IOSR-JAVS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-6 ~ JUNE-2015

ABSTRACT: Four tested downy mildew resistant pearl millet varieties were crossed to four tested downy mildew susceptible pearl millet varieties using North Carolina design 11 mating design. Sixteen hybrids and their parents (eight) were evaluated for downy mildew incidence, downy mildew severity and yield in two locations. The parents that were tested resistant to downy mildew were found to be susceptible while the susceptible parents maintained their downy mildew status. The aim of the study was to select hybrids with least disease incidence and high yield. Those that were high yielding have high degree of tolerance for downy mildew disease. From the analysis of variance, highly significant mean squares were observed among the genotypes for all the agronomic characters except disease severity and number of tillers per plot. Mean square of the location × genotype was highly significant for yield and significant for number of panicles per plot. Seven hybrids were found to moderately resistant and high yielding indicating their tolerance to the pathogen.

[1]. Andrews, D.J., J.F. Rajewski, and K.A. Kumar, (1993). Pearl millet: New feed grain crops. pp 198-208. In J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), New Crops. Wiley, New York .
[2]. Ball, S.L. (1983). Pathogenic variability of downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola) on pearl millet. I. Host cultivar reactions to different pathogen isolates. Ann. Appl. Biol., 102: 257–64
[3]. Chahal,S. S., Thakur, R. P. and Mathur, S. B.(1994). Seed-borne Diseases and Seed Health Testing of Pearl Millet. Danish Government Institute of Seed Pathology for Developing Countries, Copenhages, Denmark. Pp72.
[4]. Hallauer, A.R., and J.B. Miranda, (1981). Quantitative genetics in maize breeding. 2nd ed. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, IA.
[5]. Hash C. T, Witcombe, J. R., Thakur, R. P., Bhatnagar, S. K., Singh, S. D. and Wilson J. P. (1997). Breeding pearl millet disease resistance, Pages 121-372. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Genetic Improvement of Sorghum and Pearl Millet, Lubbock, Texas, USA, 22-27 September, 1996.
[6]. Khairwal, I.S., K.N. Rai., D.J. Andrews and G. Harinarayana, (1999). Pearl millet breeding. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. PVT. Ltd. New Delhi.

ABSTRACT: The field isolates of Eimeria tenella was attenuated by serial passage through chicken, of the first oocysts produced during infection. The selection pressure resulted in a reduction in the prepatent period of the parasite, shown to be due to the selection of a line predominantly with lesser number of generations of schizonts. The precocious lines had a reproductive potential much lower than that of the parent strain and it was significantly less pathogenic. These precocious lines could be useful as a vaccine inoculum to immunizing birds against chicken coccidiosis.

Keywords: Eimeria tenella, Precocious line, Vaccine, Chicken Passage

[1]. Eckert, J., R. Braun, M. W. Shirley, P. Coudert (1995): cost 89/820 Biotechnology: Guidelines on techniques in coccidiosis research, European commission, Agriculture Biotechnology, Luxemburg L 2920, pp. 1-190.
[2]. Haug A., Thebo P., Mattsson J.G. A simplified protocol for molecular identification of Eimeria species in field samples. Vet. Parasitol. 2007;146:35–45.
[3]. Jeffers, T.K. (1975). Attenuation of Eimeria tenella through selection for precociousness. Journal of Parasitol, 61: 1083:1090
[4]. Long, P.L., 1972. Eimeria tenella: reproduction, pathogenicity and immunogenicity of a strain maintained in chick embryos by serial passage. J. Comp.Pathol.32: 429-437.
[5]. McDonald, V., Ballingall, S. and Shirley, M.W., 1982. A preliminary study of the nature of infection and immunity in chickens given an attenuated line of Eimeria acervulina. Parasitol.84, 21-30.

ABSTRACT: In this study, the clinical and ultrasonographic findings of chronic renal failure (CRF) in dogs is presented with relation demographics in a total of 31 CRF dogs. The diagnosis involved clinical observations, hematology, serum biochemical profile, urinalysis and ultrasonography. The respective findings were compared with 10 healthy control dogs. CRF with male predominance especially in 8 to 12 years dogs and in spitz breed was observed. The predominant signs in CRF dogs included anorexia, vomition, dullness, weight loss, oral ulcers, polyuria, and polydipsia, pallor of mucosa, hypertension recumbency and blindness. Blood picture revealed anemia with mild neutrophilic leukocytosis. Serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, sodium and phosphorus levels were significantly elevated whereas total protein and albumin were reduced. Urine had lower specific gravity and contained higher amounts of protein, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase enzymes. Nephrosonography revealed hyperechoic renal cortex and medulla, indistinct cortico-medullary junction and shrinkage of kidneys.

Keywords – Chronic renal failure, Hypertension, Nephrosonography, Dogs, Incidence, Kidney, Diagnosis

[1]. O'Neill DE, Elliot J, Church DB et al., Mc GrunyPD, Thomson PC, Brodbett DC. Chronic kidney disease in dogs in UK veterinary practices: prevalence, risk factors, and survival. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 27, 2013, 814-21.
[2]. McGrooty Y.Diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats. In Practice, 30, 2008, 502-07.
[3]. Polzin DJ. 11 guidelines for conservatively treating chronic kidney disease. Veterinary Medicine 102, 2007, 788-99.
[4]. Brown S, Elliott J, Francey T, Polzin D, Vaden S. et al. Consensus recommendations for standard therapy of glomerular disease in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 27 Suppl 1, 2013, S27-43.
[5]. Harini S, Adilaxmamma K, Mohan EM, Srilatha C, Alpha Raj M. Antihyperlipidemic activity of dietary supplementation of chickpea sprouts in ovariectomy-induced dyslipidemia in rats. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine [Epub ahead of print] [cited 2015 May 20]. Available from: http://www.jaim.in/preprintarticle.asp?id=146546
[6]. Chaitanya Kumar TV, Prasad TNVKV, Adilaxmamma K, Alpha Raj M, Muralidhar Y, Eswara Prasad P. Novel synthesis of nanosilver particles using plant active principle aloin and evaluation of their cytotoxic effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 4(Suppl. 1), 2014, S92-S96.

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the postcoital anticonceptive activities of the aqueous methanolic extract of unripe Carica papaya (AMEUCP) fruits in rats. The unripe papaya fruits were extracted by cold marceration. The anticonceptive activity of AMEUCP was studied using mature albino rats (15 females and 8 males). Successfully mated rats were separated and classified into three (3) groups (n=5). Group A (control) received 0.5 ml of distilled water while groups B and C received AMEUCP at 450 and 900 mg/kg respectively from the 1st day to the 7thday of pregnancy. They were sacrificed on their 10th day of pregnancy and the viable and non-viable fetuses, adsorbing sites and corpora lutea were counted. Data obtained from the study were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

[1]. R. Kunzia, Population seven (7) billion, National Geographic Magazine, 2010.
[2]. V.P. Dixit, Plant products /non-steroidal compounds affecting fertility in the Indian desert in: I. Parkash and P. K. Ghosh (eds), Rodents in Indian Agriculture, 1 (Jodhpur, India; Scientific publishers, 1992), 595-604.
[3]. M. Dehghan, T. Martin and R. Dehghanan, Anti-fertility effect of Iranian neem seed alcoholic extract on epididymal sperm of mice. Iranian journal of reproductive medicine, 3, 2005, 83-89.
[4]. M. Gandhi, R. Lal, A. Sankaranarayanan, and P.L.Sharma, Post-coital antifertility activity of Ruta graveolens in female rats and hamsters, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 348,1991, 49–59.
[5]. E. Gebri, E. Makonnen, L. Zerihun and A. Debella, The possible mechanisms for the antifertility action of methanolic root extract of Rumex studelii. African Health Science, 5, 2005, 119-125.

ABSTRACT: The number of species infected and at risk with gastrointestinal parasites has been increasing over some years resulting to loss of many ruminants, the study was conducted between January to December 2013 as it aimed at assessing the seasonal prevalence of gastroenteritis and to determine Prevalence and Counts of Adult Nematode in sheep and goats using saturated sodium chloride as floatation medium. During the study, a total of 249 sheep and goats were randomly sampled with 142 sheep and 107 goats examined across the selected districts. Data obtained were analysed using Mann-Whitney U-test at 5% level of significance.

[1]. Abebe, W & Esayas. (2001). Survey on ovine and caprine gastrointestinal helminthiasis in eastern Eastern part of Ethiopia during the dry season of the year. Revue veterinary medicine, 152(5): 379-384.
[2]. Amenu, A. (2005). Epidemiology of gastrointestinal tract nematodes of small ruminants in three different Agro ecological zones of Southern Ethiopia. M.Sc thesis. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ades Ababa University , Debre-Zeit. Ethiopia. 99.
[3]. Asif, M., Azeem, S., Asif, S., Nazir, S. (2008). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of sheep and goats in and around Rawalpindiand Islamabad, Pakistan. Journal of Veterinary and animal Science . 1. 14-17.
[4]. Bikila, E., Yeshitla, A., Wurku, T., Teka, F. & Benti, D. (2013). Epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants in Gechi District, Southwest Ethiopia. Advances in Biological Research. 7(5): 169-174.

ABSTRACT: Climate change affects agriculture, food security and farmers. With this perspective, it is necessary to carry out analysis according to the geography of Gujarat, which makes the state more vulnerable to the changes in precipitation and temperature pattern. The present study precisely aims to assess the impact of these patterns on agriculturalsoilfor which the samples were collected from semi-arid region, North Gujarat and high rainfall zone viz. South Gujarat. Soil physico-chemical properties were analyzed using standard methods and the derived data was subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS Ver.20. The soil porosity, water holding capacity and moisture content of North Gujarat exhibited an increasing trend from pre- to post-monsoon whereas decreasing trend was marked during the summer.

[1]. Eric C. Brevik, The Potential Impact of Climate Change on Soil Properties and Processes and Corresponding Influence on Food Security, Departments of Natural Sciences and Agriculture and Technical Studies, Dickinson State University, Dickinson, ND, 2013.
[2]. Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor, M., Miller, H.L., Eds., IPCC. Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis; Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2007; pp. 1–18.
[3]. Link, S.O.; Smith, J.L.; Halverson, J.J.; Bolton, H., Jr. A reciprocal transplant experiment within a climatic gradient in a semiarid shrub-steppe ecosystem: Effects on bunchgrass growth and reproduction, soil carbon, and soil nitrogen. Glob. Change Biol. 2003, 9, 1097–1105.
[4]. Brevik, E.C. Climate Change, Soils, and Human Health. In Soils and Human Health; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2013; pp. 345–383
[5]. Mrutyunjay Swain, S. S. Kalamkar, Kalpana M. Kapadia, AERC report-state of Gujarat agriculture submitted to the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi, 2011-12.

ABSTRACT: The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of gibberellic acid and benzyladenine on morphological, phenological and yield attributes of gladiolus cv. Red Candyman under Assam conditions. The experiment was laid out in RBD with eleven treatments replicated three times. The results revealed that morphological characters were significantly influenced by GA₃ at 200 ppm which recorded the highest plant height, number of leaves per plant and leaf area. Significantly the minimum days to emergence of shoot, days to initiation of spike, days to full emergence of spike, days taken for first floret to show colour and days taken for first floret to open was exhibited by GA₃ at 200 ppm. The treatment GA₃ at 250 ppm recorded the maximum duration of flowering.

[1]. K. Ezhilmathi, P.V. Singh and A. Arora, Effect of 5-sulfosalicylic acid on antioxidant activity in relation to vase life of Gladiolus cut flowers, Plant Growth Regulation,55, 2008, 65-71.
[2]. S.K. Bhattacharjee and L.C. De, Post harvest technology of cut flowers and foliage plants, In: Advanced Commercial Floriculture, I,2001, 178-206.
[3]. A. Lee and S.R. Rhee, Development of floral organ and physio chemical changes of cut Iris Hollandica Blue magic according to plant growth regulators and storage temperature, Acta Hort., 673, 2005, 315-321.
[4]. D.V.S. Raju, R.L. Misra and V.P. Singh, Effect of pre harvest spray of thiol compound on post harvest life of gladiolus spikes, J. Ornament. Hortic, 11(1), 2008, 75-76.
[5]. A. Singh and K. Jitendra, Effects of plant growth regulators and sucrose on post harvest physiology, membrane stability and vase life of cut spikes of gladiolus, Plant Growth Regulation, 55, 2008, 221-229.

ABSTRACT: The six (6) must feed resources (sorghum husk, cowpea husk, Cottonseed cake, wheat offal, commercial bran and poultry litter) in used for ruminants feeding in Borno State and environments were studied. Variation in nutrient values of the local ingredients necessitates the combination of two or more of the feed ingredients to optimize the quality and quantity of feed for the teaming ruminant population in the study area. Ten diets were formulated based on measurement of the six feed resources mixing up to 100kg for each formulation. A total of 1 ton of feed was formulated. Formulation five (F5) with 3.8% CP, 13.0%CF, and 31.5% mean degradation at six hours,

[1]. A.O.A.C. (2000) Official Methods of Analysis, 17th edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, AOAC Inc. Arlington, Virginia, USA
[2]. Alaku, S.S (1983): Body and carcass losses in goats during the advance of period of the West Africa Sahelian dry season, world. World review on animal production. 19:49 – 54
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ABSTRACT: Present investigation on "Isolation And Characterization of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria from agricultural rhizospere "was carried out with the objectives of Isolation and Characterization of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria. A study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria from Soil and Root nodule of Nashik area. Four soil samples and two root nodule samples were collected randomly to estimate microbial population which used plate count method. The present study describes the characterization of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria strain isolated from leguminous plant species.\The characterization of isolated pure cultures through colony morphology analysis,

[1]. A. Alia , characterization of rhizobium stran isolated from the roots of Glycine max (soybean).Department of botany, Rajeev Gandhi College Bhopal
[2]. M. K. Sharma and D. M. Kumawat A study on evaluation of nitrogen fixation potential in soybean cultivar using commercial and indigenous strains .European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2011, 1 (4):93-97
[3]. Suliasih Sri Widawati (2005) Isolation and Identification of Phosphate Solubilizing and Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria from Soil in Wamena Biological Garden, Jayawijaya, Papua Biodivercitas ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 6, Nomor 5 Juli 2005 Halaman: 175-177
[4]. E. Tamás , Gyongyver M., Eva L., Eva G., Istvan M., Beata A., Szabolcs L., Microbial Products as Natural Alternative to Fertilisers: Isolation and Characterisation of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria .U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series B, Vol. 72, Iss. 3, 2010 ISSN 1454-2331.
[5]. M. Yoshiki , Horii S., Matsuno T., and Kubo M., Soybean as a Nitrogen Supplier.(2013).

ABSTRACT: Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc., Zingiberaceae) is an important commercial crop in tropical and subtropical countries. The whole plant is refreshingly aromatic but it is the underground rhizome (raw or processed) which is valued as spice. Nepal occupies fourth position in the world in terms of ginger production after India, China, and Indonesia, respectively. Among the several factors affecting the ginger production, one of the prime factors is the rhizome rot caused by few soil fungi like Pythium spp., Fusarium spp, etc. These fungi attack ginger rhizome separately and sometimes together sometimes causing more than 50%-70% loss in rhizome production.

[1]. Anoop, K., Suseela Bhai, R. and Shiva, K.N. 2014. A Survey On The Incidence Of Rhizome Rot Disease In Major Turmeric Growing Tracts Of South India And Isolation Of Associated Organisms. Indian Journal of Advances in Plant Research (IJAPR). Vol.1 (6):Pp. 17-23.
[2]. ANSAB. 2011. A report on "Value Chain/ Market Analysis of the Ginger Sub-Sector in Nepal".
[3]. Dohroo, N.P., Kansal, S. and Ahluwalia, N. 2012. Status of soft rot of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Department of Vegetable Science Dr.Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry Nauni, Solan-173 230 (HP).
[4]. Chowdhury, E.K., Hasan, M.M., Mustarin, K., Hasan, M.S. and Fancy, R. 2009. Efficacy of different fungicides in controlling rhizome rot of ginger. J. Agrofor. Environ. Vol 3 (1):Pp. 179-181.
[5]. Jayashree, E., Kandiannan, K., Prasath, D., Rashid, P., Sasikumar B, Senthil Kumar, C.M., Srinivasan, V., Suseela Bhai, R. and Thankamani, C.K. 2014. Ginger (Extension Pamphlet). ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala.

ABSTRACT: Rectal prolapse is a condition involving displacement of the rectum, commonly due to excessive straining, diet or inherited traits. A 6-month-old calf with congenital tail defect weighing 68 kg was presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia with a grade I incomplete rectal prolapse. This condition was corrected with surgical repair using Buhner's needle and umbilical tape following epidural nerve blocking using 2% Lidocaine. The calf was also treated with the administered 650ml of 0.9% Nacl intravenous fluid and 100ml of calcium borogluconate intravenously. Topical wound healing powder Negasunt containing (Sulphanilamide 5.0% w/w, coumaphos 3.0% w/w, propoxur 2.0% w/w) and povidone iodine was applied topically to prevent maggots and secondary infection.

[1]. Merriam-Webster, Prolapse. Retrieved April 6, 2014, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/prolapse. [2]. S.I. Rubin, Rectal prolapse: Diseases of the rectum and anus In Merck Veterinary Manual (USA, Merck Sharp&Dohme Corp., Merck & Co, 2013). [3]. S.R. Haskell, Farm animal surgery (St-Louis, Saunders, 2004).
[4]. E.A. David, and D.M. Matt. Rectal prolapse. Veterinary Clinic of North America: Food Animal Practice, 24(2), 2008, 403 – 408.
[5]. R.S. Philip, D.P. Colin, and M. Alastair, Cattle Medicine (London, Manson publishing, 2011). [6]. A. Steiner, Farm animal surgery (St-Louis, Saunders, 2004).
[7]. B.A. Roger, and W David, Colour Atlas of Diseases and Disorders of Cattle (UK, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2011).

ABSTRACT: field experiment was conducted in October 2011- July 2012 to assess the biochemical characteristics to screen out the yielding potentiality and grain quality of some rice cultivars Bashful (V1), Posursail(V2), Gochi(V3), Taipi(V4), Paiza(V5), Lafaya(V6), Jirashail(V7), BRRIdhan 28(V8) and Banglamoti(V9). Chlorophylls were determined from leaves and protein, starch contents were determined from the grains from the nine rice cultivars. The study showed that the total leaf chlorophyll, chlorophyll 'a', chlorophyll 'b', and total carotenoid content amongst the nine cultivars were variable.

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ABSTRACT: A field study was conducted at Sardarkrushinagar in North Gujarat during crop season kharif 2012 to know the existence of genotype x environment interaction and stability for yield and yield attributes in three different environments. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated thrice. Stability parameters that are useful tools for identification of genotypes with specific and wide adaptations and contrasting role played by genotype, environments and interaction in varied environments were considered and analyzed. Pooled Analysis of variance over three environments revealed the genotypic variances were highly significant for all the characters including seed yield per plant which indicates considerable genetic variability was present in the population. The three genotypes viz., GCH 4, GCH 6, GCH 7 and parental lines viz., Geeta, 48-1 and VP 1 were found stable across environments.

1]. D.K. Patel,Y.Ravindrababu and P.J.Patel (2011). Genotype x environmental interaction and stability parameters for yield and yield component traits in castor (Ricinus communis L.) International journal of forestry and Crop Improvement.2 (1) 64-67
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