IOSR-JAVS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-11 ~ NOV-2014

ABSTRACT: This paper examines critically the key factors influencing demand for microcredit among grain traders in Southwest states, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was employed for the study. Two states were randomly selected from the six states in South-western Nigeria. This was followed by random selection of two Local Government Areas (LGAs) from these states. Thereafter, a random selection of rural and urban markets in each of the selected LGAs based on Probability Proportionate to Size (PPS) was done. In all, 500 grain traders were sampled using PPS, with 492 traders having detailed information used for the analysis. Data were collected on grain traders' socio-economic characteristics, social capital and microcredit variables using structured questionnaire.

[1]. Agom, I.D., 2001. "Impact of Microcredit on Agricultural Enterprises among the Rural Households in Cross River State, Nigeria" Unpublished Ph. D Thesis, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
[2]. Ajani, O.I.Y. and G.A. Tijani, 2009. The Role of Social Capital in Access to Micro Credit in Ekiti Nigeria. Pakistan J. Soc. Sci., 6: 125–132
[3]. Akinyemi,B.E; O.L. Balogun and S.A.Yusuf. 2012. "Social Network Among grain sellers: A Tool in microcredit delivery in some markets in Ibadan, Oyo state. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Agriculture and Biology. Vol. 12 issue 4 version 1.0
[4]. Aryeetey, E. And F. Gockel. 1991. "Mobilising Domestic Resources for Capital Formation in Ghana: The Role of Informal Financial Sectors". AERC Research
[5]. Balogun O.L. 2011. "Influence of Social Capital and Microcredit on Household Poverty in South-West, Nigeria". Unpublished PhD Thesis in the Department of Agricultural Economics University of Ibadan

ABSTRACT: Survey, Phytochemical, proximate and elemental analysis of plants used in treating poultry diseases were identified. A total of 27 plants belonging to 13 families were identified for treating various diseases of poultry ranging from common cold to diahorea, Coccidiosis, Newcastle diseases, Fowlpox etc. Argerantum conizoides, Helitricum indicum, Aframomum meleguata, Amaranthus spinosus, Azardiracta indica, Boervia diffusa, Bridelia ferruginea, Capsicum frutescens, Carica papaya, Chromolaena odorata, Cissampelos owariensis, Citrus aurantifolia, Datura stramonium and Elaeis guinensis among others were various plants identified. All the plants were found containing Alkaloid, tannins and saponins.

[1]. Akindahunsi AA and Salawu SO, 2005. Phytochemical screening, nutrient and anti-nutrient compositions of selected tropical green leafy veghetables. A.Journal of Biochemistry 4: 97-105.
[2]. Andzouana and Mombouli 2011, Chemical composition and phytochemical screening of the leaves of Hymenocardia ulmoides and Vitex ferruginea. Parkistinal journal of Nutrition 10 : 1183-1189
[3]. Edeoga, HO; Okwu DE and Mbaebie BO. 2006, Chemical composition of Hyptis suqveolens and Ocimum gratisimum hybrids from Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology vol. 5 (10) PP.892-895
[4]. Fajimi and Taiwo 2004, Herbal remedies in animal parasitic diseases in Nigeria, African Journal of Biotechnology vol. 4 (4) pp. 303-30
[5]. Gbile, ZO. 1986, Ethnobotany, Taxonomy and conversion of medicinal plants. In. Sofowora, A(ed). The state of medicinal plants research. The University of Ife press, Nigeria 404pp

ABSTRACT: This study assessed the availability of rural roads, water supply, agricultural credit, and cooking fuel among project and non-project women farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. Data collected through structured questionnaire administered to 87 ADP and 87 non-ADP women farmers randomly selected across Benue agricultural development zones, was analysed using descriptive statistics such as means, percentages, bar and pie charts among others. Results showed that over 72-90% of rural roads in the study area are in poor condition and impassable for certain periods of the year, thereby constraining agricultural activities.

[1]. Ahmed, R. and Hossain, M. (1990). Developmental impact of rural infrastructure in Bangladesh. IFPRI Research Report No.83. Washington D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute.
[2]. Adegeye, A.J. and J.S. Dittoh (1985). Essntials of agricultural economics. Impact Publishers Nigeria Limited (new edition), Ibadan.
[3]. Arene and Omoregie, (1991). The place of Women in Agricultural Labour Force in Nigeria. Beitrirop.I.andwirtsch.Vet.med.29(1991) H.3.277-282.
[4]. Ater, P.I. (2003). A comparative analysis of productivity response and poverty alleviation among beneficiaries of and non-beneficiaries of World Bank assisted dry season fadama enterprises in Benue State.
[5]. Awotide, D.O., Fashina, O.M., Ologbon, O.A.C.,and A Ggboola, P.O. (2008). Relationship between credit access and technical efficiency of maize farmers in Abeokuta North Local Government Area of Ogun State,Nigeria. Proceedings of the 10th Annual National Conference of the Nigerian Association of Agricultural Economists held at University of Abuja on October, 7 th -10 th.
[6]. BNARDA (2001). ''The impact of Benue State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority on Agriculture and Rural Development in Benue State''. BNARDA Makurdi, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT: Sterilization of grains for spawn preparation is a means of contamination control in and around the media. To avoid the tedious procedure of steam sterilization, 60Co ɣ- irradiation was used to sterilize the mature and uniform quality wheat grains var. sharbati. The irradiation dose was standardized in order to destroy all the spores inside the grains and any glassware or polypacks contaminants. The effects of irradiation on the spawn shelf life and the yield of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) were studied.

[1]. Kligman AM. Handbook of Mushroom Culture. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: Bushiness Press Inc., 1950.
[2]. Stoller BB. Some practical aspects of making mushroom spawn. Mush. Sci. 1962, V: 170-184.
[3]. Shandilay TR, Hayes WA, Seth PK. Pasteurization of mushroom compost Ind. J. Mushroom, 1980, 2:1-3
[4]. Garg PK. Use of sunflower meal (de-oiled cake) during composting to lower the cost of mushroom production. In mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products, Royse, Royse. D.J. University Park, USA: Penn State University, 1996, 133-136.

ABSTRACT: The research study was conducted to know the impact of corporate retail marketing on price spread and profit of cauliflower cultivators in Bhubaneswar, Khurdha district of Odisha. Data were collected through a well prepared questionnaire from farmers supplying cauliflower through corporate retail market channel and traditional market channel. Three market channels were found out in the study area.

[1] A.T.Kearney Global Management Consulting Firm (2011). 2011 Global retail development index,http://www.atkearney.com/index.php/Publications/global-retail-development-index.html

[2] Mangala, K.P. and P.G. Chengappa, A Novel Agribusiness Model for Backward Linkages with farmers: A Case of Food Retail Chain, Agricultural Economics Research Review, 21, 2008,363-370.

[3] Agarwal, N. L. and T. C. Saini, Vegetable marketing-A case study of Jaipur market, Indian Journal of Agricultural Marketing, 9(1), 1995, 36-43.

[4] Joseph. N. Soundarya, M.Gupta and S. Sahu (2008). Impact of organized Retailing on the unorganized sector ICRIER Working paper No 222 Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations New Delhi. [5] Sulaimen, R.V., N.J.Kalaivani, J.Handoo (2010).Organized retailing of fresh fruits and vegetables: Is it really helping producers? CRISP working paper 2010-001,http://www.crispindia.org

ABSTRACT: The field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of different amounts of water and different plant distances on (Lagenaria siceraria) Bottle Gourd's production. The experiment was laid out on spilt plot design with amounts of water as a main plot factor comprise three treatments (T1, T2 and T3) with average(16,32 and 64 m3/fed/day) respectively ; and plant distance as sub-blot factor comprise two treatments (d1 and d2) with (0.75 and 0.5m) respectively . The results revealed that amounts of water and plant distance have a significant interaction effect on yield production. Likewise, a significant interaction was observed on No. of fruits (P = 0.05). However, d2 has obtained a significant impact on yield production comparing with d1. Nevertheless, high water use efficiency was recorded with low amount of water (T1) which was 2.7 kg/m3 with both different plant distances.

[1]. American Public Health Association (APHA), 1992. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater ( 18th Edition ). APHA- AWWA- WPCF, Washington D.C. PP 118-130
[2]. Alghariani, S.A., 2002. Future perspectives of irrigation in southern Mediterranean region: policies and management issues. In: Al-Rasheed, M., Singh, V.P., Sheriff, M.M. (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Water Resources Management in Arid Regions 23–27 March, vol. 4, Kuwait, pp. 313–320.
[3]. Bos, M.G. (1979 ). Standards for irrigation efficiencies of ICID. J. Irrig. Drain. Div., ASCE, 105 (IRI), 37–43.
[4]. Luis Santos Pereira,Theib Oweis and Abdelaziz Zairi, 2002 irrigation management under water scarcity. Agricultural water management 57 (2002) 175 - 206.

ABSTRACT: An investigation was carried out to assess nature and magnitude of genetic variability for productivity related traits in foxtail millet germplasm collections during rainy and post rainy season. The analysis of variance revealed the presence of highly significant differences for all characters, indicating collections under study were genetically diverse for all the traits. Significant variation was recorded among the genotypes for various yield and yield contributing traits studied.

[1]. Jiayju, C., 1986, Small Millet in Global Agriculture. Oxford and IBH Publishing company private Limited.
[2]. Burton G W. 1952. Quantitative inheritance in grasses. Proc., 6th International Grassland Congress 1: 277-283.
[3]. Cill, A.S., and A.S. Randhawa. 1975. Heritable variation and interrelationship in foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.). Madras Agric. J., 62(5): 253 -258.
[4]. Chidambaram, S. and Palanisamy, 1995, Variability and correlation studies of dry matter with reference to selection criteria in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) Madras Agril. J., 82(1): 1- 3.
[5]. Dabholkar, A.R. 1999. Elements of biometrical genetics. Revised and enlarged edition. Published and printed by Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi.
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[7]. Johnson, H. W., Robinson, H. F. and Comstock, H. F., 1955, Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybean. Agron. J., 47: 314-318.

ABSTRACT:The study examines the relationships of changes in temperature on artisanal fish production in Lagos. Data on the impact of sea surface temperature on the annual yield of artisanal fishes during the period 1995 to 2007 was analysed. The major statistical methods employed was the correlation analysis and result shows that there was a significant correlation between average annual sea surface temperature and annual fish yield or catch with r = 0.576 and a coefficient of determination of 34% which was significant. The study also revealed a decrease in total amount of fish caught, decreasing from 30951 tonnes in 1999 to 10434 tonnes in 2000, showing a decline of 20517 tonnes in just over a year period.

[1]. Akra,O.L. (2013). "Examining Temperature Tolerance Range of Fishes in Tropical Waters". Fresh and Salt Water Fishing 8(1) 250-261.
[2]. Ayub, Z. (2010). ―Effect of Temperature and Rainfall as a Component of Climate Change on Fish and Shrings Catch in Pakistan‖ The Journal of Transdisciplinary Environmental Studies 9(1) 1-9
[3]. Baxter, J.L. (1967).Summary of Biological Information on the Northern AchovyEugraulisMordax Girard Ocean Fish Investment, 11, 110-116.
[4]. Beukema, J.L., Wolf, W.J. and Brouns, J.J.W.M (1990).Expected Effects of Climate Change on Marine Coastal Ecosystem. Netherlands; Kiuwer Academic Press.
[5]. Chowdhury, M.T.H., Sukhar, ZP and Hannan, M.A. (2010).Climate Change and its Impacts on Fish Resources in Bangladesh. Proc. of Inter Conference on Environmental Aspects of Bangladesh (ICEABIO) Japan.

ABSTRACT: This paper attempts to identify the fundamental factors that are key determinants of rural households' food security in Shiselweni region, using cross-sectional data and a 2-stage sampling technique
to select randomly 141 households from 4 constituencies (Tinkhundla).The coping strategies, head count ratios, and logistic regression modelwere used to obtain the households' food security status and determine significantfactors influencing food security, respectively.Results revealthat 51.7% of the rural households in the regionare food insecure.

[1] Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome Declaration on World Food Security Summit ActionPlan, 1996
[2] L. Liverool-Tasie, O. Kuku, and A. Ajibola, A Review of Literature on Agricultural Productivity , Social Capital and Food Security in Nigeria, NSSP Working paper , 2011
[3] M. Altman, T. Hart and P. Jacobs, Household food security status in South Africa, Agrekon, 48 (4), 2009, 345-361
[4] Food and Agriculture Organization, Food security issue (2), Swaziland 2006
[5] D. Labadarios, Z. Mchiza, and G. Weir-Smith, Food security in South Africa, Bulletin of the World Health Organization BLT (11.089243), 2011, 1-20

ABSTRACT: In order to fully comprehend the possible role of helminth infections of poultry and improve their diagnosis for purposes of effective control and enhance profitable productivity of the ever expanding poultry industry, the prevalence of helminth infections in slaughtered chickens was investigated. A total of 305 gastrointestinal tracts were collected from slaughtered chickens, 177 and 128 of which were from broilers and layers respectively. The intestines were longitudinally incised and the contents washed into cups for the recovery of worms and worm eggs using standard parasitological methods.

[1]. Adene, D.F. and Dipeolu, O. O. (.1975) "Survey of blood and ectoparasites of domestic fowls in Ibadan, Western State of Nigeria," Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa. 23: 333–335.
[2]. Encyclopedia of the Nations. (2014). Nigerian agriculture. Available from <http://agronigeria.com.ng/iona-gdp-pan-president/> Retrieved on 17th October, 2014. [3]. Fakae, B. B.; Paul Abiade, C. U. (2003). Rainy season period prevalence of helminths in the domestic fowl Gallus gallus in Nsukka, Eastern Nigeria. Nigerian Veterinary Journal 24: 21-27
[4]. FAO Animal Health Manual (1998). Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of poultry parasites. Rome.
[5]. FAO. (2000). Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the nited Nations. Rome, Italy.
[6]. Hansen, J., Perry, B., 1994. The epidemiology, diagnosis and control of helminth parasites of ruminants. ILRAD, Nairobi, Kenya. Xt, pp. 171.

ABSTRACT: In recent times, there has been an increase in the rate of pollution of our environment and this is evident as shown in rapid climate change, ozone layer depletion, toxic pollution, depletion of non renewable resources, acidification and eutrofication of our soils and water. With all these environmental challenges, there is still increase in population and more mouths to feed. If these effects are not controlled or reduced, it means that before long, there will be an increase in the extinction of species, scarcity of fresh water and possibly more extreme weather conditions and loss of agricultural production and biodiversity,

[1]. Appleton, F.A. (2006) 'Sustainability: A practitioner's reflection' Technology in Society, 28(1-2) 3-18
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ABSTRACT: Sunflower is an important edible oilseed crop of the country and its oil is consider as premium because of its high poly unsaturated fatty acid content with high level of lenoleic acid and absence of linolenic acid . A field trial was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Amreli to study the "Evaluation of different sulphur sources on sunflower".

[1]. Babu, S.N.S. and D.M. Hegde, 2002. Delineation of sulphur deficient soil and evaluation of oilseed crops responses to sulphur. FertilizerMarket. News, 33: 9–17
[2]. Marschner, H., 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, p: 315. AcademicPress Ltd. London
[3]. Mishra, A., P. Das and R.K. Paikaray. 1995. Yield and nutrient uptake by winter sunflower as influenced by nitrogenand phosphorus. Indian J. Agron. 40:137-138.
[4]. Poonia, K.L., 2000. Effect of planting geometry, nitrogen and sulfur ongrowth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). J. Eco-Physiol., 3: 59–71
[5]. Saron, G. and G. Giri, 1990. Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphuron mustard under semi-arid rainfall conditions of North West India.Indian J. Agron., 35: 313–316

ABSTRACT:The maximum dose of Heligmosomoides bakeri that can be tolerated by outbred albino mice was determined. Due to the extensive works of the author of this study with Heligmosomoides bakeri infections in the outbred albino mice, researchers have often contacted him for guides in choosing a safe working dose levels of the parasite. This study was conducted in order to be able to advise accurately such request and making available such results by publication for easy and wide access.

1]. Anderson, R.M. and May, R.M. (1982). Coevolution of hosts and parasites. Parasitology. 85: 411-26.
[2]. Asworth,R.M., Kennedy, C.R., Blanc, G. (1996). Density dependent effects of Anguillicola crassus. (Nematoda) within and on its copepod intermediate hosts. Parasitology. 113: 303-309.
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ABSTRACT:Carcass characteristics and body weights are major determinants of profitability and sustainability of any animal enterprise. Blood as a component of an animal's biological system plays a vital role in accessing the health and productive status of an animal. This study was undertaken on Japanese quails to evaluate the body weight, carcass characteristics and blood constituents at six weeks.

[1]. Abdel Fattah, M.H, El-Full E.A., Farahat, G.S, Hatba N.A. and Khalifa, M.A. (2001). Inheritance of body weight, growth rate and fitness traits in Japanese quail. Egypt. Poult. Sci.26: 1195-1215.
[2]. Aksit, M., Oguz, I., Akbas, Y., Altan, O. and Ozdogan, M. (2003). Genetic variation of feed traits and relationships to some meta production traits in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Arch Geflugelkd 67(2)76-82.
[3]. Alkan, S., Karabag, K., Galic, A., Karsli, T. And Balcioglu, M.S. (2010) Determination of body weight and some carcass traits in Japanese quails (Cortunix cortunix japonica) of different lines. Kafkas Univ. Vet Fak Derg 16(2):277-280
[4]. Arora, K.L. (2010). Differences in Hemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume in Blood Collected from Different Sites in Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica). International Journal of Poultry Science 9 (9): 828-830.
[5]. Awobajo, O.K., Skinrolabu, A.A., Mako, A.O., Igbosanu, A.O. and Olatokunbo, O.T. (2007). The mortality rate of two different breeds of broilers after brooding stage to maturity. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 2(1):37-42.
[6]. Ayorinde, K.L. (1994). Evaluation of the growth and carcass characteristics of the Japanese quail. Nig. J. Anim. Prod. 21(2):119-126