IOSR-JAVS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-12 ~ Dec-2016

ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the effect of aerobic rice system, either with or without organic fertilization and intercropping with soybean, on growth and yield of two genotypes of red rice. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design testing three treatment factors: rice cultivation techniques (T1= conventional, T2= aerobic rice intercropped with soybean, T3= aerobic rice without intercropping); organic fertilization (B0= without, B1= with organic fertilization using "Bokashi"); red rice genotypes (V1= Inpago Unram 1, V2= Amp-G9), with three replications...............

Keywords: Aerobic rice system, intercropping, organic fertilization, red rice, soybean

[1]. Abdel-Aal., S.M., J.C. Young, and I. Rabalski. 2006. Anthocyanin composition in Black, Blue, Pink, Purple, and Red Cereal
Grains. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54: 4696 – 4704.
[2]. Anggraini, T., Novelina, U. Limber and R. Amelia. 2015. Antioxidant Activities of Some Red, Black and White Rice Cultivar from
West Sumatra, Indonesia. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 14: 112-117.
[3]. Aryana, I.G.P.M., and W. Wangiyana, 2016. Yield Performance and Adaptation of Promising Amphibious Red Rice Lines on Six
Growing Environments in Lombok, Indonesia. Agrivita, 38: 40-46. (http://dx.doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v38i1.494)
[4]. Chu, G.X., Q.R. Shen, and J.L. Cao. 2004. Nitrogen fixation and N transfer from peanut to rice cultivated in aerobic soil in an
intercropping system and its effect on soil N fertility. Plant and Soil, 263: 17–27.
[5]. Deptan. 1977. Guides for Cultivation of Rice, Non-rice Food Crops, and Vegetables. Mass Guidance Controlling Office, Ministry
of Agriculture, Jakarta. (text in Indonesian)..

ABSTRACT:The experiment was conducted at farmer's field during 2014 and 2015.Tomato seedlings raised in naturally infested nursery.Seedlings were lifted after 45 days of sowing and root-dip treatments were given by different plant extracts viz., Neem (Azadirachtaindica), Jatropha (Jatrophacurcas) and Aak (Calotropisgigantea) of 20 and 30 per cent concentrations and chemical viz., Imidacloprid of 2 and 3 percent concentration exposure period was 4 hours. 30 % botanical extract of Neem (A.indica) and 3 % Imidacloprid was found effective. Reduced final nematode population(14183, 13072 and 13628) and increased tomato yield (237.50, 251............

Keywords: Botanicals and Chemicals, Meloidogyne incognita,Root-dip treatment, Tomato.

[1]. Alam, M.M., Hasan, N. and Saxena, S.K. 1975. Influence of concomitant population on Meloidogyne incognita and Tylenchorhynchusbrasssicae on their development and on the growth on tomato. Indian J. Nematol. 5(2) : 247-249.
[2]. Arya, H.C. 1957. Root-knot diseases of tomatoes in Jodhpur. Science and Culture. 22(7) : 391-393.
[3]. Asawalam, E. F. and Adesiyan, S.O. 2001. Comparison of nematicidal potentials of Azadirachtaindica and Carbofuran (Furadan) on the growth and yield of root-knot nematode infested okra. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment. 3 : 85-92.
[4]. Barber, C.A. 1901. A tea ell worm disease in South India. Dept. Land Record, Madras Agricultural Branch, 2. Bull. No. 45.
[5]. Bhatti, D.S. and Jain, R.K. 1977. Estimation of losses in okra, tomato and brinjal yield due to Meloidogyne incognita. Indian J. Nematol.7(1) : 37-41..

ABSTRACT:A study on incompatibility mechanism of Pollen of a boron resistant genotype on the styler tissues of boron susceptible genotypes in bread wheatshowed that the pollen of resistant genotype germinated on the stigmata of susceptible genotypes but the pollen tube growth did not continue beyond the stigma, when boron was sprayed on the florets of susceptible genotypes 48h before pollination and pollinated by the pollen of boron resistant genotype the pollen tube growth was normal leading to successful fertilization and grain formation. Thus boron spray helped in overcoming the styler incompatibility of boron susceptible genotypes...........

Keywords: Styler incompatibility, boron susceptibility, pollen tube growth, fertilization.

[1] Brenchley WE (1909), On the strengtrh and development of the grain wheat (Triticumvulgare) Annual Botany 23: 117 – 139.
[2] Chatterjee, BN, chatterjee M, Das NR (1980) Note on difference in the response of wheat varieties to boron. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 50 (10) : 796.
[3] Ganguly B (1979) Note on seedlessness in some wheat vcarities caused by boron deficiency. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences.49 (5) : 384 – 386.
[4] Gauch HG and Dugger WM (1953). The role of boron in the translocation of sucrose. Plant physiology. 28: 457-466.
[5] Jost M and Durman P (1976). Potential use of boron preparation for additional fertility restoration in partially restored wheat hybrids. PoljoprivrendnaZnanstvenaSmotra, 38: 99 – 104..

ABSTRACT:The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of probiotic, Acidifiers and their combination on carcass characteristics, internal organs, cuts performance and meat to bone ratio in broilers chicks. Two hundred and twenty, one day old unsexed broiler chicks (Ross308 strain) was used in this study. They were divided into four groups with five replicates (11 chicks per each). Group A fed the basal diet (control), group B fed the basal diet supplemented with probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) powder (1.6X 109 CFU/gm) at inclusion rate of 500gm/tone. Group C fed the basal diet supplemented with acidifiers............

Keywords: Broilers, Bacillus, Carcass traits. growth promoters

[1] V. B., Fascina, Sartori, E. Gonzales, FB. de Carvalho , I M, Gonçalves , P.de Souza , G. do, , V. Polycarpo , A.C, Stradiotti., V.C. Pelícia . Phytogenic additives and organic acids in broiler chicken diets. RevistaBrasileira de Zootecnia , 41 (10) 2012, 2189-2197
[2] S.A N. Alavi, A. Zakeri , B., Kamarani, Y.Pourakbari Effect of Prebiotics, Probiotics, Acidfire, Growth Promoter Antibiotics andSynbiotic on Humural Immunity of Broiler Chickens. Global Veterinaria 8 (6) 2012. : 612-617,
[3] R. Fallah and H. Rezaei, .Effect of dietary prebiotic and acidifier supplementation on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and serum biochemical parameters of broilers. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology Vol. 7(2), 2013, 21-24
[4] O.A. Ogunwole, O.A. Abu and I.A. Adepoju , Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Finishers Fed Acidifier Based Diets. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 10 (7), 2011., 631-636.
[5] S. Adil , T. Bandy, G.A. Bahat, M.Salahuddin, and S. Raquib, Shanaz, Response of broiler chicken to dietary supplementation of organic acids. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 12(3): 2011. 498-508..

ABSTRACT:The aim of present study was to provide preliminary information about the population characteristics and the abundance of red shrimp, Aristeus antennatus, inhabiting the deep sea of Levantine sea, Mediterranean. Data were collected during 86 commercial bottom trawl hauls carried at depths from 240 m to 920 m between May 2005 and September 2005 by making use of two commercial trawlers. A total of 1943 individuals of A. antennatus (1575 males and 368 females) were caught..........

Keywords: Red shrimp, Aristeus antennatus, Levantine Sea, Mediterranean, Deep Sea Fishery

[1] C.Politou, S.Kavadas, C.Mytilineou, A.Tursi, R. Carlucciand G. Lembo, Fisheries resources in the deep waters of the eastern Mediterranean (Greek Ionian Sea),Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, 31,2003, 35.
[2] A.Carbonell, M.Carbonell, M.Demestre, A.Grau, and S. Monserrat, The red shrimp Aristeus antennatus (Risso, 1816) fishery and biology in the Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean,Fisheries Research, 44, 1999, 1-13.
[3] T.Ozcan, E. Irmak, A. S.AtesandT.Katagan, First record of the red shrimp, Aristeus antennatus (Risso, 1816)(Decapoda: Aristeidae) from the Aegean Sea coast of Turkey,Mediterranean Marine Science, 10(1),2009, 121-124.
[4] F.Sardà, A. Calafat, A.Flexas, A.Tselepides, M. Canals, M. Espino and A. Tursi, An introduction to Mediterranean deep-sea biology,Scientia Marina 68,2004,7-38.
[5] M.Thessalou-Legaki, Distribution of Aristeus antennatus and Aristaeomorphafoliaceain the Eastern Mediterranean. Proceedings of the life cycles and fisheries of the deep-water red shrimps AristaeomorphafoliaceaandAristeus antennatus, Istituto di TecnologiadellaPesca e del Pescato, Mazzara del Vallo, Italy,1994, 61-62.

ABSTRACT:In the present study, two different host plant leaves were used to analyse the feeding activity of Bomby mori. In the host plant Ricinus communis the larvae tried to feed on the host plant but in a meagre quantity. The feeding rate was 25-50 gms only. 350-700 gms of third and fourth glossy young mulberry leaves were fed by the larvae. In the case of worms fed with Ricinus communis shown wriggling movement and moved towards the corners of the tray. Sign of inconvenience and weakness was observed. Followed by various symptoms the larvae starved to death due to in availability of their regular host plant Morus nigra.........

Keywords: Bombyx mori, Morus nigra, Mulberry leaves, Riccinus communis, Silkworm

[1]. J. Nagaraju, Application of genetic principles in improving silk production. Current Science, Vol.83, No.4 2001.
[2]. A.R. Seidavi, A.R. Bizhannia, R. Sourati, M. Mavvajpour, The nutritional effects of different mulberry varieties on biological characters in silkworm. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 14 (Suppl): S122, 2005.
[3]. K. Murugan, D. Jeyabalan, K.N. Senthil, N.S. Senthil, N. Sivaprakasan, Growth promoting effects of plant products on silkworm. J. Sci. Ind. Res.; 57, 1998,740-745.
[4]. J.M. Legay, Recent advances in silkworm nutrition. Ann Rev Ent 3, 1958, 75-86.
[5]. K. Seki, K. Oshikane, Res. Reports. Fac. Textile and Sericulture, Shinshu University, 1959.

ABSTRACT:The objective of this research was to increase the ethanol production of sweet sorgum stalks by panicle removal. This field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The first factor was stages of panicle removal (50% booth, 100% flowering, and 50% grain filling) and non-panicle removal as control. The second factor was the variety of sweet sorghum (White Local Belu, Numbu, Kawali and Sugar Graze). Variables measured were seedling emergence, stages of 50% booth, 100% flowering and 50% grain filling, stalk fresh weight, juice production, sugar content (brix), ethanol content and ethanol production.........

Keywords: Ethanol, Panicle removal, Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L. ) Moench, Varieties

[1] A. Almodares, R. Taheri, and S. Adeli, Categorization of sweet sorghum cultivars and lines as sweet, dual purpose and grain sorghum. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 46, 2008a, 62–63.
[2] A. Almodares, R. Taheri, and S. Adeli, Stalk yield and carbohydrate composition of sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars and lines at different growth stages. Journal of Malaysian Applied Biology, 37, 2008b, 31-36.
[3] A. Almodares, R. Taheri, M. Hadi, and M. Fathi, The effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on the growth parameters and yield components of two sweet sorghum cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9 (12), 2006, 2350-2353.
[4] G.C. Rains, J.S, Cundiff, and G.E.Welbaum, Sweet sorghum for a piedmont ethanol industry, in J. Janick and J. E.Simon (Eds), New crops, (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1993), 394-395.
[5] M.A. Yudiarto, The use of sorghum as raw materials of bioethanol: Paper presented in Focus Group Discussion "Prospects of Sorghum to Support Food and Energy Security". Department of Research and Technology-BATAN, Serpong, Indonesia, 5 September 2006.

ABSTRACT:To evaluate the prevalence and intensity of infestation of African catfish, 120 Clariasgariepinuswere sampled from February to December 2010 from two Rivers (Black water and Nkam) in the MbôFloodplain of Cameroon. Examination of the fish in the laboratory of ichthyology and hydrobiology of the University of Dschang permitted the observation of twogenera of Nematodes, namely Eustrongylides (dioctophymatidae) andContracaecum (anisakidae). The prevalence and intensity of infestation of C.........

Keywords: Mbô Plain, nematodes, prevalence, intensity,Clariasgariepinus

[1]. T. EfoleEwoukem, O. Mikolasek, J. Aubin, M. TomediEyango, V. Pouomogne& D. Ombredane. Sustainability of fish pond culture in rural farming systems of Central and Western Cameroon, International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability (2016), DOI: 10.1080/14735903.2016.1211243http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2016.1211243
[2]. Ch.Ducarme and J.-C. Micha. Technique de production intensive du poisson chat africain, Clarias gariepinus. TROPICULTURA, 21, 4( 2003) 189-198.
[3]. R. J. Wyatt, and C. R. Kennedy. Host-constrained epidemiology of the fish tapeworm Ligula intestinalis (L). J. Fish. Biol., 35 (1989)215-227.
[4]. J.Tchoumboué. Etude préliminaire de l'incidence d'une espèce non complètement identifiée d'Eustrongylides(nématode) chez les poissons de la retenue d'eau de Bamendjingau Cameroun.Cam.Bull. An.Prod., (1) (1992) 48-54.
[5]. M.Koyun, and F.N. Altunel. Metazoan parasites of bleak (Alburnusalburnus), crucian carp (Carassiuscarassius) and golden carp (Carassiusauratus) inennedamlake,Turkey. Int. J. Zool. Res.,3 (2007) 94-100.

ABSTRACT:A field experiment was conducted to increase ethanol production of panicle removed-sweet sorgum stalks by applying potassium fertilizer. This experiment was designed as a randomized complete block with three replicates. The first factor was rate of potassium fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg KCl ha-1 ). The second factor was the variety of sweet sorghum (White Local Belu, Numbu, Kawali and Super). Variables measured were harvest age at the stage of 100% flowering, stalk length and diameter, stalk and leaf fresh weight, juice volume, ethanol content and ethanol production..........

Keywords: Ethanol, Potassium, Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L. ) Moench], Varieties

[1] A. Almodares, R. Taheri, and S. Adeli, Categorization of sweet sorghum cultivars and lines as sweet, dual purpose and grain sorghum. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 46, 2008a, 62–63.
[2] A. Almodares, R. Taheri, and S. Adeli, Stalk yield and carbohydrate composition of sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars and lines at different growth stages. Journal of Malaysian Applied Biology, 37, 2008b, 31-36.
[3] A. Almodares, R. Taheri, M. Hadi and M. Fathi. The effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on the growth parameters and yield components of two sweet sorghum cultivars. Pakistan Journal of biological Sciences 9 (12), 2006, 2350-2353.
[4] G.C. Rains, J.S, Cundiff, and G.E.Welbaum, Sweet sorghum for a piedmont ethanol industry, in J. Janick and J. E.Simon (Eds), New crops, (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1993), 394-395.
[5] M.A. Yudiarto, The use of sorghum as raw materials of bioethanol: Paper presented in Focus Group Discussion "Prospects of Sorghum to Support Food and Energy Security". Department of Research and Technology-BATAN, Serpong, Indonesia, 5 September 2006.

ABSTRACT:The success of breeding angel wing clams, Pholas orientalis, in captivity throughout the stages of embryonic, larvae and juveniles offers the potential of aquaculture on the commercial scale. However, as with other aquaculture systems, the clam culture is also facing the cardinal problem, that is, finding the suitable areas. The usual practice is to look for common criteria in parameters between areas known to harbour the clams and those that do not...........

Keywords: aquaculture, distribution study, habitat, life-cycle, Pholas orientalis

[1]. Larval biology and mariculture of the angelwing clam, Cyrtopleura costata RG Gustafson, RL Creswell, TR Jacobse- Aquaculture, 1991 –
[2]. Hamli, Hadi, et al. "Taxonomic study of edible bivalve from selected division of Sarawak, Malaysia." International Journal of zoological research 8.1 (2012): 52-58.
[3]. Monolisha, S., and J. K. Edward. "Biodiversity of marine mollusc from selected locations of Andhra Pradesh coast, South eastern India." Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences 44.6 (2015): 842-855.
[4]. Golez, M. S. M., Laureta, L. V., Apines-Amar, M. J. S., & Caipang, C. (2011). Growth and survival of endangered angelwing clam, Pholas orientalis fed different algal diets. Advances in Environmental Sciences, 3(3).
[5]. Yap, C. K., Kamarul, A. R., & Edward, F. B. (2009). Heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe and Zn) in different soft tissues and shells of Pholas orientalis collected from Sekinchan and Pantai Remis, Selangor. Malaysian Applied Biology Journal, 38(1), 21-27.

ABSTRACT:The present study aimed to compare bacteriologically, chemically and physically between raw milk samples collected from local markets of Basrah, Iraq and samples collected directly from apparently normal cows, it also aimed to study the effects of subclinical mastitis on the quality of milk. A total of (205) samples were collected including: 100 samples from cows (direct samples) and 105 from local markets (indirect samples). By using California mastitis test (CMT), 38% of direct samples were positive (direct positive).The samples collected from local markets when compared with direct negative samples (direct negative) characterized by high values of total bacterial count..........

Keywords: Raw milk, Subclinical mastitis, Total bacterial count, Total coliform count

[1] Pandey, G. and Voskuil, G. (2011). Manual on Milk safety, quality and hygiene. Golden Valley Agricultural Research Trust, Zambia.
[2] Parekh, T. and Subhash, R. (2008). Molecular and bacteriological examination of milk from different milk animals with special reference to Coliforms. Current Res. in Bacteriol.; 1(2): 56 - 63.
[3] Rogelj, I. (2003). Microbiology of food of animal origin. Ljubljana. Biotechnology University, section of food; 515–538.
[4] Coorevits, A.; De Jonghe, V.; Vandroemme, J.; Reekmans, R.; Heyrman, J.; Messens, W.; De Vos, P. and Heyndrickx, M. (2008). Comparative analysis of the diversity of aerobic-spore-forming bacteria in raw milk from organic and conventional dairy farms. Syst. Appl. Microbiol.; 31:126-140.
[5] Entis, P.; Fung, D.; Griffiths, M.; McIntyre, L.; Russell, S.; Sharpe, A. and Tortorello, M. (2003). Rapid methods for detection, identification, and enumeration. In Downes, F. P., & Ito, K. (eds.) Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of foods 4th ed. Washington, DC: Am. Public Health Association.

ABSTRACT:The study had the objective of getting the optimization of agricultural products, especially in the four superior commodities in Nganjuk Regency using analysis of Linear Programming.The object of study of this research are farmers in Nganjuk Regency. The results showed that the optimal condition is farmer's maximum total revenue obtained by planting corn combination of 0.2469, Rice of 0.7940 Ha, and Red Onion 0.2831 ha from 1,324 ha that available, with the amount of revenue is around Rp 49. 802. 000 per year per hectares. From 6 villages which made for the object of this study...........

Keywords: Optimization of Agricultural Products

[1] Agrawal, R.C. and E.O. Heady. 1972. Operations Research Methods for Agricultural Decisions. First Edition, The Lowa State University Press Ames, Lowa, USA.
[2] Beneke, R.R. and R. Winterboer, 1973. Linear Programming Application to Agriculture. The IOWA State University press, AMES, USA, 244p.
[3] Heady, Earl A. 1952. Economics of Agriculture Production and Resource Use. Prentise Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New York.
[4] Marten, Gerald, 1998. Productivity, Stability, Sustainability, Equitability and Autonomy as Properties for Agroecosystem Assessment. Agricultural Systems Journal 26 (1988) 291-316.
[5] Nasendi, B.D., dan A. Anwar. 1985. Program Linier dan Variasinya. PT. Gramedia. Jakarta

ABSTRACT:In Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Cameroon, fish is one of the main sources of animal proteins for human consumption. However, its emergence is facing many constraints feeding being one of the main ones. Commendable tests for manufacturing food using local byproducts are developed, but are facing stiff competition from other speculation of prolific breeding (chickens) vis-à-vis certain essential ingredients (crab soy); hence the need to seek new alternative sources..........

Keywords:Feeding; Growth; Desmodium uncinatum; Soy bean cake; Clariasjaensis

[1] OCDE-FAO. Produits de la pêche et de l'aquaculture. In: Perspectives agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO 2011-2020. OCDE/FAO, Rome, Italie, (2011)171-184.
[2] V. Pouomogne. Utilisation de Tithoniadiversifoliaet Chromolaenaodoratacomme fertilisants en étang de pisciculture du tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus).Cameroon Journal of Agricultural Science. 1, (2) (2005)1-45. ISSN 1813-3320.
[3] B. O. Yapoga, R. K. Ahou, M. K. Kouamé, C. A. Boua, L. P. Kouame. Utilisation du soja, de la cervelle bovine et de l'asticot comme sources de protéines alimentaires chez les larves de Heterobranchuslongifilis (Valenciennes, 1840). Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 15, (1) (2012) 2099-2108.
[4] P. Zango, M. T. E. TomedI, T. E. Efole, C. T. Tiogue, D. Nguenga, S. M. KamankeKamanke, O.Mikolasek et J.Tchoumboue. Performances de reproduction du poisson chat endogène du Cameroun Clarias jaensis (Boulenger, 1909) en milieu contrôlé, Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 10(2)(2016), 533-542.
[5] P. Zango, M. T. E. Tomedi, L. M. Oben, V. Pouomogne, D. Nguenga, J.Tchoumboue, T. E. Efole, Mikolasek O.. Comparing Reproductive Characteristics of two Catfish Species Clariasgariepinus and Clariasjaensis of the Western region of Cameroon. Journal of multidisciplinary Engineering Science and technology (JMEST) 2(12), (2015)ISSN: 3159-0040 Issue,DOI: www.jmst.org

ABSTRACT: The reproductive performance of Bali cows in the hot (THI = 78.07) and cold (THI = 64.90) environment, were evaluated by measuring postpartum estrous interval (PEI), estrous periode (EP), pregnancy rate (PR), calving interval (CI), and pre-weaning mortality (PM) of 397 cows farmed under different catagories of management such as intensive, semi-intensive, traditional, and extensive. Data were taken directly by intensive observation. The results of the study showed, reproductive performance of Bali cows in Lombok..........

Keywords: Bali cows, reproductive performance, thermal environment, farm management

[1]. Zulkharnaim, Jakaria, and R. R. Noor, Identification of genetic diversity of growth hormone receptor (GHR/Alu I) gene in Bali
cattle. Media Peternakan, (33), 2010, 81-87
[2]. S R A Bugiwati, Body dimension growth of Bali calf in South Sulawesi. J. Sci. and Tech. (7), 2007, 103-108 (Article in Indonesian
with an English abstract)
[3]. K Entwistle and D R Lindsay, Strategies to improve Bali cattle in Eastern Indonesia. ACIAR proc., (110), 2003, 1-2
[4]. R R Noor, A. Farajallah, and M. Karmita, The purity test of Bali cattle by haemoglobin analysis using the isoelectric focusing
method. J.Hayati, (8), 2011, 107-111
[5]. H. Nugroho, The productivity of Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle and its crossbred with Limousine breed under smallholder farms at
different altitudes area, Doctoral diss., Post Graduate Program of Animal Science Faculty, Brawijaya University, Malang,
Indonesia, 2012.

ABSTRACT: The cold arid region of India is usually accompanied by high altitude with little or no rainfall thus making the atmosphere cold and dry. Sixteen percent of the total landmass of the world is under the cold arid zones. Indian cold deserts come under the Trans-Himalayan zone. Major parts are confined to Ladakh in Jammu & Kashmir and Lahaul & Spiti in Himachal Pradesh. In Jammu and Kashmir, the cold desert lies between 32°15ʹ - 36° N and 75°15ʹ - 80°15ʹ E. It covers approximately 68,321sq km. The flora of this region comes under alpine and high alpine zones, followed by few stunted shrubs and bushes. Among these floras, there are several fodder plants which are used by the local people for livestock feeding.........

Keywords: Animal health, Bio-active molecules, Fodder plants, High altitude, Livestock management

[1] Census Report. 2012. Link http://www.districtsofindia.com/jammuandkashmir/leh-ladakh/agriculture/ animalhusbandry livestock/index.aspx
[2] H Greathead, Plants and plant extracts for improving animal productivity. Proceedings of the Nutritional Society, 62, 2003, 279–290.
[3] District Ground Water Information Brochure, Leh district. Ground water information brochure of Leh district Jammu and Kashmir State. 2011, 1-15.
[4] JK Miller, E. Brzezinska-Slebodzinska, F.C. Madsen, Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and animal function. Journal of Dairy Science, 76, 1993, 2812-2823.
[5] J Lykkesfeldt, and O. Svendsen, Oxidants and antioxidants in disease: Oxidative stress in farm animals. The Veterinary Journal, 173, 2007, 502-511.

ABSTRACT: Termite soil interaction is a multidimensional process, the interphase between the surface and subsurface being the most prominent location that termitaria and other termite structures usually occupy. There is little information on termite foraging behaviour and its impact on soil profile. Foraging activity of termites (Coptotermes frenchi) in a soil profile (300 mm), with layers of top soil, fine sand, coarse sand and gravel, was studied using a test tank in a laboratory to analyse changes in soil profile, termite foraging depth and soil and water transport. Moisture content of soil used for gallery construction was greater than that of the soil in the foraging tank while an average rate of approximately 4 g/day and 1.58 g/day of soil particles and water were transported for gallery construction, respectively..........

Keywords: Coptotermes, C. frenchi, termite, soil profile, soil horizon, gallery, foraging.

[1]. Eggleton, R.A. and Taylor, G., 2008. Effects of some macrobiota on the Weipa Bauxite, northern Australia. Aust J Earth Sci 55, S71-S82.
[2]. Lee, K.E. and Wood, T.G., 1971. Termites and Soils. Academic Press, London & New York.
[3]. Rückamp, D., Martius, C., Bornemann, L., Kurzatkowski, D., Naval, L.P. and Amelung, W., 2012. Soil genesis and heterogeneity of phosphorus forms and carbon below mounds inhabited by primary and secondary termites. Geoderma 170, 239-250.
[4]. Wood, T.G., 1988. Termites and the soil environment. Biol Fert Soils 6, 228-236.
[5]. Holt, J.A., Coventry, R.J. and Sinclair, D.F., 1980. Some aspects of the biology and pedological significance of mound-building termites in a red and yellow earth landscape near Charters Towers, north Queensland. Aust J Soil Res 18, 97-109.

ABSTRACT: In this study, some of the physico-mechanical properties and nutritional values for development of sieving systems suitable for postharvest classification procedure of 3 cultivars of jujube fruit, namely Coco, Shanxi Li and Sugar Cane, are discussed. For this purpose, physical properties such as length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio, surface area and mass and nutritional values such as humidity, acidity, protein and total sugar of fruits and stones were determined.

Keywords: Jujube, physico-mechanical, nutritional properties

[1]. Mukhtar, H. M., S. H. Ansari, M. Ali and T. Naved. 2004. New compounds from Zizyphus vulgaris. Pharmaceutical Biology, 42(7): 508-511.
[2]. Ecevit, M.F., Hallaç, F., DilmaçÜnal, T. 2002. DenizliiliÇivrilİlçesiGümüşsuYöresindeYetişmekte Olan Hünnap (Ziziphusjujuba Mill.)'ın SeleksiyonYoluylaIslahıÜzerindeAraştırmalar. TÜBİTAK TOGTAGTARP-1988, Ankara, 42 S.
[3]. Karıncalı, M. 2003. Ziziphusjujuba Mill. (Hünnap) BitkisininMorfolojik, Anatomik, EkolojikvePolenÖzelliklerininAraştırılması, PamukkaleÜniversitesi Fen BilimleriEnstitüsüBiyolojiAnabilim Dalı, YüksekLisansTezi, Denizli,45 S.
[4]. Akbolat, D., Ertekin, C., Mengeş, H.O., Ekinci, K., Erdal, İ., 2008., Physical and Nutritional Properties of Jujube (Zizyphusjujuba Mill.) Growing in Turkey, Asian Journal ofChemistry Vol. 20, No. 1 (2008), 757-766.
[5]. Kavas, İ., Dalkılıç, Z., 2015. BazıHünnapGenotiplerininMorfolojik, Fenolojikve PomolojikÖzelliklerinin Belirlenmesive Melezleme Olanaklarının Araştırılması, Adnan Menderes ÜniversitesiZiraatFakültesiDergisi 2015; 12(1) : 57 - 72

ABSTRACT: Introduction - Myxomatous mitral valve disease is a common heart disease in dogs, characterized by chronic progressive, degenerative lesions of the mitral valve. The disease has many similarities with the human condition mitral valve prolapse; this is a polygenic disease in which more than one genetic locus is likely to contribute to disease susceptibility and clinical expression. Objective - Assess the implication of intronic variants rs9006567 and rs22372411 of COL1A2 gene in canine susceptibility to myxomatous mitral valve disease. Materials and methods - Case-control association study...........

Keywords: COL1A2, Disease susceptibility, Dogs, Gene polymorphism, Genetic studies, Myxomatous mitral valve disease.

[1]. Oyama MA, Levy RJ. Insights into serotonin signaling mechanisms associated with canine degenerative mitral valve disease. J Vet Intern Med. 2010;24(1):27-36.
[2]. Borgarelli M, Haggstrom J. Canine degenerative myxomatous mitral valve disease: natural history, clinical presentation and therapy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2010;40(4):651-663.
[3]. Boudoulas H, Sparks EE, Wooley CF. Mitral valvular regurgitation : etiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, clinical manifestations. Herz. 2006;31(1):6-13.
[4]. Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, et al. Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29(3):630-634.
[5]. Pedersen HD, Haggstrom J. Mitral valve prolapse in the dog: a model of mitral valve prolapse in man. Cardiovasc Res. 2000;47(2):234-243.