IOSR-JAVS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-9 ~ SEP-2014

ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to investigate the proximate and phytochemical constituents of young leaves of Myrianthus arboreus and Spargonophorus sporgonophora. The result of the proximate analysis revealed that M. arboreus leaves contained moisture content of 40.10±0.14%, crude fat of 6.45±0.18%, ash of 3.30 ± 0.16, protein of 3.56±0.10%, Crude fibre of 3.74±0.14%, dry matter of 70.30 ± 0.57% and carbohydrate of 12.58 ± 0.10 % while S. sporgonophora leaves contain moisture content (3.20 ± 0.84%), Crude Fat (6.01± 0.01%), ash (3.52±0.18%), Protein (4.20 ± 0.00%), Crude fibre (3.74±0.01%) and dry matter (8.10±0.14%). Results of the mineral analysis showed that their leaves contained high concentrations of Calcium, Sodium, Iron and Potassium. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkanoids, flavonoids, Tannins and Glycosides. Concentrations of flavonoids and alkanoids were high in the two species. Saponins were absent in M. arboreus while phenols was not found in S. sporgonophora. The results of this study indicated that these local vegetables contained mineral elements and secondary metabolites that are good sources of nutrients for human diet and therapeutic uses.

Key words: Phytochemical constituents, therapeutic, proximate analysis, Myrianthus arboreus, Spargonophorus sporgonophora.

[1]. Mensah, J.K., Okoli, R.I. and Ohaju-Obodo, J.O. (2008). Phytochemical, medicinal and nutritional properties of some green leafy vegetables. Afr. J. Biotechnol.2512 (12), 758
[2]. Tukan, S.K., Takruri, H.R. and Al-Eisaw, D.M. (1998). The use of wild edible plants in the Jordanian diet. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 49, 225-235.
[3]. Fasuyi, A.O. (2006). Nutritional potential of some tropical vegetable leaf meals. Chemical characteristics and functional properties. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5(1): 49-53.
[4]. Okafor, J.C. (1983). Horticulturally promising indigenous wild plants species of the Nigerian Forest Zones. Acts Horticulture. 123, 165-177.
[5]. Okafor, J.C. (2004). Myrianthus arboreus P.Beauv. In: Grubben. G.J.H. Dentron. O.A (Editors) PROTA 2: Vegetation / Legumes (CD ROM). PROTA Wagehingen. Netherlands.

ABSTRACT: A thorough understanding of the radiation balance over a crop canopy and the accurate estimation of different components of net radiation over the crop surface assume a great significance in terrestrial ecosystem. Considering its importance a field experiment was conducted at agricultural farm of GBPUA&T Pantnagar during rabi season of 2012-13 to estimate partitioning of energy balance components by using Bowen Ratio Energy Balance (BREB) method at different phenological stages of wheat. The BREB method was used to obtain field energy balance, including latent heat flux, soil heat flux. These measurements were coupled with radiation measurement at the soil surface to partition energy balance component at different phenological stages of wheat viz. Crown root initiation (CRI), tillering, jointing, heading, flowering, grain filling, soft dough and hard dough stage .It was found that net radiation (Rn) was the major portion of energy balance component. The values varied between 6.02 to 27.6 MJm-2d-1 at various growth stages of wheat crop. Similarly, latent heat flux (LE) ranged between 2.11 to 12.79 MJm-2d-1 during the crop season. In the present study in different phenological stages of wheat, latent heat flux varied between 3.59 to 15.25 MJm-2d-1. The ground heat flux varied from 0.31 to 0.88 MJm-2d-1 in different stages. The peak midday ground heat flux decreased gradually from crown root initiation to soft dough stage because of increasing soil coverage. It can be concluded from the present study that Bowen ratio approach is an efficient technique of measurement of energy balance. This method, as applied, can accurately estimate energy balance component for wheat crop in Tarai region of Uttarakhand.

Key word: Latent heat flux(LE), Phenological stages, Crown root initiation, Net radiation, Soft dough stage, BREB method

[1]. Tanner, C.B. 1960. Energy balance approach to evapotranspiration from crops. Soil Sci. Am. Proc. 24: 545-549.
[2]. Tanner, C.B. 1960. Energy balance approach to evapotranspiration from crops. Soil Sci. Am. Proc. 24: 545-549.
[3]. Malek, E. and Bingham, G.E. 1993. Comparison of the Bowen ratio-energy balance and the water balance methods for the measurement of evapotranspiration. J. Hydro/. 146: 209-220.
[4]. Todd, R.W., Evett, S.R. and Howell, T.A. 2000. The Bowen-ratio-energy balance method for estimating latent heat flux of irrigated alfalfa evaluated in semi arid, advective environment. Agric. For. Met. 103: 335-348.
[5]. Chan, S., Chen, J., Lin, G., Zhang, W., Miao, H., Wei, L., Huang, J. and Han, X. 1998. Energy balance and partition in Inner Mongolia steppe ecosystems with different land use types. Agric. For. Met. 149:1800–1809.

ABSTRACT: Individual effects of xylazine, diazepam and ketamine were studied on haemoglycemic values of 30 minor surgical cases of adult dogs. Dogs having similar weight and age were divided into three groups (A, B, C), each with 10 dogs. Groups A, B and C were treated with selected dosages of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg, i.v), diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, i.v) and ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.v), respectively. Blood sampling was carried at regular time intervals before and after drug administration as follows: 0 minute, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, and 8 hours followed by serological assay using 'Glucose Liquicolor kit' to determine the haemoglycemic values. Test results revealed that xylazine, diazepam and ketamine cause significant increase in serum glucose level as compared to the base line reference value when used intravenously (P<0.05). It is concluded that xylazine, diazepam and ketamine along with the surgical stress raise the haemoglycemic level so extra care should be taken when using these drugs especially in cases already showing high haemoglycemic values.

Keywords: Diazepam,Glucose Liquicolor kit, Haemoglycemic effects,Ketamine, Xylazine,

[1]. S M Genuth. Adrenal gland. In: Berne RM, Levy MM, Koeppen BM, Stanton BA (eds) Physiology. 5th edition. Philadelphia : Saunders; 2004,323-327.

[2]. H Fattahian, H Moosavian, H Mohyeddin, H Akbarin and R Moridpour , Blood glucose concentration profile after single dose of dexamethasone during operation in dogs, Comparative Clinical Pathology, 21, 2012, 957-960.
[3]. E Savontaus, V Fagerholm, O Rahkonen and M Scheinin, Reduced blood glucose levels, increased insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance in alpha2A-adrenoceptor knockout mice,European Journal of Pharmacoogyl, 578 (2-3), 2008, 359-364.

[4]. J PDesborough, The stress response to trauma and surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 85 (1), 2008, 109-117.

[5]. T Beths, J B Glen, J Reid , A M Monteiro and A M Nolan, Evaluation and optimisation of target controlled infusion system for administering propofol to dogs as part of total intravenous anaesthetic technique during dental surgery, Veterinary Record. 148 (7), 2001, 198-203.

ABSTRACT: High-frequency somatic embryogenesis and complete plant regeneration from leaf explants of Coleus forskohlii Briq had been established. The influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the frequency of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were studied. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone or both with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), were superior for somatic embryogenesis. Primarily, embryogenic callus was initiated from leaf explants of young plant on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (1.0mgl-1), 3% sucrose and 0.9% agar in three weeks. Embryogenic callus transferred on 2,4-D and BAP-supplemented medium favored induction of embryos in advance as compared to that on 2,4-D alone supplemented medium. The highest frequency (80 %) of direct somatic embryogenesis was obtained in the combination of BAP (1.0 mg/l) and 2,4-D (0.5 mg/l). Eighty percent of the embryos underwent maturation and conversion to plantlets upon transfer to half-strength MS medium having α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), with BAP. Embryo-derived plantlets were transferred onto specially made plastic cup containing soilrite followed by their transfer to the garden soil. Survival rate of the plantlets under ex vitro condition was 80%.

Key words: Coleus forskohlii Briq, Leaf explants, Somatic embryogenesis, Regeneration, etc.

[1]. Ara, H., Jaiswal. U., Jaiswal. V.S., 2004. An improved method of proliferation of proembryogenic calli of mangefera indica L. var. Amrapali for scal-up of somatic embryo production. Indian J. Biotechnol. 3, 229-234.
[2]. Begum. F., Amin. M.N., Azad, M.A.K., 2000. In vitro clonal propagation of Holy Basil - Ocimum sanctum L. Plant Tissue Cult. 10: 31 - 37.
[3]. Bhat. S.V., Bajqwa. B.S., Dornauer. H., De Scousa. N.J., Fehlhabar. H.W., 1977. Structures and stereochemistry of new labdane diterpenoids from Coleus forskohlii Briq. Tetrahedron Lett, 18:1669-1672.
[4]. De Souza. N.J., Shah. V., 1988. Forskolin - an adenylate cyclase activating drug from an Indian herb. In: Wagner H, Hikino H, Farnsworth NR, eds. Economic and Medicinal Plant Research Volume 2, London: Academic Press.
[5]. Dode, L.C., Bobrowski, V.L., Braga, E.J.B., Seixas, F.K., Schunch, W., 2003. In vitro propagation of Ocimum basilicum L. Maringa, 25, 435-437.

ABSTRACT: A large number of economists have concentrated their efforts on the study of the supply response of the crop sub-sector and individual crops to price and non-price incentives, but studies on aggregate supply response are few. This study is necessary in that it would assist policy makers to identify and evaluate the key variables which are important in determining aggregate agricultural output supply. The Nerlovian adjustment model was used for the estimation. The estimated coefficient were very low, indicating weak or minimal contributions of the variables to output growth in Akwa Ibom State. Moreover, the estimated short-run and long-run elasticities were fairly inelastic. However, the adjustment coefficient which measures the speed and magnitude of changes in planned output in response to anticipated output was above average. What this portrays is that farmers in Akwa Ibom State were more responsive to policy incentives. More of these factors should be committed to agricultural production, so as to improve productivity.

Key Words: Akwa Ibom state of Nigeria, aggregate agricultural output, Nerlovian adjustment model, supply response, supply elasticities

[1] I. Elbadawi, "Real Overvaluation, terms of trade shocks and the cost to agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Sudan" Journal of African Economics, 12 (3), 1993, 112 – 120

[2] M. A./ Chaudhary, M. A. Khan , and K. H. Naqv, Estimates at farm output Supply and Input Demand Elasticities: The Tran slog Profit, Function Approach, The Pakistan Development Review, 37 (4), Part II: 1998, 1013 – 1050.

[3] Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, An Agricultural Handbook. (Uyo, Government Printer, 2005).

[4] National Population Commission (Abuja, Government Printer, 2006).

[5] Akwa Ibom State budget (Uyo, Government Printer, Various Issues: 1988 - 2012).

[6] N. Mamingi, The Impact of Prices and macroeconomic Policies on Agricultural Supply: A Synthesis of Available Results: Department of Economics. The University of the West Indices, Cave Hill Campus, Bridge town, Barbados, Elsevier Science B. V, 1996)

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted over seven villages near Darbandikhan district including (2) wells and (5) springs. It covers more than 60 km2, to assess the suitability of ground water quality for drinking purpose using water quality index through investigating of different wells and springs; this technique is very useful tool for quick assessment for any water system. This was done by subjecting the seven water resources in the mentioned area under investigation, where drinking water samples are not treated before consumption. For calculating Water Quality Index, fourteen parameters such as (pH, TDS, EC, Turbidity, Total Hardness as CaCO3, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphate, Chloride, Nitrate (NO3-N), Nitrite (NO2-N), Phosphate (PO4-P), Sodium and Potassium) have been considered. The study spread over two seasons namely fall and spring. The observed values of these physicochemical parameters were compared with World Health Organization standards. The results indicated that water quality of springs and wells varied from excellent water quality (A) to good water quality (B).

Key words: Water Quality Index, Assessment, Physical-chemical Parameters, Suitability for Drinking, Ground Water

[1] Yisa, J. and Jimoh, T., Analytical Studies on Water Quality Index of River Landzu. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(4), pp. 453-458, (2010).

[2] Panda, R.B. and Sinha, B.K., Investigation of water quality of Brahmani River. Indian Journal Environmental Health, 33(1), pp. 45-49, (1991).

[3] Panigrahi, T.; Das, K.K.; Dey, B.S. and Panda, R.B., Assessment of Water Quality of river Sono, Balasore. International Journal Environmental Science, 3(1), pp. 49-56, (2012).

[4] Gebrehiwot, A.B.; Tadesse, N. and Jigar E., Food and Agriculture Science. ISABB Journal, 1(1), p.22, (2011).

[5] Kalavathy, S.; Rakesh Sharmas, R. and Sureshkumar P., Arch. Environmental Science, 5, 55, (2011).

ABSTRACT: Socioeconomic conditions of the fishers in India are very low.Fishers generally have pursue less education and live under improper housing conditions. With a very low income from fishing, fishers supported a large member of family which compel the fisher's to burrow credits to fulfil their basic needs. The income of the fisherswere very low and remain circulatedinside the vicious circle of poverty.India is a country with diversity in culture and this cultural diversity were reflected in their fishing activities too. Training programmes and scientific orientations are avail at heterogeneous manner in most of the places in India. Therefore proper fishery management policies, effective input supply, technical and social support may improve the livelihood of the fishers which will ultimately increase the overall fisheries productivity of India.

Keywords: fisheries, education, income and livelihood.

[1] A.Oloruntoba and E.O. Fakoya, Socio-economic indicators of adult females in rural communities of Nigeria. Journal of Extension System, 19, 2003, 48-57.
[2] A.C. Pandey and J.P. Mishra, Economic feasibility of fish culture in the district Faizabad (U.P), India a case study. In: Encyclopaedia of Agricultural Marketing. (Naurang Rai for Mittal Publications, New Delhi, ISBN: 81-7099-740-2, 7, 2001) 263-270.
[3] Anon, Report on the socio economic analysis of Nuvvulrevu village in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Visakhapatanam, 2005.
[4] Aruloli., Effectiveness of selected extension teaching methods for educating the fisherfolk on sustainable marine fisheries development. Unpub, M. F. Sc (thesis), Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tuticorin, 2004.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated adolescence-drug abuse as a correlates of academic performance on agricultural science in Ibadan North Local Government Area. Multistage sampling procedure was employed for sampling of respondents for the study. Primary data were obtained from 150 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC). These were analyzed to determine the relationship between independent variables (socioeconomic and adolescence-drug abuse of the respondents) and the dependent variables (student performance in agricultural science). Mean age of the respondents was 15 years, 56.7% were females while 43.3% were males. The results of student performance revealed that, the mean score was 58.61% for agricultural science. The coefficient is also positive. The coefficient of drunkards status of the respondents (ALCOHOL) is positive and correlate with student performance in agricultural science: while the coefficient of frequency of drinking alcohol monthly (ALCOHOL_M) is negative and correlate with student performance in agricultural science. All stakeholders in the educational sector and parents/guardian should discourage illicit smoking and drinking alcoholic drinks among adolescence.
Keywords: Adolescence, alcohol, cigarette, PPMC.

[1]. Adenugha, and I. O. Ijagbone, Correlates of Alcohol Consumption Among Adolescents in Ibadan North Local Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. ISSN 2039-2117 Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 (2) May 2012. Doi: 10.5901/mjss.2012.v3n2.251
[2]. Allison, and J. B. Schultz, Parent-adolescent conflict in early adolescence. Adolescence, 2004, 39, 101-119.
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[4]. Anfara, Advisor-advisee programs: Important but problematic. Middle School Journal, 2006, 38(1), 54-60.
[5]. Babalola, Contraceptive Use and Adolescents' Sexual Behaviour in Nigerian FederalUniversities. Journal of Educational Review;Jan-Mar2012, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p35

ABSTRACT: Release of Trichogramma chionis Ishi (Hymenoptera;Trichogrammatidae), were made in one plot in regional sugarcane research station ,Rudrur for biological control of internode shoot borers in sugarcane and compared with control plot .Perusal of data revealed that an average percent intensity of inter node shoot borer damage decreased to 70.70 and 53.87 per cent in 2011 and 2012 respectively and average percent incidence of inter node shoot borer damage decreased to 64.92 and 49.66 per cent in 2011 and 2012 respectively. Population of C. infuscatellus showed negative correlation with increase in number of parasitized eggs of T. chilonis, which indicates that it can be successfully used for the suppression of sugarcane Inter node shoot borer.

Key words: Egg parasitoid; Trichogramma chilonis; biological control, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus

[1]. Aheer, G.M., H. Ahmad, M. Ashfaq and M. Jalali, 1994. Weather effect on population dynamics of top borer, Scirpophaga nivella and stem borer, Chilo infuscatellus on sugarcane crop. J.Agric. Res., 32 (4): 411- 420.
[2]. Ashraf, M., B. Fatima and N. Ahmad, 1993. Control of sugarcane by inundative releases of Trichogramma chilonis (Ashii). Pak. J.Zool., 25 (1): 23-25.
[3]. Ashraf, M., B. Fatima and S.S. Ali. 1995. Significance of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) in controlling the sugarcane borers. Proc. Pak. Congr. Zool. 15:171- 176.
[4]. Georghion, G.P. and T.A. Lagunes, 1991. The occurance of pesticides in arthropods. Food Agric.Org., pp: 318.
[5]. Hamburg, H.V. and P.J. Guest, 1997. The impact of insecticides on beneficial arthropods in cotton agroecosystem in South Africa. Archives environ. Contamin. Toxic., 8(8):786.
[6]. Hassan, S.A., 1993. The mass rearing and utilization of Trichogramma to control lepidopterous pests: Achievements and outlook. Pestic. Sci., 37: 387-91.

ABSTRACT: This experiment was carried out at Seed Research and Technology Centre, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during 2012. Five cotton hybrid seed lots (Bharat BT-1) having differences in initial vigour was utilized for study to identify and standardize the methods for assessing the seed vigour and storability in cotton. The seed samples were subjected to accelerating ageing for 48, 72 and 96 hours at 41OC and 90 per cent relative humidity. The data were collected for all seed quality parameters initially and germination test was carried out after subjecting the samples to accelerating aging and during storage as well. Simple correlation studies were carried out and observed that final count of germination was suitable for assessing the seed vigour and accelerated aging for 48 hours for estimation of storage potential of cotton seed lots.

Key words: Seed vigour, accelerated ageing, storability and cotton

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ABSTRACT: Siderophore producing bacteria as biocontrol agent may play a pivotal role in controlling several constraints of fungal pathogens which causes plant diseases. Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. ciceri (FOC) and Macrophomina phaseolina are major phytopathogens amongst the several constraints affecting the productivity of chickpea in India and other countries in Asia. In the present study, indigenous Bacillus subtilis CTS-G24, (Partial 16 S rRNA sequence of Bacillus subtilis is deposited in GenBank with accession number KF322037) was detected positive for siderophore production. Antiphytopathogenic activity of strain CTS-G24 against wilt and dry root rot causing FOC and M. phaseolina respectively was checked. It was revealed that Hydroxamate type of siderophore was produced by CTS-G24 and 64 % of siderophore units was produced in Succinate medium by Bacillus subtilis CTS-G24. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to influence plant growth by suppressing plant disease and might be applied in agriculture as an alternative to chemical pesticides for improving the quality and yield of crop. Siderophores produced by Bacillus subtilis has got the potentials to control plant diseases in chickpea.

Keywords: Rhizobacteria, Siderophore, Cicer arietinum, Fusarium wilt, Dry root rot

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