licensed milk vendors. The study used semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interview schedules, focus group discussion and observation schedules to collect primary data............

Keywords: Dairy Value Chain Returns, Food and Nutrition Security, Marketing Strategy, Sustainable Development

[1]. ADCE (2011). Tanzania dairy industry status, opportunities and prospects. Morogoro
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[3]. DDA (2010). Dairy Development Authority Annual report. Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries.
[4]. Elepu .G, (2006).Value chain analysis for Dairy subsector in Uganda. Adraft report submitted to ASPS Uganda Agribusiness Development component. Un published.
[5]. FAO (2007).The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2007: High Food Prices and Food Security – Threats and Opportunities, Rome: FAO

ABSTRACT: The major purpose of the present study is to know the development of irrigation in respect of net irrigated area, Gross Irrigated area and sources of irrigation and the effects of irrigation on agriculture in respect of land use pattern, Intensity of cropping, cropping pattern and environmental degradation. For this purpose, the study is divided into two parts; first part deals with the development of irrigation and it is found that extent of irrigation has increased very significantly. It has increased from 59.72 per cent in 1965-66 to 97.9 per cent in 2010-11. The second part highlights the effects of irrigation on agriculture. These effects are noted on Net sown area, Intensity of cropping, changes in cropping pattern, yield of crops and environmental degradation. Some positive impacts are noted on net sown area, intensity of cropping and cropping pattern. On the other hand some negative impacts are noted...........

Keywords: Net sown area, extent of irrigation, net irrigated area, gross irrigated area, intensity of cropping and environmental degradation

[1]. Economic and Statistical Organization of Punjab, Chandigarh.
[2]. Gadgil, D.R. (1948), "Economic Effect of Irrigation", Gokhle Institute of Politics and Economics, Poona, p.18.
[3]. Gurjar, Ram Kumar (1987), "Irrigation for Agricultural Modernization", Scientific Publisher, Jodhpur, p.1.
[4]. Satparthy, T. (1984), "Irrigation and Economic Development", Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi, pp.1-2.

ABSTRACT: Fruit size and shape are important quality parameters for product appreciation by consumers. However, aspect ratio (width over length) was used to perform the choice of ratios for fruits shape determination and mass for fruit category. This study was carried to quantitative classify Safou size and shape in bush butter (Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam) fruits using fruit mass, as well as outer length and width measurements (aspect ratio). Results obtained showed that mass and aspect ratio can be used to classify Safou fruit size (small, medium and large) and shape (ellipsoidal, Obovate and spheroidal), respectively.Medium-sized fruits were the most represented. Irrespective of thefruit size, the ellipsoidal shape was most frequent and spheroidal shape was mostly found amongst small fruits and not amongst large fruits.

Keywords: Aspect ratio, Dacryodes edulis, Mass, Outer dimensions, Shape

[1] U. Omoti, and D.A. Okiy, Characteristics and composition of the pulp oil and cake of the African pear, Dacryodes edulis (G.Don) H.J. Lam, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 38, 1987, 67-72.
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[3] E. Youmbi, M. Mbeuyo, N.D. Tchinda, and A. Amougou, Physico-chemical characterization and classification of fruits of Dacryodes edulis from the major agro-ecological zones of Cameroon. Fruits 66(6), 2010, 355-365.
[4] A.N. Waruhiu, J. Kengue, A.R. Atangana, Z. Tchoundjeu, and RRB Leakey, Domestication of Dacryodes edulis: 2. Phenotypic variation of fruit traits in 200 trees from four populations in the humid lowlands of Cameroon. Food, Agriculture & Environment 2, 2004, 340-346.
[5] P.O. Anegbeh, V. Ukafor, C. Usoro, Z. Tchoundjeu, RRB Leakey and K. Schreckenberg, Domestication of Dacryodes edulis: 1. Phenotypic variation of fruit traits from 100 trees in southeast Nigeria. New Forests 29, 2004, 149-160..