IOSR-JAVS   Volume-11 ~ Issue-5 ~ MAY-2018

ABSTRACT: The continuous depredation of the ecosystem, the major component of which is plants, has resulted in Global warming , breakdown and melting of glaciers, pollution of atmospheric air, rising pollution of sea water, decrease in soil fertility and decrease of quality fresh water which has impacted the human population with regard to various health indices. The State of Forest in India , published by the Forest Survey of India, reported in 2017 that the forests of Jharkhand has grown by 317 sq. km. raising the forests vs. land ratio by more than two percent of the artificial regeneration activities taken up by the State. To assess the carbon sequestration in artificially regenerated forest, this study has been taken up in the driest part of Jharkhand i.e. Garhwa district which experiences daily summer temperature of 470 C. or even more............

Keywords: Biomass, Carbon Sequestration, Quantification, Valuation, Ecosystem Services.

[1]. Chiabai, A., Travisi, C. M., Markandeya, A., Nunes, P. A. L. D., Economic Valuation of Forest Ecosystem Services: Methodology and Monetary Estimates, 2009.
[2]. India State of Forest Report,2017.
[3]. IPCC Guidelines 1990, 1996, 2003.
[4]. Kauppi, P. E., New, Low Estimate for Carbon Stock in global Forest Vegetation based on Inventory Data, Silva Fennica. 37 ( 4 ): 451-457, 2003.
[5]. Kirti, A., Abhinav, M., Forest Ecosystem Services and Valuation, LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2014..

ABSTRACT: Theileriosis is economically an important disease of cattle in Herat province, while the infection is mostly recognized via clinical findings. The efficient diagnostic methods more frequently to be pragmatic by microscopic readouts. In this study, 1100 samples from 11 districts from cattle regardless of age, sex and breed were randomly collected and tested for microscopic examinations by Giemsa staining for the purpose of prevalence study of the Theileria infection in Herat province. The results ranged from 4% to 37% between districts respectively. The highest percentile for positive recorded cases showed 37% in Enjil districts while the lowest percentile recorded cases showed 4% for Gulran districts.

Keywords: Cattle, Giemsa staining, Herat province, Infection, Theileriosis,

[1]. Sitotaw, T., Regassa, F., Zeru, F., &Kahsay, A. G. (2014). Epidemiological significance of major hemoparasites of ruminants in and around Debre-Zeit, Central Ethiopia. Journal of Parasitology and Vector Biology, 6(2), 16-22.
[2]. OIE (Office of International Des Epizooties) (2014) OIE Terrestrial Manual on Theileriosis. p. 1-23.
[3]. Gul, N., Ayaz, S., Gul, I., Adnan, M., Shams, S., &ul Akbar, N. (2015). Tropical Theileriosis and East Coast Fever in Cattle: Present, Past and Future Perspective. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 4(8), 1000-1018.
[4]. Pieszko, M. (2015). Molecular regulation of the macroschizont to merozoite differentiation in Theileria annulata. PhD Thesis, University of Glasgow,UK. pp.308.
[5]. Hassan, A.H., (2010). A pathological study on Theileriosis in cattle in Sulaimaniyah region, Iraq. PhD Thesis, University of Sulaimani, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sulaimani, Iraq. pp: 125...

ABSTRACT: Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) or Aphtous fever is a fundamental global animal health trouble. FMD ranks first between the notifiable list A infectious diseases of animals. It is the most contagious transboundary animal disease (TAD) infecting cloven hoofed species of domesticated and wildlife. The most susceptible domesticated species are cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and buffalo. As the rapid accurate detection of FMD virus antigens and antibodies is an essential corner stone in the epidemiological studies, the present work aims to determine FMD virus (or antigens) in diseased cattle and FMD antibodies in vaccinated cattle using different serological tests in order to detect the...........

Keywords: FMD, TAD, SNT, AGPT, FAT, RSAT, TE, S.

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[2]. A. D. James and Rushton, The economics of foot and mouth disease. Rev. Sci. tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 21(3), 2002, 637-644.
[3]. J. J. Callis, P. D. Mckercher and J. H. Graves, Foot and mouth disease. A review J.A.V.M.A, 153 (12) , 1968, 1798-1802.
[4]. L. Benveniti, Y. Rogel, L. Kunznetzova, Y. Bujanover and Y. Stram, Gene gun-mediate DNA vaccination against FMDV, Vaccine, Jul, 16-19 (28-29), 2001, 3885-3895.
[5]. Y. Leforban and G. Gerbier, Recent history and epidemiology of FMD in Europe. In foot and mouth disease, control strategies, symposium, 2-5 June 2002, Lyons, France: 153-171.

ABSTRACT: The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka during the period from June to November 2013 in aman season to find out effect of fertilizer and manure on the nutrient availability of T. Aman rice in different soil. BRRI dhan33 was used as the test crop in this experiment. The experiment comprised of two factors- Factors A: Soils from different location (soil from 2 locations), S1: SAU soil, S2: Shingair soil (collected from Shingair Manikgonj) an Factor B: Levels of fertilizers and manures (5 levels)- T0: Control condition i.e. no fertilizers and manures; T1: Recommended dose of fertilizer (N120P25K60S20), T2: 50% NPKS + 5 ton cow dung ha-1, T3: 50% NPKS + 5 ton compost ha-1 and T4: 50% NPKS + 3.5 ton poultry manure ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications............ .

[1]. Singh AK, Manibhushan, Meena MK, and Upadhyaya A, Effect of Sulphur and Zinc on Rice Performance and Nutrient Dynamics in Plants and Soil of Indo Gangetic Plains. 2012; J. Agril. Sci., 4(11): 162-170.
[2]. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), FAO Production Yearbook, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy. 2009; 56-77.
[3]. Prakash NB, Different sources of silicon for rice farming in Karnataka. Paper presented in Indo-US workshop on silicon in agriculture, held at University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India. 2010; p.14.
[4]. BARC (Bangladesh Agriculture Research Council), Fertilizer Recommendation Guide. Pub. No. 41. Bangladesh Agriculture Research Council, Dhaka, Bangladesh.1997.
[5]. Islam MS, Amin MS, and Anwar MN, Integrated soil fertility management in Bangladesh. Paper presented at the Workshop on Integrated Nutrient Management for Sustainable Agriculture held at Soil Resour. Dev. Inst., Dhaka in June 26-28, 1994...

ABSTRACT: Estimation and forecasting of fish production are crucial in supporting policy decisions regarding food security and development issues. The present study examines the current status of fish production in Nigeria. Univariate time series modeling using ARIMA model was developed for forecasting fish production. Box and Jenkins linear time series model, which involves autoregression, moving average,and integration, also known as ARIMA (p, d, q) model was applied. The annual production series of fish from 1971 to 2015 exhibited an increasing trend while prediction of fish production for 2016-2020 showed anincreasing trend. The study has shown that the best-fitted model for fish production series is ARMA (1, 1, 1). Themodel revealed a good performance in terms of explainingvariability and forecasting power.

Keywords : ARIMA, Univariate, fish production, forecasting.

[1]. Awal, M. A., Siddique, M. A. B. (2011). Rice production in Bangladesh employing by ARIMA model. Bangl. J. Res., 36(1), 51–62.
[2]. Badmus, M. A., Ariyo, O. S. (2011). Forecasting cultivated area and production of Maize in Nigerian using ARIMA Model. Asian J. Agric. Sci., 3(3), 171–176.
[3]. Biswas, R., Bhattacharyya, B. (2013). ARIMA modeling to forecast area and production of rice in West Bengal. J. Crop Weed, 9(2), 26–31.
[4]. Box, G. E. P., Jenkin, G. M. (1976). Time Series of analysis: Forecasting and control. Jon Wiley & Sons.
[5]. Contreras, J., Espinola, R., Nogales, F.J., Conejo, A.J., (2003), ARIMA Models to Predict Nextday Electricity Prices, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 1014-1020.

ABSTRACT: This study on growth and yield performance of test crops under oil palm sludge application in humid agro ecology of Rivers State was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of varying rates (0, 4000, 8000, 12000 lit ha-1) of palm oil sludge on Okro (Abelmoschus esculentus), maize (Zea mays L), and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata(L) Walp) in the study area. The experimental design was split – plot design fitted into a randomized complete block design with four (4) replications. The results indicate that oil palm sludge at the rate of 4000 lit ha-1 enhanced growths and yield of test crops. On growth, okra plant height was 150.25cm and attained a maximum leaf area of 558.02cm2 while maize was tallest (533.28cm) and produced maximum leaf area of 1629.48cm2. Okra, maize and cowpea yielded 2398kg/ha, 4560kg/ha and 2782.50kg/ha respectively. Higher rates of 8000lit/ha and above impeded the parameters measured but controlled weed infestations. Therefore, 4000lit/ha rate and evenly distributed on agricultural land is recommended for agronomic performance of the crops studied.

Keywords: Agronomic performance, test crops, oil palm sludge, agro-ecology, Rivers State

[1]. Adepetu, J. A. (1986). Soil fertility and fertilizer requirement in Oyo, Ogun and Ondo States of Nigeria. Federal Department of Agriculture and Land research (Publication).
[2]. Agboola, A. A and Ayodele, D (1987). Soil test calibration for upland rice in south western Nigeria. Forest Research 14: 227 - 274
[3]. Ashley, D. A. (1965). Relation of Cotton leaf area index to plant growth and fruiting. Agronomy Journal 58:61-64.
[4]. Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO (1984) agroclimatological data, Africa. Vol. 1.
[5]. Hwang, T. K. (1978). Chemical composition of palm oil mill effluents. Technical Article Planter, Kuala Lumpur 54: pp.749 – 756.

ABSTRACT: The in vitro gas production parameters and gas production characteristics of six silage types (T1 – T6) from chopped green maize stover (CGMS) and Chopped dry maize stover (CDMS) ensiled with or without ground dried cassava peels GCP) or dried poultry litter DPL) were assessed using the gas production technique. The chemical composition of the silages was also analyzed. Crude protein (CP) was highest (11.94%) in T3 (CGMS + 36% w/w DPL) and lowest (5.06%) in T5 (5.06%). Nitrogen free extract (NFE) ranged from 52.02% in T3 (CGMS + 36% w/w DPL) to 63.78% in T5 (CDMS + 5% w/w GCP). In vitro gas production volume (IVGP), organic matter digestibility (OMD %), metabolizable energy (ME), methane (CH4) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) were not significantly (P > 0.05) different among the silages but dry matter degradability (DMD %) significantly differ (P < 0.05), T1 being the highest (60.53%) and T4 the lowest (29.27%). Gas production characteristics were significantly different among the silages. It was concluded that ensiling maize stover with ground dried cassava peels or dried poultry litter improved the gas production characteristics and the nutritive value of the silage.

Keywords: in vitro, gas production characteristics

[1]. Thornton, P.K.. (2010). Livestock Production: Recent Trends, Future Prospects, In: Charles, H., Godfray, J., John, R.B., Crute, I.R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J.P., Robinson, S. and Toulmin, C. (Eds), (2010) "Food Security: Feeding the World in 2050" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B series, Biological Sciences. 365 (1554): 2853–2867 doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0134
[2]. Waje, S.H., Singh, S.K. and Vishal M. (2010) Effect of using forest grass based complete rations on growth and nutrient utilization in growing crossbred calves. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 10: 229-234
[3]. Dhuria, R.K, Sharma, T. and Purohit, G.R. (2011) Effect of densification of gram straw based complete feed on rumen and haemato-biochemical parameters in Magra lambs. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology 11: 133-141
[4]. Jordaan, J.D. (2004). The Influence of Bedding Material and Collection Period on the Feeding Value of Broiler and Layer Litter, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Free State, South Africa. 84pp.
[5]. Moran, J. (2005). Making Quality Silage, In: Tropical Dairy Farming: Feeding management for smallholder dairy farmers in the humid tropics. Landlinks Press, pp 83-97

ABSTRACT: This work was developed with the objective of evaluating growth of grumixama seedlings, treated in different concentrations of growth regulator and times of application. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme with three replications and one plant per plot. The doses consisted of the growth regulator concentrations of 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 25.0 ml L-1 of the product in one liter of water. The application times were 10 and 20 days after the transplantio of the grumixameira seedlings to plastic bags of 3 dm3. The evaluations of height, stem diameter and number of leaves were performed every 30 days. At 100 days after transplanting of the seedlings, root volume, root dry matter and shoot dry matter were evaluated. It was concluded that for both variables there was no significant difference in the analyzed variables.

Keywords: Time; Giberellin; Hormone.

[1]. L. H., Árvores brasileiras: manual de identificação e cultivo de plantas arbóreas nativas do Brasil, Nova Odessa: Ed. Plantarum, 2002, p. 352.
[2]. G. L. D. S. P. LOUROSA, Caracterização de frutos de Grumixameira (Eugenia brasiliensis), Rio Grande do Sul,: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Doutorado fitotecnia, 2012.
[3]. E. M. A. N. M. K. N. N. P. M. J. SUGUINO, "Efeito da porosidade do substrato casca de Pínus no desenvolvimento de mudas de Grumixameira," Revista Brassileira de Fruticultura, vol. Especial, nº 1, pp. 643-648, 2011.
[4]. L. H., Árvores brasileiras: manual de identificação e cultivo de plantas arbóreas nativas do Brasil, Nova Odessa: Ed. Plantarum, 1992.
[5]. C. V. B. D. A. C. B. C. J. SILVA, "Fracionamento e germinação de sementes de Eugenia," Revista Brasileira de Sementes, vol. 27, nº 1, pp. 86-92, 2005.

ABSTRACT: This research aims to discover the effect of powder and liquid probiotic addition towards intestinal microflora of layer. This research involved 144 Isa Brown hens with 6 months (24 weeks) age and liquid probiotic containing Lactobacillus sp bacteria with the composition of 1,4 x 1010 cfu/ml, while the powder probiotic that was used using skim milk media was processed into powder. The method used was experimental, employing nested Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors and 6 actions, in which every action is given 4 times repetition; each repetition consisted of 6 layers. The data was analyzed using variety analysis and examined further by the Duncan test. Research result showed that the addition of powder or liquid Lactobacillus sp probiotic gave a positive effect..........

Keywords: Probiotic, Microflora, Intestinal

[1]. Chesson, P., Pacala, S., Neuhauser, C. 2001. Environmental niches and ecosystem functioning. Pages 213-245 in "The Functional Consequences of Biodiversity", Ann Kinzig, Stephen Pacala, and David Tilman, eds, Princeton University Press.
[2]. Collado, M. C., E. Isolauri, S. Salmien, and Y. Sanz. 2009. The impact of probiotic on gut health. Curr Drug Metab. 10(1):68-78.
[3]. Dilday, R.H., K.A. Moldenhauer, J.D. Mattice, F.N. Lee, F.L. Baldwin, J.L. Bernhardt, D.R. Gealy, A.M. McClung, S.D. Linscombe, and D.M. Wesenberg. 1999. Rice germplasm evaluation and enhancement at the Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center. Proc. Internl. Symp. Rice Germ. Eval. Enhan., Aug. 30–Sep. 2, 1998. In J.N. Rutger et al. (ed.) Special Report 195:16–21, Univ. of Arkansas, USA.
[4]. Hyden. M. 2000. "Protected"Acid Additives. Feed International. July. 2017

[5]. Joerger, R.D. (2003). Alternatives to antibiotics: bacteriocins, antimicrobial peptides and bacteriophages. Poultry Sciences, 82 , 640 /647..

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of differernt medicinal plant extracts as fungicide to control seed borne fungi associated with wheat and also to study the seedling parameters. In this study, five treatments viz. T1-Control (without treatment), T2-Provax-200 WP, T3-Basak, T4-Allamanda leaves, and T5-Allamanda flowers, were used. Results revealed that chemical fungicide Provax-200 WP worked well to control the seedborne fungi significantly. Among the plant extracts, Allamanda leaf and flower extracts and Basak also reduced the association of fungi in compare to control. In some cases, Allamanda gave statistically similar results with the Provax-200. This study could help the farmers by giving valuable information of medicinal plant extracts as a fungicide and its application to control seed brone fungi associated with wheat.

[1]. Abati, J., Zucareli, C., Foloni, J.S.S., Henning, F.A., Brzezinski, C.R.,Henning,A.A. (2014). Treatment with fungicides and insecticides on the physiological quality and health of wheat seeds. Journal of Seed Science. 392–398.
[2]. Akter, N.(2008). Effect of plant extract on the management of seed-borne fungal diseases of Okra. M.S. thesis, Dept. of Plant Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh. 36-74.
[3]. BBS (2015). Estimates of Wheat 2014-15. Bangladesh Burea of Statistics. Agriculture Wing. Dhaka-1207.
[4]. Benoit, M.A., Mathur, S.B.(1970). Identification of species of Curvularia on rice seed. Proc. Int. Seed Test Assoc. 35: 99-119.
[5]. Bhandari, D., Bhatta, M.R., Duveiller,E.,Shrestha, S.M.(2003). National Wheat Research Program, NARC, Bhairahawa, Nepal. Proceedings of Fourth International Wheat Tan Spot and Bloch Workshop, Bemidji, Minnesota, USA, 34-41..

ABSTRACT: A field experiment was carried out during the period from November 2015 to May 2016 at Horticultural farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to investigate the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield of chilli. The two factorial experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Four levels of nitrogen N0: 0 kg N ha-1, N1: 100 kg N ha-1, N2: 120 kg N ha-1, N3: 140 kg N ha-1 and three levels of phosphorous P0: 0 kg P2O5 ha-1, P1: 30 kg P2O5 ha-1, P2: 45 kg P2O5 ha-1 and P3: 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 were used in this experiment. Growth and yield contributing parameters significantly influenced by different doses of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. The dose of N2 gave the highest plant height (cm) and most of the growth parameters increased with increasing nitrogen levels up to N3. The dose of P2gave the highest............

Keywords: Chilli, Growth, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Yield

[1]. Ahmed, N., Baloch, M. H., Haleem, A., Ejaz, M. and Ahmed, N. 2007. Effect of different levels of nitrogen on the growth and production of cucumber. Life Sci. Int. J., 1: 99–102.
[2]. Akanbi, W. B., Togun, A. O., Akinfasoye, J. O. and Tairu, F. M. 2007. Physico-chemical properties of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). fruit in response to nitrogen fertilizer and fruit size. Agricultural Journal, 2: 140-148.
[3]. Alabi, D. A. 2006. Effects of fertilizer phosphorus and poultry droppings treatments on growth and nutrient components of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Afr. J. Biotechnol., 5(8): 671-677. [4]. Albaho, M., Ghloum, D., Thomas, B., Isathali, S. and George, P. 2012. Effect of two fertilizers on growth and yield of chilli pepper and cherry tomato grown in a closed insulated pallet system. Available at the following web site: http://www.actahort.org/books/927/927_108.htm.
[5]. Aldana, M. E. 2005. Effect of phosphorus and potassium fertility on fruit quality and growth of tabasco pepper (Capsicum frutescens) in hydroponic culture. An M. S. Thesis. Dept. of Horticulture, Louisiana State University..

ABSTRACT: Edible bird's nest (EBN) was a health food supplement produced from saliva of swiftlet especially Collocalia fuciphaga. The main composition of EBN is protein and a key factor in nutritional value and therapy. Each EBN type has a unique protein profile on SDS-PAGE electrophoresis gel. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the protein profile of EBN from Kalimantan and Java Island would be a reference for further study on EBN biological activity. This research were used EBN from swiftlet house in Kalimantan and Java Island. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide..............

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[2]. Norhayati MK, Azman O, Wan-Nazaimoon WM. Preliminary study of the nutritional content of Malaysian edible bird's nest. MalaysianJournal of Nutrition. 2010;16:389-396.
[3]. Elfita L. Analysis on protein profile and amino acid of bird nest (Collocalia Fuchiphaga) from Painan. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis. 2014;1(1):27-37.
[4]. Syahidah HW, Normah M, Albert T. Protein content and amino acid composition of farmed edible bird's nests in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Veterinary Research. 2014;5:342-346.
[5]. Saengkrajang W,Matan N, Matan N. Nutritional composition of the farmed edible bird's nest (Collocaliafuciphaga) in Thailand. Journalof Food Composition and Analysis. 2013;31:41–45..