IOSR-JAVS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2020

ABSTRACT: In this study the chemical composition, in vitro drymatter digestibility (IVDMD) and palatabilityof five browse forage mixtures were studied. The five forage mixtures were selected based ontheir nutritive value and in vitro dry matter digestibility and from reported previous studies of single species.The species included Acacia brevispica, Acacia mellifera, Acacia nilotica, Zizyphus mucronata and Berchemia discolor. In vitro gas production technique was used to determine the rumen fermentation characteristics. Palatabilityof the browse forage mixtures was determined based on the mixture's voluntary intakebya cafeteria approach on growing small East African goats. The CP content ranged from 153.9 g/kg DM in B. discolor &A. nilotica forage mixture to 184.4 g/kg DM in Z. mucronata & A......

Keywords: chemical composition,digestibility, in vitrogas production, palatability, supplementation

[1]. Abdulrazak S A, Fujihara T, Ondiek J O and Ørskov E R 2000: Nutritive evaluation of some acacia from Kenya. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology 85: 89-98.
[2]. Aganga A A, Ompole U J and Balegeng L 2001: Performance of Tswana goats fed Acacia Mellifera, Euclea Undulate and Peltophorum Africanum as Supplements to Buffel Grass. Arch Zootec 50: 383-386.
[3]. AOAC 1990: Official Methods of the Association of Analytical Chemists 15th Ed Vol, I, Arlington, Virginia, U.S.A
[4]. Bamikole M A, Babayemi O J, Arigbede O M and Ikhatua U J 2003 Nutritive value of Ficus religiosa in West Africa Dwarf goats.Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology 105: 71-79.
[5]. Barry T N and McNabb W C 1999 The implications of condensed tannins on the nutritive value of temperate forages fed to ruminants. British Journal of Nutrition 81: 263–272

ABSTRACT: Background:Mushrooms are very appreciated with population and are part of non-wood forest products. They represent a source of income and contribute to the well-being of populations. This study aims to enhance edible mushrooms through trials of cultivation of valued species in order to vulgarize them and fight against poverty. Materials and Methods: From a literature review Auricularia cornea, Agrocybeelegantior, Coprinus sp., Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinussquarrosulus, Marasmiellusinoderma, Pleurotusflabellatus, Pleurotusostreatus, Psathyrellatuberculata and, Volvariella volvacea were selected for testing on four substrates organic local. These species were inoculated on agar medium and transplanted onto sorghum soaked for 24 hours in order to obtain seeds. The seeds of A. elegantior, L. squarrosulus, M. inoderma and P. ostreatus were tested on rice straw substrates, banana leaves, palm cobs and sawdust. The average yield obtained was recorded and compared......

Keywords: Edible mushroom yield, seed production, substrate

[1]. Loubelo E. Impact des produits forestiers non ligneux (PFNL) sur l'économie des ménages et la sécurité alimentaire : cas de la République du Congo. Thèse de Doctorat, Université Rennes 2 (France).2012 ;261p. [2]. Boot R G A. Extraction of non-timber forest products from tropical rain forests. Does diversity come at a price? NertherlandsJournal of Agricultural Science.1997; 45:439-450. [3]. Dossou M E, Houessou G L, Lougbégnon O T, Tenté A H B, Codjia JTC.Etude ethnobotanique des ressources forestières ligneuses de la forêt marécageuse d'Agonvè et terroirs connexes au Bénin. Tropicultura.2012 ; 30(1):41–48. [4]. Buyck B. Ubwoba, champignons comestibles de l'Ouest de Burundi. Administration Générale Coopération pour le Développent, Agriculture.1994 ;34: 123 p. [5]. Härkönen M, Niemelä T, Mwasumbi L. TanzanianMushrooms. Edible, harmful and other fungi, Noorlinea 10. Helsinki. Botanical Museum Finnish Museum of National History, University of Helsinki.2003;200 p.

ABSTRACT: Background: Feed additives are a group of nutrient and non-nutrient compounds which helps farmers in improving the efficiency of feed utilization and thus reducing the high cost of feed. The current study aimed to determine some reproductive performances of local Kabir rooster fed with diets supplemented with thyme (Thymus vulgaris, Lamiaceae) powder. Materials and Methods: A total of 40kabir chicks were divided into four groups on the basis of the diet. One group (T0) received a basal diet (control),two others received a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% (T5) and 1% (T10) of thyme powder while the fourth (TOxy) received a commercial antibiotic, Oxykel 80 WP (0.5g/L H2O). From the 24th week old, six roosters of each group were bred with females and eggs were collected and incubated to evaluate fertility and hatchability. At 28th week, the.......

Keywords: Thymus vulgaris, feed supplementation, reproductive parameters, Kabir rooster

[1]. Abou-Elkhair, R., Gaafar, K. M., Elbahy, N. M., Helal, M. A., Mahboub, H. D., &Sameh, G. (2014). Bioactive effect of dietary supplementation with essential oils blend of oregano, thyme and garlic oils on performance of broilers infected with Eimeria species. Global Veterinaria, 13(6), 977-985.
[2]. ADWAN, G. M., Abu-Shanab, B., Adwan, K., & Abu-Shanab, F. (2007). Antibacterial effects of nutraceutical plants growing in Palestine on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Turkish Journal of Biology, 30(4), 239-242.
[3]. Al-Sa'aidi, J. A. A., Al-Khuzai, A. L. D., & Al-Zobaydi, N. F. H. (2009). Effect of alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa on fertility in male rats. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 23.
[4]. Amarti, F., Satrani, B., Ghanmi, M., Aafi, A., Farah, A., Aarab, L., ... & Chaouch, A. (2011). Activité antioxydante et composition chimique des huiles essentielles de quatre espèces de thym du Maroc. Acta botanica gallica, 158(4), 513-523.

ABSTRACT: experiment was carried out in a storage cubicle at Department of Crop Production Technology, Fed-eral Polytechnic, Bali to determine the efficacy of various neem products in the control of storage insect pests (Callosobruchusmaculatus) of cowpea (Vignaunguiculata). Three kilograms of the beans was put into three (25 cm x 30 cm) cotton bags and each treated with 75gram neem leaf, bark and seed powder respectively; and ten pairs of both sexes of Callosobruchusmaculatus were introduced into each bag and the set up replicated into 40 (a total of 120 treated bags). Another 40 bags which contained cowpea and the pests without treatment served as control. Each bag was tied with string........

Keywords: Efficacy, neem, storage pest, cowpea

[1]. Agbato, S.O. (2011). Principles and Practices of Crop production. Odumatt Press and Publishers, Oyo. 2nd edition, p. 90. ISBN 978-978-8027-92-8
[2]. Dhaliwal, G.S. and Koul, O. (2013). Bio-Pesticides and Pest Management: Conventional and Biotechnological Approaches. Kaly-ani Publishers, New Delhi.
[3]. El-atta, H.A. (1993). The Effects of Caryedon serratus-olivier(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on Viability and Germination of Seeds of Acacia nilotica (L. Willd, exDel.) in Sudan. Forest Ecological Management. 57: 169-177.
[4]. Ghosh, G.K. (2014). Bio-Pesticides and Integrated Pest Management. APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.
[5]. Inusa, H. (2019). Effects of Cowpea Seeds Inoculation with Cowpea Bruchid (C. maculatus) on Storage Period and Infestation of Cowpea (V. unguiculata) in Semi-Arid Region of Nigeria. Bakundi Journal of Technology, Agriculture and Entreprenuer. Vol. 1 no 1 ISSN: 2672-4081. Pp. 33-37.

ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to examine the factors influencing theuse of organic farming technology among small scale Fluted Pumpkin farmers in south-south zone, of Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed in the selection of location and respondents. The data were collected from 480 small scale organic fluted pumpkin farmers. The primary instrument used for data collected was structured questionnaire. Data obtained was analyzed by descriptive statistics and Logit model. The results of the types of organic farming technology practiced by small scale fluted pumpkin farmers showed that greater proportion (56.70%) of the respondents practiced soil nutrients management, (32.50%) practiced Resource recycling, (29.00%) practiced Ecosystem management and crop Diversity organic technology. The result of Logit model indicated that age, farm size, household access to extension services, access to credit and farming experience were major factors that influenced the use of organic farming technology among small scale fluted pumpkin farmers.

Keywords: Organic Farming Technology, Fluted Pumpkin, Small Scale, Vegetable Farmers

[1]. Agbo, F.U., Iroh. I.I. and Ihemezie, E.J. (2014). Access to Credit by vegetable farmers in Nigeria: A case study of Owerri Agricultural zone of Imo state, Nigeria. Asian Journal ofAgricultural Research, vol. 9(4), pp.155-165, 215.
[2]. Demiryurek, U &Ceyhan,V.(2008). Economics of Organic and conventional hazelnut production in the Teme District of Sumsan Turkey, Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 23(3), 217-227.
[3]. Food and Agriculture Organization. (FAO). (2009). Comparative Analysis of Organic and non- Organic farming systems: A critical analysis of farm profitability, FOA, Rome.
[4]. Gibbon, P. and Bolwig, S. (2007). The economics of certified organic farming in Tropical Africa: A preliminary analysis. Danish institute for international studies (DIIS), Copenhagen, Denmark, pp 34. Subseries on standards and Agro-food Exports (SAFE).
[5]. Halberg, N, & Muller, A (eds) (2013), Organic agriculture for Sustainable livelihoods. Earth Scan, Routledge, UK, pp.280

ABSTRACT: The study was conducted to observe the performance of broiler in low level of dietary nutrients by using citric acid as alternative feed additive to antibiotics. A total number of 84 day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly distributed into four groups each with three replicate cages having seven birds in each. Control diet (T0=22% CP and 3000 Kcal ME/Kg) was commercial broiler where other diets contained T1= (20.70% CP and 2790 Kcal ME/Kg+ 0.5% CA), T2= (20.70% CP and 2790 Kcal ME/Kg + 0.75% CA), T3= (20.70% CP and 2790 Kcal ME/Kg + 1.0% CA). The control group was supplied standard ration and the birds of T1, T2, and T3 received diet with 10% less CP and ME than the control group (T0). Feed and water were supplied on ad libitum basis........

Key words: Broiler, Citric acid, Performance.

[1]. Abdel-Fattah S, EI-Sanhoury NM and Abdul-Azeem, F (2008), Thyroid activity of broiler chicks fed supplemental organic acid. International Journal of Poultry Science, 7, 215-222.
[2]. AdiI S, Tufail B, Gulam AB, Masood S and Manzoor R (2010), Effect of dietary supplementation of organic acids on performance, intestinal histomorphology, and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. Veterinary Medicine International, Article ID 479485.
[3]. Afsharmanesh M and Pourreza J (2005), Effects of calcium, citric acid, ascorbic acid and vitamin D3 on the efficacy of microbial phytase in broiler starters fed wheat based diets. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4, 418-420.
[4]. Andrys R, Klecker D, Zeman I and Marecek E (2003), The effects of changed pH values of feed in isophosphonic diets on chicken broiler performance. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 48, 197-206.
[5]. Atapattu NSBM and Nelligaswatt CJ (2005), Effect of citric acid the performance and utilization of phosphorus and crude protein in broiler chicken fed rice by products based diets. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4, 990-993.

ABSTRACT: The fact that the efficiency of anthelmintic drugs may diminishthrough tenyears of use depending on virousissues, one of these issues includes producers' over-dependence on such chemicals for parasites control, has dragged the concern of many researchers to useothordrugs . Both scanning electron and light microscopic studieswere used ,for the first time, to determine the effect of antimalarial drug primaquine on some gastrointestinal helminthes of sheep following 24 h in vitro incubation. These results were compared with those observed on adult worms exposed to albendazole (reference drug). Two species of helminthes, Monieziaexpansa and Paramphistomummicrobothrium; cestode and trematode representatives were subjected to 10, 20 and 30μg/ml ofprimaquine.Thehelminthes'tegument was affected and altered by primaquine. Furthermore, the response to primaquine action was more obvious in P. microbothrium than M. expansa adult worms. These effects involved destruction, alterations, and deformationof the.....

Keywords:Primaquine,Antimalarial,Albendazole,Monieziaexpansa, Paramphistomummicrobothrium,In vitro effect

[1]. Ahmed M and Nizami WA, 1991.In vitro effect of mebendazole on the carbohydrate metabolism of Gigantocotyle explanatum (Trematoda:Digenea). Indian J Parasitol, 15: 19-26
[2]. Anderson HR and Fairweather I ,1995.Fasciolahepatica: ultrastructural changes to the tegument of juvenile flukes following incubation in vitro with deacetylated (amine) metabolite of diamphenethide. Int J Parasitol, 25: 319-333
[3]. Bancroft JD, Stevens A, Turner DR ,1996. Theory and practice ofhistological techniques, 4th edn. Churchill Livingstone, NewYork
[4]. Bashtar A, Hassanein M, Abdel-Ghaffar F, et al., 2011. Studies on monieziasis of sheep I. Prevalence and antihelminthic effects of some plant extracts, a light and electron microscopic study. Parasitol Res, 108: 177-186

ABSTRACT: A total of 6 cows presented to Department of veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Teaching veterinary clinical complex, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Pondicherry with traumatic teat fistulas were selected for the present study. Upon preoperative evaluation, the mucosal and muscular layers were sutured separately by simple continuous suture pattern using polyglactin 910. The skin edges were apposed by using braided and polybutilate coated polyester sutures. Postoperative evaluation of the reconstructed teat was carried out by the morphological evaluation and ultrasonographical evaluation.

Keywords: Cows, Traumatic teat fistula, polyglactin 910, braided and polybutilate coated polyester sutures.

[1]. Abd-El-Hady. 2015. Clinical observations on some surgical udder and teat affections in cattle and buffaloes. Sch. J. Agric. Vet. Sci.,2(4A): 270-281.
[2]. Al-Mubarak, L. and Al-Haddab, M. 2013. Cutaneous Wound Closure Materials: An Overview and Update. J. Cutan. Aesthet. Surg.,6(4): 178-188.
[3]. Aruljothi, N., Balagopalan, T.P., Rameshkumar, B. and Alphonse, R.M.D. 2012. Teat fistula and its surgical management in bovines. IntasPolivet, 13 (1):40-41.
[4]. Azizi, S., Rezaei, F.S., Saifzadeh, S. and Naghadeh, B.D. 2007. Associations between teat injuries and fistula formation in lactating dairy cows treated with surgery. JAVMA.,231(11): 1704-1708.
[5]. Balagopalan, T.P and Aruljothi, N. 2016. Surgical management of webbed teat in a cow. JAVS., 9 (7): 84-86.

ABSTRACT: This study focused on strategies that are adopted by crop farmers in coping with climate change in Samaru Agricultural Zone Kaduna state, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Two research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. The population for the study was 3,230 made up of 3,200 registered farmers and 30 extension agents (E.As). Structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The instrument was face validated by three experts. Cronbach alpha method was used to determine the internal consistency of the questionnaire items which yielded a coefficient of 0.89. Mean, standard deviation and t-test were used for data analysis......

Key word: Farmer, climate, coping strategy, adoption

[1]. Adebayo, A.A., Onu, J.J., Adebayo, F.E. &Anyanwu, S.O. (2012). Farmer's Awareness, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in Adamawa State, Nigeria. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 9(11). Pp. 104-115.
[2]. Alkali, M. &Kabirat, N. (2015). Impact of Climate Change on Yield and Income of Crop Farmers in Samaru Agricultural Zone of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Paper presented at the HERAN 2015 conference held at University of Nigeria, Nsukka 23th-26 September.
[3]. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO, 2007). Adaptation to climate change in agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Perspective, framework and priorities. Food and agricultural organization (FAO) Rome.http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm.pdf
[4]. Ifeanyieze, F.O., Alkali, M., Okoye, R.N. &Ikehi, M.E. (2016). Altered climate and livelihood of farming families in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 11(10). Pp. 882-888.
[5]. Ikehi, M.E. &Zimoghen, J (2015). Impacts of Climate change on fishing and fish farming in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Direct research journal of Agriculture and Food Science. 3(1).pp.1-6.

ABSTRACT: Marketing activities are always there in every business, both businesses that are oriented in terms of profit and non-profit, it's just that marketers still do not understand the true meaning of marketing and have not mastered the theory of marketing science. In conducting marketing activities, a company has several goals to be achieved, both short-term and long-term goals. The number of Brastagi Supermarket Medan visitors is increasing every month. Usually the trigger for an increase in the number of visitors is due to big celebrations during the month, a factor of consumer satisfaction that is quite satisfied so that visitors still choose Berastagi Supermarket as their choice for shopping and fruits in the modern market in Medan. This research uses incidental sampling technique.....

Keywords: Product, Price, Location, Promotion, Consumer Decision

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