IOSR-JAVS   Volume-10 ~ Issue-7 ~ JULY-2017

ABSTRACT: A field experiment was conducted in Research Station A - College of Agriculture- University of Bagdad, during the fall season of 2015, which attempts to study the effect of spraying calcium of two different sources mineral and organic: a liquid mineral fertilizer (Fosfital calcium) with three levels (2.5, 5, 7.5 ml.L-1) and the a liquid organic fertilizer (Polixal) with three levels (2.5, 5, 7.5 ml.L-1) beside control treatment in the vegetative growth and production.............

Keywords: calcium, α-amylase, peroxidase, potato

[1] Abu Dahi, Y. and M. A. Al-Younis.1988. Plant Nutrition Evidence . Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Researcher. Mosul University. Dar Al-Kotob for Printing and Publishing . Iraq.pp.411.
[2] Al-Ajeel , S. A. and I. A. Al-Hasnawi .2011. The effect of spraying (LIQ HUMUS) on the yield and some quality parameters of tubers potato of the two cultivars (Aladin and Burren). Kufa J. of Agric., 3(2) : 117-126.
[3] Al-Dobybi , M. H. M.2003. Effect of some minernal nutrients on qualitative , quantitative , anatomical properties and storability of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) . Ph. D. Thesis . Horticulture Department . College of Agriculture . University of Baghdad . Iraq.
[4] Ali , N. S. 2012. Fertilizers Technology and Uses . Department of Soil and Water Sciences . Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Researcher. University of Baghdad . Dar Al-Jameiah for Printing and Publishing . Iraq.pp.202.
[5] Al-Mharib , M. Z. 2008. Effect of foliar spray potassium and calcium and companion on growth , production and storability of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). M.Sc. Thesis. Hoticulture Department . College of Agriculture . University of Baghdad . Iraq...

ABSTRACT: The study was performed out in Tumaratas Village, Minahasa Regency Indonesia.The aim of this research was to know the income obtained in smallholder cattle farmer's household , examine earning share of cattle farming to the total household income and factors affecting household income from cattle farming business as well.............

Keywords: Cattle farming, Household's income, crops, income share.

[1] O.M. Kocturk, A case study of increasing income of dairy cattle in rural areas in western part of Turkey, Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8(9),2009, 1685-1699.
[2] Pasuruan regency, East Java, Indonesia. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 25(10), 2013, paper 180,
[3] L.K. Mabe, M.A. Antwi,. and O.I. Oladele, Factors influencing farm income in livestock producing communities of Northwest Province, South Africa. Livestock Research for Rural Development 22 (8), 2010, paper 142,
[4] A.J. Franzluebbers, Integrated crop–livestock systems in the southeastern USA, Agronomy. Journal, 99, 2007,361–372.
[5] L.S. Kalangi, Y. Syaukat, S.U. Kuntjoro and A. Priyanti, The Characteristics of Cattle Farmer Households and the Income of Cattle Farming Businesses in East Java, Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 7(12), 2014, 29-34..

ABSTRACT: The decreasing trend in acceptability, yield and income realized from water yam (Dioscorea alata) production in South Eastern Nigeria informed this study. It specifically examined respondents enterprise profitability, the socio-economic determinants of output, production system and constraints to production. Multi-stage and random sampling procedure were used in selecting 120 respondents from three of the five states in the region..............

Keywords: Economics, production, south eastern Nigeria, water Yam,.

[1] All Nigerian Recipes (n.d). Common recipes made from water yam. Retrieved from http://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/food-ingredients/yam.html.
[2] Fasasi, A. R. (2006). Resource use efficiency in yam production in Ondo State, Nigeria Agricultural Journal, 1(2), 36-40.
[3] Gbegeh, B. D., & Akubuilo, C. J. C. (2013).Socio-economic determinants of adoption of yam minisett by farmers in Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Research, 2 (1), 33 – 36.
[4] Ike, P. C., & Inoni, O. E. (2006).Determinants of yam production and economic efficiency among small holder farmers in South-Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 7(2), 337-342.
[5] National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) & Federal Department of Agricultural Extension (FDAE, 2014).Agricultural Performance survey report of 2013 wet season in Nigeria. Zaria, Nigeria: NAERLS press..

ABSTRACT: Histomorphological study of small intestine in indigenous ducks Anasplayrhynchoswas carried outforthirty adult indigenous ducks (male and female). Duodenum, jejunum and ileum were studied grossly and histologically.Anatomically, the small intestine appeared as a smooth, uniform through entire length, light pinkish and glistening. The duodenum has a U shape loop extend caudal to the gizzard. The pancreatic and bile ducts opened in the end of its ascending limb.The Jejunum andileumwere arranged in large parallel U shaped loops...........

Keywords: Small intestine, InIndigenous Ducks, Duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

[1] Bull,M.L.; Martins, M.R.; Cesario, M.D.; Padovani , C.R. and Menedes,A.A. (2007). Anatomical Study on domestic Fowl(Gallus domesticus).Int.G.Morphol.,25940:709-716.
[2] DeVerdal, H. dc, Mrgnon- Grasteaus., Jeulin C., Bihan- Duval E.Le., Leconte, M., Mallet, S., Martin, C. and Narcy, A., 2010. Digestive tract measurements and histologicat adaptation in broiler lines divergently selected for digestive efficiency. Poulty Science, 89: 1955- 1961.
[3] King, A. S. and McLelland, J. (1984). Birds: their structure and function, 2nd. Edition, pp. 84-109.London: BailliereTindall.
[4] Szczepanczyk, E.; Kalisinska, E.; Ligocki, M. and Bartyzel, B. (2000): Morphometry of esophagus and gut in bean goose Anserfabalis. Zoologicapoloniae, 45 / 1-4: 37-46.
[5] Traveset, A. (1998): Effect of seed passage through vertebrate frugivores' guts on germination: a review, Persp. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst., 1(2):151-190

ABSTRACT: Guava (Psidium guajava L.) plant is widely adopted and can tolerate frost, drought and salinity conditions. In the present study, a rapid, simple and efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of guava (P. guajava L.) from nodal segments of adult trees grown in the field was established. Explants collected in Autumn and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyl adenine (BA) at 8.9 μM, plus indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0.98 μM showed the best response in the in vitro establishment (91.7% sprouting percentage and shoot length of 1.75 cm). In addition,...........

Keywords: Psidium guajava L., micropropagation, nodal segment, seasonal variation, phenolic compounds

[1] Ahmad, I. and R. Anis (2014). Rapid in vitro propagation system through shoot tip cultures of Vitex trifolia (L.) an important multipurpose plant of the Pacific traditional Medicine. Physiol Mol Biol. Plants 20(3):385–392.
[2] Ahmad, I.; M.jaskani;J. Nafeesl; M. Ashraf and R. Qureshi (2016). Control of media browning in micropropagation of guava (psidium guajava L.). Pak. J.
[3] Ahmad, I.; T. Hussain; I. Ashraf; M. Nafees; Maryam; M. Rafay and M. Iqbal (2013). Lethal effects of secondary metabolites on plant tissue culture. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, vol. 13 (4) 539-547.
[4] Asim, M.; N. Hussain; EM. Umer; M. Zubair; SB. Hussain; S. Saeed; TS. Rafique and C. Sancak (2010). In vitro shoot regeneration of fenugreek(Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) using different cytokinins. Afr. J. Biotechnol.,9(42):7174–7179.
[5] Bajpai, A.; S. Kalim; R. Chandra and M. Kamle (2016). Recurrent Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration in Psidium guajava L. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., vol.59: e16150170

ABSTRACT: This study analysed the export competitiveness of Palm oil in Nigeria, Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. The specific objectives were to; determine the mean export quantity, and production quantity of palm oil in the selected countries; compute the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) indices for Nigeria, Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire with respect to palm oil exports. Data for the study was obtained from Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) statistical database and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Balassa index...........

Keywords: Palm oil, export, Revealed Comparative Advantage, Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage Balassa index

[1] Balassa, B. (1965). Trade Liberalization and Revealed Comparative Advantage. Manchester School of Economics and Social Studies, 33(2), 99-124.
[2] Banterle, A., and Carraresi, L. (2007). Competitive performance analysis and European Union trade: The case of the prepared swine meat sector: Acta Agriculturae Sccandinavica, Section C-Food Economics., 4 (3), 159-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16507540701597048
[3] Brinkman, G. L. (1987), The Competitive Position of Canadian Agriculture. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienned'agroeconomie, 35: 263–288. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1987.tb02229.x
[4] FAOSTAT (2016).www.faostat.org.Accessed 08/02/2016
[5] Ibrahim K.H. (2015).Trade Complementarities and Similarities between Nigeria and India in the context of Bilateral Trade Relations. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(6)28-32

ABSTRACT: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a type of oxygen-derived free radicals which are produced normally in cells during mitochondrial respiration and energy generation, but they are degraded and removed by cellular defense systems. When the production of ROS increases or the scavenging systems are ineffective, the result is an excess of these free radicals, leading to a condition called oxidative stress.ROS damage DNA, biomembrane lipids, proteins and other macromolecules. These phenomena contribute to the development of...........

Keywords: Heat Stress, Poultry, Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress

[1] Aurelia M. P, Aneta P(2015) ,"The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: A review"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry ,Vol. 97 pp 55-74
[2] Altan, O., A. Pabuccuoglu, A. Altan, S. Konyalioglu and H. Bayraktar,( 2003) "Effect of heat stress on oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and some stress parameters in broilers." Br. Poult. Sci., Vol44, pp545-550. [3] Bandyopadhyay Uday, Dipak Das and Ranajit K. Banerjee, (1999)"Reactive oxygen species: Oxidative damageand pathogenesis"current science, vol. 77, NO. 5,pp 658-666
[4] Banga, H.S., Sodhi, S. and Brar, R.S. (2009), "Biochemical and Histopathological changes in chicks with Hyperthermia", Indian Vet J vol 8pp 638-639
[5] Bottje, W. G., and P. C. Harrison,( 1985).," Effect of carbonated water on growth performance of cockerels subjected to constant and cyclic heat stress temperatures". Poult. Sci. vol 64pp1285–1292.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate levels of some metabolites, minerals, P4 and E2 in blood of She-camels (Camelus dromedarius) as affected by reproductive status (non-pregnant, embryonic loss and pregnant camels). During the breeding season, camels showing estrus (n=21) were naturally mated with virile studs. Ultrasonography on day 20-90 post-mating (PM) revealed 12 pregnants (G1), 4 animals with embryonic loss (G2) and 5 non-pregnants (G3). She-camels were hand milked and ultrasonographic examination was used for pregnancy diagnosis on days, 20, 35, 45, 55, 75 and 90 post-matingf...........

Keywords: Camels, embryonic death, blood biochemicals, ultrasonography, progesterone

[1]. Abdou, T.A. (1995). Studies on pregnancy toxaemia in goat using isotopes, Ph. D. Thesis, Cairo University.
[2]. Ali, A.; Al-Sobayil, F.A. and Al-Hawas, A. (2012). Evaluating the effectiveness of different treatments of uterine infections in female camels (Camelus dromedarius). Theriogenology, 74: 40-44.
[3]. Ali, A.M.H. (2010). Observation of the topography of the reproductive tract of the Arabian female camel. J. Agri. Vet. Sci. Qassim Univ. 3:33-41.
[4]. Al-Juboori, A. and Baker, M.M. (2012). Studies on Common Reproductive Disorders in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in United Arab Emirates (UAE) Under Field Conditions. 3rd ISOCARD International Conference.
[5]. Al-Rawi, H.M.M.A. (2014). Early pregnancy diagnosis and fetal development of one-humped camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Iraq by B-mode ultrasonography. Itern. J. Adv. Bio. Res., Vol. 4(1) 2014: 57-62.

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study are to find reference values for German shepherd dog reared in Sudan, evaluate the effects of sex on platelet parameters, correlations between platelets indices. Thirty three healthy dogs aged between 2 to 4 years of the breed German shepherd in the Sudan were categorized into two sex groups (14males, 19 females) were used in this study.Five ml Blood samples were taken from cephalic vein and analysis was performed using the Sysmex KX2 hematology..........

Keywords: Platelet variables –Sex- Platelet count- German Shepherd dogs

[1]. Amin M.A; Amin, A.P and Kulkarnite, H.R (2004).Platelet distribution width(PDW) is increased in vaso-oclusive crisis in sickle cell disease. Anna Hematology; 83(6):331-335.
[2]. Arcoh I.; Shipgel, N.Y.; Avidar, Y.; Yakobson, B King, R, and Shamir. M. (2005). Hematological and biochemical measurements in healthy adult, free- ranging golden jackals (Canis aureus syriacus) held in captivity. Vet. Rec.10:317-321.
[3]. Awad-Elkareem,A ;Israa, I;Razaz, Y;Eman,A ;Reem, M;Sara ,M;Haifa,A and Adam.,A.(2015).Reference value of Platelets count and indices in Sudanese using Sysmex KX-21.Inter. j of health sci. 3(2): 120-125.
[4]. Bain .B.J(1985).Platelet count and Platelet size in males and females.Scand J Hema;35:77-79.
[5]. Bexfield, N.H; Villiers, E.J; Herrtage, M.E.(2005) . Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia associated with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a dog. J Small Anim Pract; 46:543-548..

ABSTRACT: A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectofan assembling and modify combine equipment which used for mechanical and chemical cultivation and spraying fertilizer, on some machinery indicators, some soil properties and Sun flower yield in the College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad field during the spring summer growing season of 2016. Three levels of machinery speed included: 6.8, 4.51and 2.85 Km.hrˉ¹ and cultivation treatments included: mechanical chemical cultivation and spraying fertilizers, mechanical and chemical cultivation, mechanical and spraying fertilizers and control treatment were studied in this experiment. Field efficiency..........

Keywords: Field efficiency, soil moisture content, Plant height, plant yield,weed control percentage.

[1]. Abdul Ali,k,M., (2013) . Effect of type plow depth plowing and speed different in some technical indicators of the mechanized unit and Growth and sun flower. .Journal of the Euphrates Agricultural Sci- 5(3): 288-302.
[2]. Alahadadi, I. ; H. Oraki and F. P. Khajani , (2011). Effect of water stress on yield and yield components of sunflower hybrids. African J. of Biotic.10 (34):6504-6509.
[3]. Albanna, A.R.., (1990). Soil preparation equipmemt. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. University of AlMosul.
[4]. Al-Hadithi,H, and Samer,B,Al-Badri., (2012). Determination of the efficicency of the performance of the drill plow and the spsing chemical cultivation.Journal of Iraqi Agricultural Sci – 43(4): 93-101.
[5]. Al-Janabi,O.R.,(2000). Performance of tractor MF-399 four-wheel drive with four-disc plow and its overlap with some phsical properties of the soil, Master thesis, college of agriculture, University of Baghdad,Iraq

ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to predict the influence of body measurements on first lactation length of Jersey crosses and Holstein Friesian crosses. Body weight, body height, heart girth, body length and posterior girth measurements were taken from 50 Jersey crosses and 70 HF crosses. Experimental animals were fed & managed under tail to tail system of housing at dairy farm. From the calculation of data on different parameters it is concluded that body weight, heart girth, body height, Posterior girth of Jersey crosses had no effect on lactation length whereas body length had significant effect on lactation length while heart girth , body height, Posterior girth had no effect on lactation length and body weight, body length had significant effect on lactation length in HF crosses.

Keywords: Cattle, body measurements, body weight, Holstein Friesian, Jersey crosses, lactation length

[1]. Acharya, R. M. (1989). "Cattle cross breeding to increase milk production. An instrument of rural development". A success story in india ,personal communication.
[2]. Bereskin , B. and Touchberry, R. W. (1967). some relationship of body weight and first lactation yield. Animal Breeding Abs., 35 (1), 49.
[3]. Csomos, Z. (1965). The relation between body weight and lactation yield in Hungarian spotted cows. Animal Breeding Abs., 33 (4), 544.
[4]. Sarkar, G and Prasad, J. (1997). "Effect of lactation length and service period on economic traits of HF crosses (F1) underagroclimatic conditions of West Bengal." M.Sc. Thesis A.A.I. Allahabad.
[5]. Snedecor GW and Cochran W.G. (1994) Statistical method 8th edition the Iowa State University. Press Amer Iowa USA.

ABSTRACT: Application of pesticide on vegetables will protect them from pest injury, but in another hand will hold pesticide residues inside vegetables. These residues have harmful effect against all consumers. Detection about pesticide residues has been carried out for some Iraqi vegetables (tomato, cucumber, eggplant, and zucchini) by using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). QuEChERS method has been applied for extraction pesticide residues from targeted vegetables...............

Keywords: Imidacloprid, Oxamyl, Pesticide residues, QuEChERS, Vegetables

[1] Y. Hu, Y. H. Chiu, R. Hauser, J. Chavarro, and Q. Sun, "Overall and class-specific scores of pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables as a tool to rank intake of pesticide residues in United States: A validation study," Environ. Int., vol. 92–93, no. May, pp. 294–300, 2016.
[2] G. Book, "Compendium of Chemical Terminology," International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2014, p. 528.

[3] S. STEVENSON, F. J.; KAUFMAN, D.; STILL, G.; PAULSON, G.; BANDAL, "Bound and conjugated pesticide residues," ACS Symp. Ser., p. 180, 1976.
[4] F. Zhang, C. Yu, W. Wang, R. Fan, Z. Zhang, and Y. Guo, "Rapid simultaneous screening and identification of multiple pesticide residues in vegetables," Anal. Chim. Acta, vol. 757, no. December 2012, pp. 39–47, 2012.
[5] G. Marrazza, "Piezoelectric biosensors for organophosphate and carbamate pesticides: A review," Biosensors, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 301–317, 2014..

ABSTRACT: Rice is a staple food for Malaysian and productivity must be focus upon in order to meet the increasing demand as the country growing population increases. Government had to produce a new and good variety of paddy which is MR219 and also to provide the Technology of Rice check as a manual and guideline to the extension agents to meet the needs of the farmers. However, the current yield at IADA Pekan is only 2.6 mt/ha which is not even up to the half of the potential................

Keywords: extension agent, planning, implementing, monitoring, rice technology

[1] Agrofood Statistics (2014). Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry, Information Management and Statistics Section,
Policy and Strategic Planning Division, Wisma Tani, Putrajaya, 2015.
[2] The Tenth Malaysian Plan. Economy Planning Unit. Department of Prime Minister Malaysia. Putrajaya.
[3] Noh Omar (2010). Transitioning from Agriculture to Agribusiness. Policy and Strategic Planning Division, Wisma Tani,
Putrajaya, Malaysia, 2010.
[4] Leagans, J. P. (1971). "Extension Education and Modernization in Leagans and Loom's (eds.)", Behavioural Change in
Agriculture – Concepts and Strategies for Influencing Transition. Cornell Univ. Press. Ithaca pp. 101-143.
[5] A. H. O. Khalil (2008). Relationships between Extension Competencies, Organisational Commitment and Job Satisfaction with
Performance of Agricultural Extension Workers in Yemen. Doctoral diss., Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.