IOSR-JAVS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-12 ~ DEC-2015

ABSTRACT: A field trial was conductedduring the dry season of 2012 in the Research Farm of the Agricultural Education Unit (Department of Vocational Education), Delta State University, Abraka (latitude 50 46'N and longitude 60 5'E) within the humid forest of Southern Nigeria. The trial was aimed at assessing the growth and yield of flutedpumpkin in response to application of liquid organic manures made from water hyacinth and various animal manures.The experiment was a randomized complete block design. Five treatments which were replicated three times were used namely; control (P1), water hyacinth alone (P2), water hyacinth + pig manure (P3) , water hyacinth + cow dung (P4) and water hyacinth + poultry manure (P5). Liquid manures made from mixture of animal manure with water hyacinth significantly increased the vine length, branch number and leaf number, shoot fresh marketable yield and dry weight of pumpkin.

[1]. Adediran JA, N De Baets, PNS Mnkeni, L. Kiekens, N.Y.O.Muyiwa and Thys A (2003). Organic waste Materials for soil fertility improvement in the Border Region of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 20:283-300.
Vegetative Growth, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Pumpkinunder Liquid Organic Manuresin a
DOI: 10.9790/2380-081220104 www.iosrjournals.org 4 | Page
[2]. Agbo, C. U., Chukwudi, P. U. and Ogbu, A. N. (2012) Effects of rates and frequency of application of organic manure on growth, yield and biochemical compositionof Solanum melongena L. (cv. 'Ngwa local') fruits Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 14(2):1952-1960
[3]. AOAC. (1990) Official Methods of Analysis, Washington DC Association of Official Analytical Chemists 14thEdition: 140-147
[4]. Awodun MA (2007).Effect of poultry manure on growth, yield and nutrient content of fluted pumpkin (Telfairiaoccidentalis Hook F). Asian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1; 67-73.
[5]. Fubara-Manuel, I., Nwonuala, A. and Davis, D. D. (2012) Growth response of fluted pumpkin (Telfairiaoccidentalis Hook. F) to combinations of irrigation intervals and spent mushroom substrate in the NigerDelta region of NigeriaAfrican Journal of Biotechnology 11(14):3346-3351
[6]. Giami SY, BS Chibor, Edebiri KE and Achinewhu SC (1999). Changes in nitrogenous and otherchemical constituents, protein fractions and in vitro protein digestibility of germinating fluted pumpkin (Telfairiaoccidentalis) seed. Plant foods Hum. Nutr., 53: 333-342.

ABSTRACT: The field experiment was conducted in the Crop Farm Section of the Agricultural Science Unit Farm from August to November 2012 in Delta State University Abraka (latitude 50 46'N and longitude 60 5'E), Nigeria, with the objective of evaluating the optimum liquid cattle manure application rate and appropriate plant spacing for enhancing the leaf area development and vine yield of fluted pumpkin. The experiment was a 4 x 3 factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications. The two factors were liquid cattle manure and plant spacing. The liquid cattle manure was applied at four rates; 0, 120, 240 and 360 litres/ha while three plant spacing of 90 x 90cm, 70 x 70cm and 50 x 50cm were used.

[1]. Adediran J.A, N De Baets, PNS Mnkeni, L. Kiekens, NYO Muyiwa and Thys A (2003). Organic waste Materials for soil fertility improvement in the Border Region of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 20:283-300.
[2]. Akanbi, W.B., Baiyewu, R.A., and Tairu, F.M. (2000) Effects of maize-stover compost and spacing on growth and yield of Celosia (Celosia argentea L.) Journal of griculture, Forestry & Fisheries 1:5-9
[3]. Akoroda M.O. (1993). Non-destructive estimation of area variation in shape of leaf lamina in the fluted pumpkin Telfairia occidentalis. Sci. Horticult. 53(3): 261-267
[4]. Cechin, Ines and Terezinha de Fátima Fumis (2004) Effect of nitrogen supply on growth and photosynthesis of sunflower plants grown in the greenhouse Plant Science 166: 1379–1385
[5]. Horsfall M.Jr. and Spiff I.A. (2005). Equilibrium sorption study of AL3+, CO2+ and Ag+ in Aqueous solutions by fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F) waste biomass. Acta Chim. Slov., 52: 174-181.

ABSTRACT: This paper describes the profile of some heavy metals in flesh tissues of pseudotholitus elongates (Pisces: Sciaenidae) as well as the status of water quality in Jaja Creek. The study was carried out for a period of 12 months. The studies samples were purchased from commercial landings and local fishers. The fish tissues were analysed using standard analytical methods for heavy metals and trace metals. The water quality status were analysed from the water samples collected from the sampling sites using standard analytical methods. The result indicated a higher mean values of mean (𝑥 ) metal concentration in flesh tissues of pseudotolithuselongatus in wet season, except in cadmium. The water quality status revealed a higher mean (𝑥 ) values in the wet season, except in conductivity, total suspended solids (TSS), total alkalinity (TA), transparency and chloride.

[1]. Akpan, A. W. (1992). Limnological Investigation of Qua Iboe River (Nigeria) in relation to Nutrient Fluxes, Physic-Chemical Hydrology, Organic Carbon Stocks and Fluxes and Faunal Densities. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Jos, 360p.
[2]. Akpan, A. W. (1993). The Effect of Hydrological Regime of the Temperature and Salinity Profiles of a Tropical Coastal River (Nigeria). ActaHydrobiological 35(4): 275-284.
[3]. Akpan, A. W. &Ufodike, E. B. C. (1995).Effect of Oil Exploration and Petroleum Hydrocarbon Utilization on Water Quality and Fauna of Qua Iboe River Estuary, (Nigeria). Journal of Aquatic Sciences 10:43-52.
[4]. Akpan,I. I.(2006). Limnological Studies of Jaja Creek (UtaEwa) with Special Emphasis on Fish Composition, Trophic Biology and Metal Composition of some selected Species M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Uyo, Uyo 150p.

ABSTRACT: Eastern India is one of the major producers and consumers of aromatic rice. Despite low yields, these aromatic rices are highly preferred by farmers and consumers due to their pleasant aroma and excellent cooking and eating quality. Over years, several new aromatic varieties have been released by different research organizations and private sector. The National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack has also been working on aromatic rice improvement and developed several breeding lines using different breeding approaches and released seven elite aromatic rice varieties. Understanding the variability and interrelationships among the released varieties will be of great help to us in planning the future aromatic rice improvement programs.

[1] Ahuja, S.C., Panwar, D.V.S., Ahuja, U. and Gupta, K.R. Basmati rice—the scented pearl. (Directorate of Publications, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. 1995).
[2] Bhattacharjee, P., Singhal, R.S. and Kulkarni, P.R. Basmati rice A review. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 37: 2002, 1-12.
[3] Khush, G.S. and Dela Cruz, N. Developing Basmati rices with high yield potential. Cahiers Options Mediterraneennes (24) (Rice quality a pluridisciplinary approach CIHEAM Paris. 1998).
[4] Kumar, S., Shobha Rani, N. and Krishnaiah, K. Problems and prospects of food grain aromatic rice in India. In IRRI (ed) (Rep INGER Monitoring Visit Fine Grain Aromatic Rice India, Iran, Pakistan, and Thailand. IRRI, Manila: 1996), 21–29.
[5] Nene, Y.L. Basmati rice: a distinct variety (cultivar) of the Indian subcontinent. Asian Journal of Agricultural History 2: 1998, 175–188.
[6] Singh, R.K., Gautam, P.L., Saxena, S. and Singh, S. Scented rice germplasm: conservation, evaluation and utilization. In: Singh, R.K., Singh, U.S., Khush, G.S. (eds) (Aromatic rices. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi, 2000), 107–133.

ABSTRACT: The prevalence of unilateral cryptorchidism and the influence of this reproductive disorder on sperm reserves and the haematology of West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks were studied in Enugu North Agricultural Zone of Enugu state, Nigeria. All the hemicryptorchidshad the right testicle retained in the abdominal cavity. In situmorphometric measurements revealed scrotal circumference that was higher (P<0.05) in normal bucks than in the hemicryptorchids.Theex situ scrotal testicular weight and volume of the hemicryptorchids were greater (P<0.001) than that of the contralateralintra-abdominal testis but compared well with the corresponding values from the left testis of the normal bucks.

[1]. A.G. Byskov, and P.E. Hoyer, Embryology of mammalian gonads and ducts, in E. Knobil, J.D. Neill (Eds.),The Physiology of Reproduction, New York: Raven Press, 1988, 265-302.

[2]. J.M. Hutson, M.L. Baker, and C.F. Heyns, Anatomical and functional aspects of testicular descent and cryptorchidism. Endocrine Reviews, 18, 1997, 259-280.

[3]. R.O. Gier, G.B. Marion, Development of the mammalian testis, in A.D. Johnson, W.R. Gomes,N.D. Vandemark (Eds), The Testis, New York: Academic Press, 1970, 1-45

[4]. J. Kumagai, S.Y. Hsu, H. Matsui, J. Roh, P. Fu, J.D.Wade, R.A.D. Bathgate, and A.J.W. NsuehINSL3/ Leydig insulin-like peptide activates the LGR8 receptor important in testis descent, Journal ofBiological Chemistry, 277, 2002, 31283-31286.

[5]. K. Bay, K.M. Main, J. Toppari, and N.E. Skakkebaek, Testicular descent: INSL3, testosterone, genes and the intrauterine milieu, Nature Reviews.Urology, 8, 2011, 187-196.

[6]. J.M.Hutson, and L.M. Watts, Both gonadotropin and testosterone fail to reverse estrogen-induced cryptorchidism in female mice: Further evidence for non-androgenic control of testicular descent in the fetus. Pediatric Surgery International, 5, 1990, 13-18.

ABSTRACT: The milk yield, composition, dam and kid weight of nine lactating West African Dwarf goats fed dietary levels of palm kernel cake were assessed. The completely randomized design with three dietary treatment levels (0, 20 and 30%) of palm kernel cake and three goats per treatment was used. The values of the milk yields (milk offtake) were all significant P<0.05). The average milk yield per day ranged from 40.00 - 205.00 gday-1. The mean milk yield at the three dietary levels (0, 20 and 30%) were 138.33, 159.44 and 175.56 gday-1 respectively.

[1] T.O. Bawala, O.A. Isah, and A.O. Akinsoyinu, Studies on milk mineral composition of lactating West African Dwarf goats. Medwell Journal of. Animal and. Veterrinary Advances. 6(12), 2006, 1458- 1463.

[2] J.A. Ibeawuchi, F.O. Ahamefule, and I.A. Ringim, The influence of lactation stage on the milk constituents of Sahelian goats. Nigerian .Journal of Animal. Production. 30, 2003, 259 – 264.

[3] L.P.F. Carvalho, D.S.P. Mello, C.R.M. Pereira, M.A.M. Rodrigues, A.R.J. Cabrita, and A.J.M. Fonseca, Chemical composition, in vivo digestibility, N degradability and enzymatic intestinal digestibility of five protein supplements. Animal. Feed Science Technology 119, 2005, 171 – 178.

[4] A.O. Akinsoyinu, A.U. Mba, and F.O. Olubajo, Studies on milk yield and composition of the West African dwarf goat in Nigeria. Journal of Dairy Research. 44, 1977, 57- 62.

[5] AOAC, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official methods of analysis (Washington D.C. USA, 2005) pp. 48.

[6] P.J. Van Soest, J.B. Robertston, B.A. Lewis, Methods for dietary fibre neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 1991, 3583-3597.

ABSTRACT: This particular study was conducted based on the agro-ecosystem that lies into the human activity of an agricultural society. Being an agro based country eco-friendly environment is crucial for the reproduction of various species like plants, animals, fisheries etc. and to immune them from extinction. Three Upazilas namely Gouripur, Ishwarganj and Haluaghat from Mymensingh district were selected with a view to analyzing the changes of biodiversity of different species and identifying the causes of extinction and the threatened species in the study areas. It was found that, among four indexes (Shannon, richness, evenness and dominance) plant species richness index was increasing which was highest in Ishwarganj (2.68) and dominance index was decreasing which was lowest in Ishwarganj (0.40) in 2014. Some species of medicinal plants were found extinct.

[1] Pingali, P. L. & Rosegrant, M. W., 1995. Agricultural commercialization and diversification: Processes and policies, Food Policy 20(3), 171-85.
[2] Das S. 1982. The forest management practices in Bangladesh. In Proceedings of the Second national forestry Conference; Jan 21-26. Bangladesh.
[3] Rahman MS, Akter S. 2013. Carbon forestry: scope and benefit in Bangladesh. J For Sci 29:249-256.
[4] Hossain MK. 2005. Conversion of diptero carps-dominant natural forests to short rotation plantations- an unrecoverable threat to the native dipterocarps in Bangladesh. Bangladesh: Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University.
[5] FAO. 2007. Brief on national forest inventory NFI Bangladesh. Rome: Forest Resources Development Service, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Available from http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/ap180e/ap180e.pdf
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ABSTRACT: In the present study antibacterial activities of essential oils obtained from aerial parts of aromatic plants were tested, thyme (Thymus ciliatus), oregano (Origanum compactum), rosemary (Romasmarinus officinalis) and wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris) oils were investigated against the Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (PSS 2064-10) the causal agent of olive knots. By using the paper disc diffusion assay, all essential oils have shown antibacterial activity. Essential oils used in the paper disc diffusion assay varied in their antibacterial activity. Essential oil from thyme was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of PSS 2064-10, followed by those obtained from oregano, rosemary and wormwood.

[1] Zeller, W. 2005. Status of biocontrol methods against fire blight. Internal Conference on: Biological and pro-ecological methods for control of diseases in orchards and small fruit plantations. J. of Skierniewice. 21: 29- 31.

[2] Bruneton, J. 1999. Pharmacognosy phytochemistry medicinal plants. Second Edition Technique & Documentation Lavoisier, Paris, France. 11-19.

[3] Wang, S.W., Chen, P.F. and Chang, S.T., 2005. Antifungal activities of essential oils and their constituents from indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum) leaves against wood decay fungi. J. Bioresour. Techno. 96: 813-818.

[4] Isman, M. B. 2000. Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. J. Crop Prot. 19: 603- 608.

[5] Pavela, R. 2006. Insecticidal activity of some essential oils against larvae of Spodoptera littoralis. Fitoterapia. 76: 691-696.

[6] Burt, S. 2004. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods - a review. INT. J. FOOD MICROBIOL. 94: 223-253.

ABSTRACT: Cotton yield is mostly associated with sowing date and also interlinked with yield contributing traits. The main object of present study was to evaluate the effects of sowing dates on cum varietal trial of different cotton genotypes and its interlinked traits, in 2014. During this experiment four different sowing dates were applied, those were (1st April, 20th April, 10th May and 30th May, 2014) against three cotton cultivars (TH-84/99, TH-8/99 and CRIS-134), using a three replicated Randomized Complete Block Design under climatic conditions of Tandojam Sindh Pakistan. The results revealed that cotton sown on 20th April proved to be an optimum sowing date and differences in the values of all the traits between 1st April or 20th April sowing were non-significant (P>0.05). The 1st April sowing date resulted 150 cm plant height, 1.62 monopodial branches, 18.73 sympodial branches, 38.39 productive bolls, 26.80 mm staple length, 112.95 g seed cotton yield plant-1, 34.72% G.O.T. and 2385.82 kg of seed cotton yield ha-1.

[1]. Arshad, M., Afzal, M., Khan, M. I., and Rashid, M. (2004). Performance of newly developed cotton strains for economic and fiber traits in National Coordinated Varietal Trials (NCVT). Pak. J. Agri. Sci. & Ind. Res., 46 (5), 373-375.
[2]. Dates on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Cultivars. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 2 (6): 461-463, 2003.
[3]. El-Refai, S.A. and A.K. Emam. 1998. Some factors affecting cotton aphids, whitefly, boll worms infestations and cotton yield. Annals of Agricultural Science, Cairo, 39 (1) : 431-439.
[4]. Niazi, S.K. 2005. Response of cotton cultivars to different sowing dates. M.Sc. (Agronomy) Thesis submitted to Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pp. 1-59.
[5]. Qayyum. S.M., A.H. Ansari, N.A. Choudhry and M.M.A. Baig, 1990. Seed cotton yield, its components and their interrelation response of six upland cotton cultivars with regard to sowing dates. The Pak. Cottons 34: 59-73.
[6]. Shoaib, M., A.Shah, A.Razaque, M.J.Khan, M.Yousaf, A.N.Shah, N.Shah, A.Baksh, M.Y.Baloch.2015. Influence of Different Planting Scheduling and Cultivar on the Growth and Yield of Cotton Crop. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. ) Vol.5, No.1, 2015

ABSTRACT: Among the eight fungicides evaluated in vitro using poisoned food technique at five different concentrations, hexaconazole, tebuconazole+trifloxistrobin, carbendazim and mancozeb recorded 100% inhibition in the growth of S. oryzae at all the five concentrations tested. Isoprothiolone, kasugamycin, tricyclazole and validamycin varied in their inhibitory effect on S. oryzae at different concentrations. Among the six plant extracts tested with five concentrations each, bulb extract of Allium sativum was most effective in inhibiting the growth of S. oryzae (63.4%), while leaf extract of Ocimumbasilicum recorded least inhibition (3.9%). Inhibition in the radial growth of S. oryzae due to extracts of Eucalyptus, Curcuma, Aloe vera and Allium cepa was in between Allium sativum and Ocimumbasilicum. None of the seven isolates of Trichoderma and eight isolates of Pseudomonasfluorescensshowed significant antagonistic effect on the growth of S. oryzae.

Key Words: Biocontrolagents, Botanical extracts, Fungicides, Rice sheath rot,Sarocladiumoryzae

[1]. Ahmed, M., Hossain, M., Hassan, K. and Dash, C. K. 2013. Efficacy of different plant extract on reducing seed borne infection and increasing germination of collected rice seed sample. Universal journal of plant science 1 (3): 66-73.
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[5]. Chaliganjewar. S. D., Lakpale. N., Khare. N and Trimurthy, V. S. 2010. Evaluation of resistance inducing agents against sheath rot disease and yield of rice. Annals of Plant protection sciences. 18(1): 273-274.
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ABSTRACT: A study to investigate the insecticidal properties of aqueous extracts of neem kernel on Flea beetle (Podagrica uniforma J.) infesting okra plant was conducted in the rainy season of 2014, at the University Teaching and Research Farm of the Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Jega, Kebbi State. The experiments consisted of three levels of Neem Kernel Extracts NKE 10%, NKE 20%, control (NKE 0%) and a synthetic insecticide (Lambdacyhalothrin) as a check. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three replications. Data were obtained on Flea Beetle Count, number of leaf damage and number of pod damage.

[1]. Alves P. D., Brandӑo M. G. L., Nunan E.A. and Vianna-Soares, C.D. (2009). Chromatograhic Evaluation and Antimicrobial activity of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Meliaceae) leaves hydro-alcoholic extracts. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacology, 19:510-515.
[2]. Amugi, C. F., Echezona, B. C. and Dialohe, S. A. (2012). Extraction fractions of ginger(Zingiber offinale F.) and residue in the control of field and storage pests. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. 4: 45-52.
[3]. Anibal F, and Condor, G. (2007). Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) insecticides on parasitoids. The Peruvian Journal of Biology, 14: 69-74.
[4]. Ascher K.R.S. (1993). Nonconventional insecticidal effects of pesticides available from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 22: 433-449.
[5]. Atawodi S.E. and Atawodi J.C. (2009). Azadirachta indica (neem): a plant of multiple biological and pharmacological activities. Phytochemistry Reviews, 8: 601-620.

ABSTRACT: The present study was undertaken on "Influence of age of cows on compositional quality of milk produced at organized & unorganized dairy farm Allahabad" on 20 (H.F .Crosses) healthy cows from each organized (SHIATS) & unorganized (Kushwaha) dairy farm Allahabad U. P. All cows were housed in tail to tail barn under similar management conditions. All sanitary precautions were undertaken to produce clean milk by dry full hand method of milking. Representative samples of 200 ml milk were collected at different age groups of cows viz. 3-5yr, 5-7yr and 7-9yr.

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ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the content of the betacyanin in six genera of Amaranthaceae (Achyranthes, Aerva, Althernantera, Amaranthus, Celosia, Gomphrena), and their classification based on betacyanin compound. The analysis of betacyanin compound applies spectrometry and LCMS. Cluster analysis is performed using NTSYSpc. The findings indicate that all taxa studied contains betacyanin compound. The highest content is found in genus Alternantera up to 447.72 μgr/g in dry weight. For classification of family Amaranthaceae, betacyanin compound marker is divided into two clade where similarity values reaches 44.00%. Clade one is composed of two genera, Celosia and Alternanthera with similarity values up to 60.00%. Clade two consists of four genera Amaranthus, Alternanthera, Acyranthes, Gomphrena and Beta with a similarity value up to 60.00%.

Keywords: Amaranthaceae, Betacyanin, Classification, Morphology

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