IOSR-JAVS   Volume-12 ~ Issue-3 ~ MARCH-2019

ABSTRACT: The study examined causality between credit to agriculture and ginger production in Nigeria from 1991 to 2015. Primary data for the study were obtained from the website of Food and Agriculture Organisation. Phillips-Perron test, an interpolated Dickey-Fuller, suitable for small sample (n < 30), was used to test for unit root. Descriptive statistics were used for preliminary analysis. Pairwise Granger causality test, after generating vector autoregression, was the central model for analysis. The unit root test showed that the variables were stationary at first difference. The descriptive result shows that credit to agriculture (Nm) had a mean of N3,643,961.00 and coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.20, indicating variability by 120% from the mean. Ginger had a mean and coefficient of.......

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[3]. Erinle ID. An overview of research of ginger production in the northern states of Nigeria. A paper presented at the 1st National Workshop on Ginger. National Root Crop Research Institute (NRCRI) Umudike, Nigeria, October 17th-21st, 1988; P. 8
[4]. Ezeagu W. Ginger export. A paper presented a3-day National Workshop on massive cassava and ginger production and processing for local industries and export; held at Fati Musa Hall, National centre for women development, Abuja. 2006.
[5]. Dauda GK, Waziri MS. Processing ginger into drinks and spices in GidanWaya. Journal of Vocational and Technical Educators, 2006;6(1), 211-219..

ABSTRACT: This research aims to showing the effect of the economic factors which in buffalo milk production in area of Badoosh in Nineveh governorate for season 2017, and scope of realizing the optimality in using these factors through estimating or deficit in size of using quantities from these factors, and the limiting optimality ratios from them, and by using the multiple regression falling and style of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and the statistical program (Deap) for estimating the economic efficiency, including estimating the optimality ratios in using the economic resources for sample of (40) fields, The results showing that there is a various effect for these factors in production of buffalo milk in sample of research,the variable size of the herd had the..........

Keywords: production functions, economical efficiency, optimality, data envelopment analysis

[1]. AL- Faqq- Abdul Latif Attieh 2013. A study of the Economics of Milk Production in the AL Nahttal area in Alexandria, The Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Economic 58 (1).
[2]. AL- Jamas, Radi Khattab 1997. Stabilization of the formal qualities and productivity of the Iraqi Buffalo in Badush. Ph. D Thesis. collage of Agriculture and forestry- University of Mosul.
[3]. AL- Knet, Mohammed AL- Hamad 1993. Econometrical A standard Economic Study of some Factors Affecting the induction of Raw Milk in Specialized Dairy projects in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Journal of king Saud University Agricultural Sciences, Issue 1, Volume 7.
[4]. AL- Thanu, Taha Ahmed, Samir Estefan and Anan Jabbar 2001. The Effect of Some Environmental Factors in the Management of the Iraqi Buffalo, Basra Journal of Agricultural Sciences Volume (14) Issue(1).
[5]. Bahrmz, Asmai Muhammad 1996. Data Envelopment Analysis. Using Linear Programming in measuring the Efficiency of Relative units Management general, Volume (26), number (2)...

ABSTRACT: Oestrusovis is a dipterous insect of obligatoryparasitosis, a cosmopolitan larviparus belonging to the Family Oestridae, which gives rise to severe cavitarymyiasis in grazing and stabled caprine and ovine that are bred in different parts of the world. It is considered a very well adapted parasite, difficult to eradicate, and one that affects the well-being and yield of the host, diminishing the profitability of caprine and ovine exploitation. This parasitosisalso affects other wild and domestic animals. The current status of caprine oestrosisin the Comarca Lagunerais unknown. Thus,in order to calculate the prevalence of Oestrusovisin caprine livestock of the North of Mexico,we carried out our investigation.......

Keywords: Oestrusovis,Prevalence, Goats, Myiasis, Horned botfly

[1]. Dorchies P, Bergeaud JP, Tabouret G, Duranton C, Prevot F, Jacquiet P. Prevalence and larval burden of Oestrusovis (Linnaeus, 1761) in sheep and goats in northern Mediterranean region of France.Vet Parasitol2000;88(3-4):269-273.
[2]. Özdal N, Tanritanir P, Ilhan F, Değer S. The prevalence of ovine oestrosis (Oestrusovis Linnaeus, 1761, Diptera: Oestridae) and risk factors in Eastern Turkey. Vetarhiv2016; 86(3):323-333.
[3]. Bosly AH. Molecular identification studies on Oestrusovis L. (Diptera:Oestridae) larvae infested sheep in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Indian J AnimRes2018; 52(1):105-110.
[4]. Gómez-Puerta LA, Alroy KA, Ticona DS, López-Urbina MT, Gónzález AE. A case of nasal myiasisdue to Oestrusovis (Diptera: Oestridae) in a llama (Lama glama). RevBrasParasitolVetJaboticabal2013;22(4):608-610.
[5]. El-Tahawy A.The prevalence of selected diseases and syndromes affecting Barki sheep with special emphasis on their economic impact.Small Ruminant Res2010;90:83-87..

ABSTRACT: The study examined the entrepreneurial dynamics in inherent in urban agriculture within Greater Accra. Other objectives of the study are to examine the challenges encountered by urban agricultural farmers and viability of urban agriculture. The study used questionnaire to determine the nature of the variables on urban farmers within the Greater Accra Region. The findings indicated that entrepreneurial dynamics are inherent in urban agriculture and found that the major challenges facing farmers in Greater Accra has to do with land tenure. Other findings indicate that urban farming is a viable in the medium to long-term. The researchers therefore recommend policy..........

[1]. Thoreau, C. (2010).Developing an Adaptive Framework that Encourages and Promotes the Development of Entrepreneurial Urban Farming in Vancouver, Urban Agricultural Projects, http://cmthoreau.wordpress.com/entrepreneurial-urban-farming-thesis, September.
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[5]. Knight, F. (1921) Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin...

ABSTRACT: Purple Ipê (Handroanthus impetiginosus Mart. ex DC. Mattos) is a tree of South America, known for reforestation use, medicinal use and as hardwood. Its seeds are very sensitive and need to be processed and stored under strict conditions to ensure their germination capacity. Analysis of their hygroscopic behaviour serves as a basis for studies on drying processes and storage conditions. The aim of this paper is to determine the desorption isotherms of Purple Ipê whole seeds, husk and endosperm at 20°C, 30°C and 40°C with subsequent analysis of the multilayer......

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Keywords: reforestation, seeds storage conditions, sorption isotherms

[1]. M. Taguchi, Fábrica de Árvores, Globo Rural, São Paulo, 2016.
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ABSTRACT: Transfer of technology (ToT) refers to the process where the technology is transferred from the pioneer to the middlemen, and to the recipients. In the Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB), the researcher has developed a new technology and has transferred the new technology to the extension agents; thus, extension agents are responsible to deliver it to farmers. To enhance the productivity of cocoa, the technology should be fully utilised by farmers. This study, hence, determined the level of ToT towards work performance. This study used the technique of stratified random sampling. A total of 315 productive cocoa farmers were sampled to evaluate the work performance of extension agents by using structured questions to gain responses from the farmers. The findings showed that technical skill has a significant value towards work performance. This concludes that good technical skill for both extension agents and farmers can enhance work performance. This ascertains a boost in farm productivity.

Keywords: Transfer of technology; extension agents; work performance; farm productivity

[1]. Altalb, A. A. T., Filipek, T., &Skowron, P. (2015). The Role of Agricultural Extension in the Transfer and Adoption of Agricultural Technologies. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences (ISSN: 2321–1571), 3(05).
[2]. Anandajayasekeram P, Puskur R, SinduWorkneh and Hoekstra D. 2008. Concepts and practices in agricultural extension in developing countries: A source book. IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute), Washington, DC, USA, and ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 275 pp.
[3]. Aremu, P. A., Kolo, N., Gana, A. K., &Adelere, F. (2015). The crucial role of extension workers in agricultural technologies transfer and adoption. Glob. Adv. Res. J. Food Sci. Technol, 4, 014-018.
[4]. Baig, M. B., &Aldosari, F. (2013). Agricultural extension in Asia: Constraints and options for improvement. J. Ani Plant Sci, 23, 619-632.
[5]. Khalil, O., Hassan, A., Ismail, M., Suandi, T., &Silong, A. D. (2008). EXTENSION WORKER AS A LEADER TO FARMERS: INFLUENCE OF EXTENSION LEADERSHIP COMPETENCIES AND ORGANISATIONAL COMMITMENT ON EXTENSION WORKERS'PERFORMANCE IN YEMEN. Journal of International Social Research, 1(4)...

ABSTRACT: This study was aimed to characterize the sero-prevalence and histopathological lesions on infectious bronchitis (IB) in non vaccinated layers and broiler chickens in Al Jabel El-Khdar - Libya using Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) and ELISA test. A total of 150 serum samples were collected from non vaccinated layers and broiler chickens for serological IB investigation. IB antibodies were detected in serum samples using AGID test and ELISA test. All tested farms were ELISA positive for IB antibodies, the percent of positivity were 42% and 75% in samples from broiler and layer chicken respectively. Severe clinical signs and gross lesions in infected chickens included........

Keywords: Serology , histopathology , infectious bronchitis virus , non vaccinated laying and broiler chicken and Agar Gel Immunodiffusion and ELISA test

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[3]. Bande F., Arshad S., Omar A., Bejo M H., Abubakar M S. and Abba Y. (2016). Pathogenesis and diagnostic approaches of avian infectious bronchitis. Advances in Virology, 2016:1-11.
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to determine the effect of sodium butyrate microencapsulated in balm fat (NaB) on performance, clinical and pathological pictures, virulence gene expression and electromicroscopy of E. coli infection (colisepticaemia) in broiler chickens. One day-old chickens (n=90) allotted into 3 equal groups (1-3) with 3 replicates of 10 each were used in this study. Duration of the experiment extended from one day of age up to slaughter (35 days). The birds fed mash diet for 3 phases: starter (1-14 days), grower (15-28 days) and finisher (29-35 days). Birds of group1 (T) fed on NaB in the following dietary levels; starter diet: 1 kg/ton, grower diet: 0.5 kg/ton and finisher diet: 0.25 kg/ton. Chickens of groups 2 (PC) and 3 (NC) fed on plain ration. For experimental........

Keywords: Sodium butyrate microencapsulated in balm fat, chicken performance, colisepticaemia, E. coli electromicroscopy, E. coli virulence genes.

[1]. Adil S., G. Banday, M. Bhat, M. Salahuddin, T. Ahmad Raquib and S. Shanaz, 2011. Response of broiler chicken to dietary supplementation of organic acids. J. Central Eur. Agric., 12: 498-508.
[2]. Aghazadeh, A. M. and TahaYazdi, M. (2012). Effect of butyric acid supplementation and whole wheat inclusion on the performance and carcass traits of broilers. South Africa African Journal of Animal Sciences, 42 (3): 241-248.
[3]. Ahmed, A. M.; Shimamoto, T.; Shimamoto, T.(2013): Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from septicemic broilers.International Journal of Medical Microbiology; 2013. 303(8):475-483.
[4]. Ahsan, U., Cengiz, Ö, Raza, I., Kuter, E., Chacher, M., Iqbal, Z., . . . Çakir, S. (2016). Sodium butyrate in chicken nutrition: The dynamics of performance, gut microbiota, gut morphology, and immunity. World's Poultry Science Journal, 72(2), 265-275. doi:10.1017/S0043933916000210
[5]. Allan, B.J., Van den Hurk, J. V. and Potter, A.A. (1993). Characterization of E. coli isolated from cases of avian colibacillosis. Can. J. Vet. Res.; 57(3): 146-151.

ABSTRACT: The impacts on forage quantity and quality depend on the region and period of growth and climate variations caused by the times of the year may even become a wasteland. One of the exits employed in field is the use of supplementary feeding, with focused commercials, which often increase the cost of the final product. On the above, this study aimed to use optimization to formulate an additional minimum cost diet for cattle with an average weight of 250 kg of daily nutritional requirement for weight gain of 1.2 kg/day with the use of specific software was linear programming can be performed by means of an objective function involving the nutritional variables, corn, soybean meal, wheat bran and having an answer the supplementary diet optimized value at a lower cost. At the end of the survey was possible to conclude that the variable of greatest influence was the bran and the use of optimization allows you to achieve the lowest possible cost in the formulation of bovine diet given the nutritional requirements, which makes this tool important in sustainable management of agricultural production..

Keywords: Linear Programming; Ruminants; Supplementary feeding

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[2]. Belanche A, Martín-García AI, Fernández-Álvarez J, Pleguezuelos J, Mantecón AR, Yáñez-ruiz DR. Optimizing management of dairy goat farms through individual animal data interpretation: A case study of smart farming in Spain, Agricultural Systems. 2019;173(1):27-38.
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