IOSR-JAVS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2021

ABSTRACT: One of the major hindrances to smallholder farming success was identified as inadequate credit facilities, access and low volume of credit which boils down to performance attributes of formal financial institutions. The study assessed the performance of financial institution in extending credit to small holder farmers in Enugu state, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the perception of smallholder farmers on the performance of financial institutions in extending credit; identified the amount of credit accessed by smallholder farmers from different formal financial institutions in the study area; identified the factors that determine the amount of credit accessed from formal......

Keywords: Performance, formal financial institution, credit, credit extension, small holder farmers, Enugu state, Nigeria

[1]. Agwu, N. M., Anyanwu, C. I., & Mendie, E. I. (2020). Socio-economic determinants of commercialization among smallholder farmers in Abia State, Nigeria (No. 309-2016-5233).
[2]. Akanni, K. A. (2021). Effect of micro-finance on small scale poultry business in South Western Nigeria. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 38-47.
[3]. Anyiro, C. O., &Oriaku, B. N. (2018).Access to and investment of formal micro credit by small holder farmers in Abia State, Nigeria.A case study of Absu Micro Finance Bank, Uturu. The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6(2), 69-76.
[4]. Apata, T. G., Apata, O. M., Igbalajobi, O. A., &Awoniyi, S. M. O. (2021). Determinants of rural poverty in Nigeria: Evidence from small holder farmers in South-western, Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Technology Education Research, 1(4), 85-91
[5]. Aribaba, F. O. 2020. "An Investigation of the Performance of Cooperative Thrift and Credit Societies in Financing Small-Scale Businesses in Nigeria."

ABSTRACT: In Cuba, the production of garlic (Allium sativum L.) has a low productivity, due to biotic and abiotic factors that affect the seed quality. Garlic is used for multiple purposes, therefore its production and post-harvest conservation are of vital importance, not only for marketing, but also to have an optimum seed quality. Taking into account the above mentioned, it was carried out studies to evaluate the effect of VIUSID Agro® on yield and garlic post-harvest conservation. Three treatments were carried out after sprouting with a weekly frequency. A random sample of 400 plants (100 plants per replications) were selected at harvest to evaluate the yield. During post-harvest conservation.......

Key words: post-harvest, sprouting, seed, yield

[1]. Abdel-Razzak HS, El-Sharkawy GA (2013) Effect of biofertilizer and humic acid applications on growth, yield, quality and storability of two garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars. Asian Journal of Crop Science, 5: 48-64.
[2]. Ahmed, M.E.M., Derbala, A. and El-Kader, N.A. 2009.Effect of Irrigation Frequency and Potassium Source on the Productivity, Quality and Storability of Garlic. Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 26(3): 1245- 1262.
[3]. CAMARGO, C.K.; ZEIST, A.R. Agronomic performance of both virus-infected and virus free garlic with different seed bulbs and clove sizes. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v.54, e01448, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2019.v54.01448.
[4]. El-Sayed, A.El-S.H. and El-Morsy, A.H.A. 2012. Response of productivity and storability of garlic (Allium sativum L.) to some potassium levels and foliar spray with mepiquat chloride (PIX). International Research Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science, 2(7): 298305
[5]. GALAZ, E.A. 2008. Efecto de factores ambientales precosecha en el desarrollo de la planta, bulbificación y acumulación de fructanos en ajo. Tesis de Maestría. Santiago de Querétaro, México, 95 pp

ABSTRACT: Background: Contamination by Heavy metals has been a major source of concern especially in the fast growing industrialized countries. Nigeria, with an estimated population of 200 million is becoming industrialized and agricultural activities are massively at an increasing rate thereby increasing anthropogenic source heavy metals contamination of the environment. This study was undertaken to detect the levels of heavy in selected organs of slaughtered cattle from the Northern Agricultural zone of Nasarawa state Nigeria. Materials and method: Fifty samples of kidney, muscle, liver, intestine and skin were collected from cattle of different age and sex across randomly selected abattoirs in the zone. The samples were analyzed for the presence of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and.......

Key words: AAS, Chromium, heavy metals, cattle, Nasarawa state

[1]. Ahmed, M., S. Singh, J.R. Behari, A. Kumar and M.K.J. Siddiqui, (2007). Interaction of lead with some essential trace metals in the blood of anemic children from Lucknow, India. Clinica Chimica Acta. 377: 92-97.
[2]. Ahmed, M., S. Singh, J.R. Behari, A. Kumar and M.K.J. Siddiqui, (2007). Interaction of lead with some essential trace metals in the blood of anemic children from Lucknow, India. Clinica Chimica Acta. 377: 92-97.
[3]. Akan, J.C., Abdulrahman, F.I., Sodipo, O.A., & Chiroma, Y.A. (2010). Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Liver, Kidney and Meat of Beef, Mutton, Caprine and Chicken from Kasuwan Shanu Market in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria. Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2(8):743-748.
[4]. Bala A., Suleiman N., Junaidu A. U., Salihu M. D., Ifende V. I., Saulawa M.A., Magaji A. A., Faleke O. O., Anzaku .S. A., (2014). Detection of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) Nickel (Ni) and Magnesium Residue in Kidney and Liver of Slaughtered Cattle in Sokoto Central Abattoir, Sokoto State, Nigeria. International Journal of Livestock Research, 4(1): 74-80.
[5]. Bánfalvi, G., (2011). "Heavy Metals, Trace Elements and their Cellular Effects". In Bánfalvi, G. Cellular Effects of Heavy Metals. Springer. pp. 328

ABSTRACT: Subclinical ketosis is usually unnoticed and typically associated with serious disease risk, lower milk production, poor reproductive performance, and decreased profitability of dairy farms. This study was conducted to achieve clinical, Some serum biochemical and hematological alternation in cows with subclinical ketosis. From the period between October 2020 and end of January 2021, 80 blood samples were obtained from recently calved cows through a cross-sectional survey in different areas of Mosul city. The findings of the current study indicated that the prevalence of subclinical ketosis in cross-breed cows was 22/80 (27.5%) depending on the concentration of BHB in the serum as determined by ELISA test at the cut-off point (≥1.2-≤ 1.4 mmol / L). No significant difference.......

Key words: Prevalence ,Subclinical ketosis, BHB, NEFA, Glucose

[1]. Zhang G, Ametaj BN. Ketosis an Old Story Under a New Approach. Dairy. 2020;1(1):5. doi.org/10.3390/dairy1010005.
[2]. Duffield T. Subclinical ketosis in lactating dairy cattle. Veterinary clinics of north America: Food animal practice. 2000 ; 16(2):231-53. doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30103-1.
[3]. Gordon JL, LeBlanc SJ, Duffield TF. Ketosis treatment in lactating dairy cattle. The veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice. 2013 ; 29(2):433-45. doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2013.03.001.
[4]. Tessari R, Berlanda M, Morgante M, Badon T, Gianesella M, Mazzotta E, Contiero B, Fiore E. Changes of Plasma Fatty Acids in Four Lipid Classes to Understand Energy Metabolism at Different Levels of Non-Esterified Fatty Acid (NEFA) in Dairy Cows. Animals. 2020;10(8):1410. doi.org/10.3390/ani10081410.
[5]. McArt JA, Nydam DV, Oetzel GR. Dry period and parturient predictors of early lactation hyperketonemia in dairy cattle. Journal of dairy science. 2013 ;96 (1):198-209. doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-5681.

ABSTRACT: This works was conducted to determine the incidence of canine distemper disease (CDD) in dogs in Mosul city, Iraq using sandwich ELISA test and to evaluate the clinical, haematological and some biochemical parameters in dogs. A total 92 blood samples were collected from dogs (23 Pet dogs and 69 stray dogs), which include 10 clinically healthy dogs used as control group. Each dog was carful clinically exanimated. The overall sero-incidence of CDV antigen was 18/92 (19.5%), comprising 1/23(4.34%) in pet dogs and 17/69 (24.6%) stray dogs. The incidence of CDV was significantly higher in stray dogs compared to pet dogs (P< 0.05). Infected dogs were suffering from loss of appetite, lethargy, oculonasal discharges, coughing, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, thickening of the foot pad and around the nose and nervous signs with different frequency and percentage. Other exhibited in infected.......

Key words: Canine distemper virus, Sandwich ELISA test, Clinical signs, Hematology, Biochemical

[1]. Abbexa, (2020). Dog canine distemper virus (CDV) ELISA kit- product manual. Catalog no: abx055327.
[2]. Acosta-Jamett, G., Chalmers, W. S. K., Cunningham, A. A., Cleaveland, S., Handel, I. G. and Bronsvoort, B. M. D.(2011). Urban domestic dog populations as a source of canine distemper virus for wild carnivores in the Coquimbo region of Chile. Veterinary Microbiology, 152(3-4): 247-257.
[3]. Amude, A., Alfieri, A. and Alice, A. (2018). The nervous form of canine distemper. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science,13(2); 125-136.
[4]. Amude, A. M., Alfieri, A. A. and Alfieri, A. F. (2006). Ante mortem diagnosis of CDV infection by RT-PCR in Distemper dogs with neurological deficits without the typical clinical presentation. Vet. Res. Commun., 30: 679-687.
[5]. Appel, M. J., Yates, R. A., Foley, G. L., Bernstein, J. J., Santinelli, S., Spelman, L. H., Miller, L. D., Arp, L. H., Anderson, M., Barr, M. and Pearce-Kelling, S. (1994). Canine distemper epizootic in lions, tigers, and leopards in North America. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 6(3): 277-288