IOSR-JAVS   Volume-11 ~ Issue-9 ~ SEP-2018

ABSTRACT: Footbath is a very simple form of biosecurity that helps preventing the potential spread of disease. Three experimental studies were conducted to evaluate and compare the bactericidal effectiveness of five commercial disinfectants (CleanZix®, Zix-Virox®, Synergize®, GroundZero® and Halamid®) in liquid and semi-liquid form after one minute contact time ,Besides, comparing the capacity of liquid and semi-liquid foot baths to withstand and remain effective along the study duration for three successive days challenged daily against 12 cm2 contaminated rubber........

Key words: disinfectants, Chloramine-T, liquid and semi-solid foot bath, poultry, organic matter

[1]. Morley, P.S., Morris, N.S., Hyatt, D.R.and Van Metre, D.C. (2005). Evaluation of the efficacy of disinfectant footbaths as used in veterinary hospitals, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association,Vol. 226, No. 12: 2053-2058.
[2]. Payne, J. B., Kroger, E. C. and Watkins, S. E. (2005): Evaluation of Disinfectant Efficacy When Applied to the Floor of Poultry Grow-Out Facilities, J. Appl. Poult. Res. 14:322–329.
[3]. Roszak, D. B., Grimes, D. J. and Colwell, R. R. (1983): Viable but non-recoverable stage of Salmonella Enteritidis in aquatic systems, Can. J. Microbiol, 30:334–338.
[4]. McKay, A. M. (1992): Viable but non-cultural forms of potentially pathogenic bacteria in water, Lett. Appl. Microbiol, 14:129–135.
[5]. Gismondo, M. R.; Drago, L., Lombardi, A., Fassina, M. C. and Mombelli, B. (1995): Antimicrobial and sporicidal efficacy of various disinfectant solutions, Minerva Med, 86:21–32...

ABSTRACT: The study was designed to evaluate the effect of sand grit inclusion on nutrient digestibility, internal organs parameters and GIT relative length of finisher broiler chicken fed high fiber diet. It was conducted on the backdrop of sourcing for alternative feed ingredient and that sand grit will aid the digestion of high fiber diet by finisher broiler chicken. Fiber level was deliberately boosted in the diet of broiler chicken by incorporating rice offal at 15% level. Sand grit of sizes 0.5mm to 1.00mm in diameter was added to the diet. There were five (5) dietary treatments in which sand grit was added at graded levels of 0%(T1), 0%(T2), 1.5%(T3), 2.0%(T4) and 2.5%(T5) and rice offal included at levels of 0%(T1) and 15% each for T2 to T5, in a completely randomized experiment. Two hundred brooded broiler chicks were used for the feeding trial which lasted for 35 days. Each treatment was..........

Key words: Grit, Rice offal, Fiber, Birds, GIT.

[1]. Abeke, F.O., Ogundipe, S.O., Sekoni, A.A., Dafwang, I.I., and Adeyinka, I.A (2008). Effect of dietary levels of cooked lab purpurues beans on the performance of broiler chickens. American Journal of Food Technology. 3(1):42-49.
[2]. AOAC (1990). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official method of analysis (15th edition). Vol.1, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
[3]. Gallinger, C.I., Suarez D.M., and Irazusta, A. (2004). Effects of rice bran inclusion on performance and bone mineralization in broiler chicks. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 13: 183-19.
[4]. Idachaba, C., Abeke,F., Olugbemi, T. and Ademu, A. (2013b). Influence of granite grit on nutrient digestibility and homological parameters of broiler chicken fed rice offal based diets. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 16:106-1064.
[5]. Isikwenu, J.O., Omeje, S.I., and Okagbare, G.O. (2005). Improving the nutritive value of brewer's dried grain by urea treatment and fermentation. Proceedings: 1st Nigeria International Poultry Summit. 20-25 Feb, 2005. Ogun state. Nigeria.

ABSTRACT: This work was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 to assess the molecular systematic and genetic relationship between two Mentha longfolia ecotypes, which collected from South Sinai (St. Catharine) and Siwa Oasis in Egypt through ISSR molecular markers, Then evaluating the productivity of them under different ecological conditions. The experiment was conducted at two different locations in newly reclaimed lands as follows: Baloza (North Sinai Governorate) and Siwa Oasis (Matrouh Governorate). The results of molecular markers showed high similarity values between the studied ecotypes were 92%. ISSR analysis confirmed that the Mentha.........

Key words: Mentha, Molecular Systematic, ISSR, Productivity, essential oil, ecotypes.

[1]. A.I. Hussain, F. Anwar, S. Rasheed, P.S. Nigam, O. Janneh and S.D. Sarker,.Composition and potential antibacterial, anticancer, antimalarial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils from two Origanum species growing in Pakistan. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy – Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 21, 2011, 943-952.
[2]. Z.K. Shinwari, S. Sultan and T. Mehmood, Molecular and morphological characterization of selected Mentha species. Pak. J. Bot., 43(3), 2011,1433-1436.
[3]. J. Bunsawat, N.E. Elliott, K.L. Hertweck, E. Sproles and L.A. Alice, Phylogenetics of Mentha (Lamiaceae): Evidence from Chloroplast DNA Sequences". Systematic Botany, 29(4), 2004, 959-64.
[4]. R.M. Harley, S. Atkins, A.L. Budantsev, P.D. Cantino, B.J. Conn, R. Grayer, M.M. Harley, R. De Kok, T. Krestovskaja, R. Morales, A. Paton, O. Ryding and T. Upson, Labiatae. In: Kadereit JW, ed. The families and genera of vascular plants, Vol. VII. – flowering plants: dicotyledons (Lamiales except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 2004. 167-275.
[5]. A.O. Tucker, and F.C. Naczi, "Mentha: An Overview of its Classification and Relationships". In Lawrence, Brian M. Mint: The Genus Mentha. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group,2007

ABSTRACT: Significant differences were observed among the varieties for incidence of physiological disorders and least incidence of physiological disorders like riceyness, leafiness, hairiness and buttoning was observed for NS 60N, G 45, Himpriya 60 Himshort and Pusa Meghna. Least incidence of important biotic stress factors like leaf caterpillar (Spodoptera litura), Alternaria blight (Alternaria brassicae), soft rot (Pythium sp.) and Choanephora rot (Choanephora sp.). was observed in NS 60N, Himpriya 60, G 45 and Himshort

Key words: Physiological disorder, buttoning, riceyness, leafiness, hairiness

[1]. Chand, N. K. and Tripathi, A. K. 2008. Biology of Spodoptera litura (Fab) on different host plants. Zoological Society of India
7(2):57-61.
[2]. Deep, S. and Sharma, P. 2012. Host age as predisposing factor for incidence of black leaf spot of cauliflower caused
by Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola. Indian Phytopath. 65(1): 71-75.
[3]. Gopalakrishnan, T. R. 2004. Three decades of vegetable research in Kerala Agricultural University. Kerala Agricultural University,
Thrissur, pp 130- 131.
[4]. Huey, R. B. and Berrigan, D. 2001. Temperature, demography, and ectotherm fitness. Am. Nat. 158: 204–210.
[5]. Huffaker, C., Berryman, A. and Turchin, P. 1999. Dynamics and regulation of insect populations. In: Huffaker, C. B., Gutierrez, A.
P. (eds.). Ecological Entomology. Wiley, New York, pp. 269–305.

ABSTRACT: Background: Due to the fact that rice straw is available especially in the northern part of Nigeria, feeding only rice straw does not provide enough nutrients to the ruminant animals to maintain high production levels due to the low nutritive value of this highly lignified material. Therefore, ensiling rice straw with processed soybean meal will be helpful to improve the nutritive value of the straw for better nutrient intake and weight gain in animal feeding. The objectives of the........

Key words: Rice straw - soya bean meal – ensiling - physical characteristics - chemical compositions

[1]. Adebowale, E.A and Taiwo, A.A. (1996). Utilization of crop residues and agro-industrial By- products as complete diet for West African Dwarf Sheep and Goats. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 23(1): 153-160.
[2]. Ahmad S., Khan, M. J., Shahjalal M., Islam M. S. (2001). Effects of feeding urea and soybean meal treated rice straw on digestibility of feed nutrients and growth performance of bull calves. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15(4) 522-527.
[3]. Alam, M.K., Sasaki, M., Al-Mamun, M. and Sano, H. (2013). Plasma acetate turnover rate and rumen fermentation characteristics in sheep fed rice straw supplemented with soybean meal. J. of Anim. Sci. Adv. 3(2): 65-73.
[4]. Ali-Balogun, J.K., Lakpini, C.A.M., Alawa, J.P., Mohammad A. and Nwanla, J.A.,(2003). Evaluation of cassava foliage as a protein supplement for sheep. Nig. J. Anim. Prod. 23(1): 153-160.
[5]. Federal Department of Livestock and Pest Control Services (FDLPCS, 1992). The Nigerian Livestock Resource Survey, Abuja. 2:

ABSTRACT: The entrepreneurship is a critical input of socio-economic development of society the entrepreneur not only brings economic change in economy but also socially and culturally. In present study an attempt was made to understand entrepreneurial behavior of tribal farmers in Jharkhand state data was collected using pre structure interview schedule from 120 farmers selected randomly from Kharsawan block of Saraikela – Kharsawan district of Jharkhand. Respondents were found to possess medium level of decision making ability, risk taking ability , achievement motivation ,level of knowledge ,leadership ability and cosmopoliteness where
as innovativeness, planning ability and self confidence were low information sources utilization and level of aspiration were found to influence entrepreneurial behavior of the farmers. Entrepreneurship development programme based on the attributes identified in the study would further boast entrepreneurial interest of the state in future.

[1]. Chandramouli, P.(2005). A study of entrepreneurial behaviour of farmers in Raichur district of Karnataka. M.Sc. thesis, University
of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka.
[2]. Desai, Vasanth. (1991). Entrepreneurial Development. Bombay: Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
[3]. Drucker, P. (1964), Cited in V. Desai's book, Entrepreneurial Development, Vol. I, p. 37, Himalaya Publishing House,Mumbai.
[4]. Nagesha, B.(2006). A study of entrepreneurial behaviour of pomegranate growers in Bagalkot district. M.Sc. thesis, University of
Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka.
[5]. Sinha, M and Pandey, D.K.(2012). Aquaculture and fisheries potential for blue revolution in North-East. Kurukshetra, 61(1):40-
42.

ABSTRACT: Various problems related to the production of beef cattle faced became an essential issue in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the risk of small-scale beef cattle farmers production, to know the behavior of beef cattle farmers on the production risk, and also to know the effect of input use to production risk in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, between the farmers of fattening beef cattle self-ownership and partnership systems. A survey was conducted in Sleman, Gunungkidul, Bantul, and Kulonprogo Regencies, using purposive sampling method. The respondents are 240 beef cattle farmers who were interviewed using structured questionnaires, divided into 120 self-ownership and 120 partnership farmers. The technique used is the analysis of coefficient of variation (CV), calculation of aversion value on risk or amount of K(s), and multiple linear regression analysis with a heteroscedastic method.........

Key words: beef fattening, partnership, risk behavior, self-ownership, yogyakarta

[1]. A.O.K. Adesehinwa, J.O. Okunola, and M.K. Adewumi, Socio-economic characteristics of ruminant livestock farmers and their production constraints in some parts of South-western Nigeria. Journal Livestock Research for Rural Development, 16(8), 2004, 1-10.
[2]. J.R. Anderson, J.L. Dillon, and J.B. Hardaker, Agricultural Decision Analysis. Ames, Iowa: The Iowa State University Press, 1997.
[3]. S. Baba, A. Muktiani, A. Ako, and B. Ibrahim, Barriers to Adoption of Integration Technology of Maize and Cattle in South Sulawesi, Proceeding of National Seminar on Sustainable Livestock V, Bandung - Indonesia, November 12-13rd 2013.
[4]. K. Bishu, S. O'Reilly, E. Lahiff, and B. Steiner, Cattle Farmer's Perceptions of Risk and Risk Management Strategies. MPRA Paper, 2016.
[5]. P.H. Calkin and D.D. DiPietre, Farm Business Management Successful Decisions in a Changing Environment. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company Inc, 1983

ABSTRACT: A laboratory experiment was carried out to study some hydraulic properties such as soil water retention curve (SWRC), pore size distribution (PSD), and specific water capacity (SWC), for three differenttextured soils (sandy loam (SL), silt loam (SiL), and silt clay loam(SiCL)). The SWRC was estimated, and the equation of van Genuchten was used to determine the best-fit parameter α, n, and m for experimental data of water content- pressure head [θ(h)] which have nonlinear relationship. This study includes an experimental investigation of the effect of soil particles on PSD. The change in water content θ of soil per unit change in pressure head h was used to.........

Key words:capillary rise equation, pore size distribution, differential water capacity, pore diameter, van Genuchten equation.

[1]. D. Hillel, Introduction to Environmental Soil Physics (Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam., 2004).
[2]. N. J. Jarvis, A review of non-equilibrium water flow and solute transport in soil macropores: principles, controlling factors and
consequences for water quality, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 58. 2007, 523-546.
[3]. J. Lipiec, J. Arvidsson, and E. Murer, Review of modeling crop growth, movement of water and chemicals in relation to topsoil and
subsoil compaction, Soil Till. Res.,73, 2003, 15-29.
[4]. J. R. Nimmo, Porosity and pore size distribution, in D. Hillel (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, 3 (London, Elsevier,
2004) 295-303.
[5]. L. Abdollahi, L. J. Munkholm, and A. Garbout, Tillage system and cover crop effects on soil quality: II. Pore characteristics, Soil
Sci. Soc. Am. J., 78, 2014, 271-279.

ABSTRACT: The present study conducted from November 2013 to February 2014 was necessary for a diagnosis of fishing on the artisanal fishing site of Dioulabougou on Lake Kossou. The data collected revealed a fishing effort of 1.58 fishermen per km2 and an average monthly production of 36.01 tons of fish at the Dioulabougou site. The highest production coincides with the low of the water level and the lowest production with the rise of the water level. These catches are dominated by the Cichlidae family (33.33%).

Key words: Artisanal fishing, Catches, Fishing effort, Côte d'Ivoire, Man-made lake

[1]. FAO, La situation mondiale des pêches et de l'aquaculture. FAO, Rome (Italy), 2010, 244 p.
[2]. PMEDP, Document du projet pilote de l'amélioration de l'environnement politique et institutionnel pour le développement de
système de cogestion en pêche continentale au Burkina-Faso, au Mali, en Côte d'Ivoire et au Ghana. Rapport terminal, Unité de
Support Régional, Cotonou (Benin), 2007, 55 p.
[3]. D. Paugy, C. Lévêque, G.G. Teugels, Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Tome 1. MRAC,
Tervuren. 2003a, 457p.
[4]. D. Paugy, C. Lévêque, G.G. Teugels, Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Tome 2. MRAC,
Tervuren. 2003b, 815p.
[5]. R. Laë, Estimation des rendements de pêche des lacs africains au moyen de modèles empiriques. Aquatic Living Resources,
10(2), 1997, 83-92.

ABSTRACT: This study compared of the Performance of Farmers' Cooperatives in Ikwerre and Etche Local Government Areas of Rivers State. Specifically the study sought to examine the performance of farmers' cooperative in Ikwerre Local Government Area, Examine the performance of farmers' cooperative in Etche Local Government Area and Compare the performance of farmers' cooperative in Ikwerre and Etche Local Government Areas. The data was sourced from primary source. Data was collected through well-structured copies of questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (mean scores) and inferential statistics (T-test) analysis were used for the analysis of data collected. The results showed that the performance of farmers' cooperative was 2.70 implying that the cooperatives performed to a great extent...............

Key words: Cooperative Societies, Farmers, Cooperative Performance.

[1]. Chambo, S.A. (2009). Global issues affecting cooperatives in Africa.
[2]. ICA (2010). International Cooperative Alliance. Retrieved 1, July, 2017 from http://www.ica.coop/.ss.
[3]. Ijere, M.O. (1977). The prospects of Employment Creation through Cooperatives in Nigeria; Journal of Rural Development and
Cooperative Studies, 2(2), 70-77.
[4]. Nweze, N. J. (2003). Cooperative Promotion in Rural Communities; The Project Approach. Nigeria Journal of Cooperative Studies,
2(2), 76-78.
[5]. Virendra Kumar, Wankhede K. G. & Gena, H. C. (2015). "Role of Cooperatives Improving livelihood of farmers on sustainable
Basic: American Journal of Educational Research.Vol.3 (10), 1258-1266.
[6]. Vitaliano, P. (1995). Cooperative enterprise: An alternative conceptual basis for analyzing a complex institution. American Journal
of Agricultural Economics 65(5), 1078-1083.

ABSTRACT: Price which fluctuates is a major factor in price risk. Furthermore, higher price risk will have an impact on reducing farmer household welfare. This study aims to analyze the impact of price risk on household welfare of shallots farmers in Sigi district with a sample of 210 respondents. The results showed that the highest price expectation on medium land was Rp35,500 per kilogram and the lowest was in a narrow area of Rp34,000 per kilogram. The highest price risk occurs on large land (standard deviation of 6033.44) and the lowest is on medium land (standard deviation of 5697.23). A 5% price risk increase has the effect on reducing onion, non onion and non-farm farming income. Total household income and household expenditure decreased so that welfare decreased..

Key words: Impact, Price Risk, Welfare, Farmer Household, Red Onion

[1] J.Y. Braun, Agricultural Commercialization: Impacts on Income and Nutrition and Implications for Policy, Food Policy, 20(3),
1995, 87-202.
[2] Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Statistik Produksi Hortikultura (Palu, ID: BPS Sulawesi Tengah, 2017).
[3] S. Budiningsih, Pujiharto, Analisis Risiko Usahatani Bawang Merah di Desa Klikiran Kecamatan Jatibarang Kabupaten Brebes,
Agritech, 8(1), 2006, 127-143.
[4] Dinas Pertanian Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, Laporan Tahunan. Subdin Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura (Palu, ID: Dinas
Pertanian Sulawesi Tengah, 2017).
[5] D.L. Debertin, Agricultural Production Economics (New York, US: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986).

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to determine the key factors that affecting the productivity of small holder cacao farming in Indonesia; to study the multiple variables corelated to the productivity of small holder cacao farming in Indonesia; and to design the appropriate policy that will increase the productivity of small holder cacao farming in Indonesia.This study using structural equation modelling (SEM) as primary research method, this paper identifies variables and factors affecting the productivity among cacao farmers in Indonesia. An empirical survey was conducted on three main cacao production regions in the Sulawesi Island of Indonesia, namely the Parigi Moutong district, the Sigi district and the Pinrang district. Primary data collected from the survey were analysed using the confirmatory........

Key words: Structural equation modelling, farming system, agriculture policy analysis

[1.] Syadullah, M., 2012. The impact of exit policies on exports and cocoa processing industries [Dampakkebijakankeluarterhadapekspor dan industripengolahankakao]. BuletinIlmiahLitbangPerdagangan, 6(1): 53-68. [in
Indonesian].
[2.] Indonesian Directorate General of Plantation. 2017. Plantation Statistics Indonesia. 2016-2018 Cocoa [Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia. 2016-2018 Kakao], Ministry of Agriculture Republic Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. [in Indonesian].
[3.] Wijayanti, V.R.,2010.Cocoa Farming and Farmer Economic Level in Banjarsari Village, Kalibawang District, Kulon Progo Regency [UsahataniKakao dan Tingkat EkonomiPetani di DesaBanjarsariKecamatanKalibawangKabupatenKulonProgo] [Essay]. Yogyakarta National University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. [in Indonesian].
[4.] Haryono, D., Soetriono, Hartadi, R., and Aji, J.M.M., 2011. Analysis of competitiveness and impact of government policy on cocoa production in East Java [Analisisdayasaing dan dampakkebijakanpemerintahterhadapproduksikakao di Jawa Timur]. Journal of
Social and Agricultural Economics, 5(2): 72-82. [in Indonesian].
[5.] Indonesian Directorate General of Plantation. 2016. Plantation Statistics Indonesia. 2016-2018 Cocoa [Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia. 2016-2018 Kakao], Ministry of Agriculture Republic Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. [in Indonesian].

ABSTRACT: Bacterial wilt disease is one of the major diseases in banana. In Malaysia, banana blood disease (BBD) is caused by the blood disease bacterium (BDB) A2 HR MARDI (Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebensis). This disease bears similarities in symptomatology with Moko disease which caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and BBD in Indonesia, which caused by BDB R229. To determine the symptoms and host range of BDB, a pathogenicity test and host range study were carried out. In this study, there are four stages of external and internal symptoms which were observed. The pathogenicity of the bacterium cultures was then tested on banana,
tomato and heliconia plantlets to determine the host range for BDB. To reconfirm that the banana was infected with BDB, re-isolation of BDB........

Key words:Banana, Blood Disease Bacterium, Host Range, Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebensis, and Symptomatology

[1]. FAOSTAT online database. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.fao.org.banana/ production/ in/the/world/en.
[2]. Darvari, F. M., Sariah, M., Puad, M. P., & Maziah, M. (2010). Micropropagation of some Malaysian banana and plantain (Musa
sp.) cultivars using male flowers. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(16), 2360-2366.
[3]. Ministry of Agriculture (2016). Chapter 15: Transitioning from Agricuture to Agribusiness. Retrieved from http://www.moa.gov.my.
[4]. FAOSTAT online database. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.fao.org.banana/ production/ in/the/world/en.

[5]. Husain, M. & R. William (2011). Status of Banana Cultivation and Diseases Incidences in Malaysia. Department of Agriculture
Malaysia. Retrieved from http:// http://www.itfnet.org/Download/Banana_Workshop2011/1.pdf

ABSTRACT: This research was carried out to analyze the rate and typology of the growth of agricultural subsectors in Banjar Regency uses Klassen typology analysis. Based on Klassen typology analysis,subsectors that can be categorized as an advanced sector and growing rapidly (Quadrant I) is an annual horticulture, forestry, and fisheries, then there is no sub-sector into quadrant II (advanced but depressed).Klassen typology analysis also shows that in this regency there are many subsectors are categorized as potential sectors or they could thrive (Quadrant III).These sectors are the sectors of food crops, seasonal plantation and annual plantation. Then the results of the Klassen typology analysis showed that the seasonal horticulture and livestock sub-sectors in Banjar Regency were classified as relatively lagging sectors (Quadrant IV)..

Key words: Economic Growth, Agricultural Subsector, Klassen Typology Analysis.

[1]. Arsyad L. 2002. Ekonomi Pembangunan. UPP STIM YKPM. Yogyakarta.
[2]. Badan Pusat StatistikKabupaten Banjar. 2016. ProdukDomestik Regional BrutoKabupaten BanjarmenurutLapangan Usaha Tahun
2012-2016. Martapura. BPS Kabupaten Banjar.
[3]. Badan Pusat StatistikKabupaten Banjar. 2014.ProfilRuta Usaha Tani Hasil SensusPertanian2013. Martapura. BPS Kabupaten
Banjar
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Hasil ST2013 Subsektor. Banjarmasin : BPS Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan.