IOSR-JAVS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-7 ~ JULY-2016

ABSTRACT: Field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during Rabi (Oct- Jan) season, 2010-2011 to evaluate the influence of System of Crop Intensification (SCI) practices in greengram. The experiment was laid out in Randomized complete block design comprised of nine treatments. The treatments were replicated thrice. Yield attributes like number of clusters hill-1 (7.67) and number of pods hill-1 (38.00) was significantly higher with double seedlings hill-1 maintained at 40 x 40 cm planting geometry (T8) than other levels. Whereas, pod length and 100 grain weight were not altered due to SCI practices. ........

Keywords: Greengram, Number of seedlings hill-1 , Crop geometry, Growth attributes, Grain yield, Economic returns

[1] Agugo, Oquike and Kanu: A preliminary field assessment of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) yield in rain forest zone southeastern Nigeria. American-Eurasian J. Agrl. Environ. Sci., 8(6), 752-7 (2010).

[2] Bhairappanavar, Jayadeva, Gowda and Shivanna: Effect of nutrients and spacing on the yield of urdbean under late sown condition. Leg. Res., 28(1), 46-8 (2005).

[3] Gomez and Gomez A. A.: Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. 2nd Edn. John Wiley and Sons, New York (2010).

[4] Goyal, Verma and Nawange: Studies on growth and yield of kabuli Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes under different plant density and fertility levels. Leg. Res., 33(3), 221-3 (2010).

[5] ISD (Institute for Sustainable Development). Piloting a system of crop intensification. In: http://sri.ciifad.cornell.edu/aboutsri/othercrops/otherSCI/EthSCI_ISD09.pdf (2009)

ABSTRACT: The use of insecticide is a common practice to control armyworms (Spodoptera exigua) an important pest of onion, but the result is less effective due to the habit of this pest that lives inside the leaf. Therefore, it is necessary to find an alternative way of controlling it by using Sex Pheromone in combination with Beauveria bassiana, the natural enemy of this pest. The objective of this research is to investigate the potency of combining sex pheromone and B. Bassiana in controlling Spodoptera exigua on onion........

Keywords: Beauveria bassiana,Onion, Pheromone, Spodoptera exigua

[1] Allison, D.J. and T.R. Carde. 2007. Male pheromone blend preperence function measured in choice and no-choice wind tunnel trials
with almonds moths, Cadra cautella. Anim. Behaviour 75: 259−266.
[2] Butt, T.M., C.W. Jackson and N. Magan. 2001. Fungi as Biocontrol Agents: Progress, Problems and Potential. CABI Publishing,
Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom.http://bookshop.cabi.org/Uploads/ Books/ PDF/ 9780851993560/9780851993560.pdf
[3] Dinas Pertanian Provinsi NTB. 2004. Kumpulan Data RKSP II A (sayuran). n.p.
[4] Ferron, P., J. Fargues, and G. Riba. 1991. Fungi as microbial insecticides against pests, p. 665-705. In. DK Arora, L. Ajello, K.G.
Mukerji (eds), Handbook of Applied Mycology, vol 2, Humans, Animals, and Insects, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
[5] French, R.A. 1969.Migration of Laphygma exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera : Noctuide) to Bristish Isles in relation to large-scale
weather system.J.Anim. Ecol. 38: 199-210

ABSTRACT: The whole set of genetic material of a species of plants is known as germplasm of the organisms. Through various breeding techniques the germplasm of various plant species can be stored or preserved for future plant development. The techniques of gerplasm preservation vary from cryopreservation, slow growth cultures, DNA clones, in-vitro storage, cold storage, super cold storage, field preservation to the use of artificial seeds. The major purpose of germplasm preservation is to preserve rare and endangered species of plants around the globe for future propagation and development.........

Keywords:Germplasm, Genetic materials, Preservation, Propagation

[1]. Alcorn, J. B. (1991). "Ethics, Economics and Conservation." In M. Oldfield and J. Alcorn, eds., Biodiversity; Culture, Conservation and Ecodevelopment.Westview Press, Colo. Boulder
[2]. Duvick, D. N. (1982). Genetic diversity in major farm crops on the farm and in reserve. Australian Plant Breeding and Genetics Newsletter. 32: 1-40.
[3]. Gianni, S. and Sottile, F. (2015). In vitro storage of plum germplasm by slow growth. Hort. Sci 42 (2); 61-69.
[4]. Goodman, M. (1990). "Genetic and Germplasm Stocks Worth Conserving." Journal of Heredity 81: 11-16..
[5]. Juma, C. (1989). The Gene Hunters: Biotechnology and the scramble for for seeds. Princetown University Press, Princetown

ABSTRACT: Four pedons were selected in Kalar city-Northern Iraqi Kurdistan region in order to define the genesis, pedogenic processes and to classify them. All pedons were morphologically described and sampled to determine some physical and chemical properties. The results indicated that all pedons are developed with ABt- C sequences with Mollic epipedons and Agrillic and Calcic endopedons. The increment of total and fine clay in Bt horizons may be due to the effect of some pedogenic processes including eluviation and illuviation and to some extent to the new formation of clay minerals.......

Keywords: Soil, Soil Genesis, Soil Classification.

[1] Ahmad, S. M. 2005. Natural map of Iraqi Kurdistan region.
[2] Al-Agidi, W.K.H. 1986. Pedology-soil survey and classification. Mosul Univ. Iraq.
[3] Avery, B.W. and C.L. Bascomb. 1982. Soil survey laboratory methods. Rothmaster experimental station, Harpenden, Herts. AL 52
JQ.
[4] Black, C. A. 1965. Methods of soil analysis. Soc. of Agronomy. No.9.Part 1 and 2.
[5] Blake, G. R. 1965a. Bulk density. In: Black, C. A. (Ed.). Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Am. Soc. of Agron., Madison Wisconsin,
No. 9. PP: 371-373.

ABSTRACT: The objective of research is to understand the empowerment given to the communities who live around Bawean Island Animal Preserve for the interest of rescuing Bawean Deer (axis kuhlii). Relevant to this objective, research is descriptive with hypothesis testing. Descriptive research is aimed to obtain information about variables related to the conditions of communities around the forest, the natural resource, and the role played by government on the proliferation and rescue of Bawean Deer........

Keywords: Bawean Deer rescuing, animal preserve, community empowerment, Bawean Island

[1]. Andijarso. 2008. Beberapa Pola Penangkaran Rusa Bawean (Axis kuhlii Muller dan Schlegel). Jurusan Konservasi Sumber Daya
Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor.
[2]. Asher, G.W., Muir, P.D., Semiadi.,Gono., O'Neil, K.T., Scott, I.C. & bary, T.N. 1997. Seasonal patterns of luteal Cyclicity in
young red deer (Cervus elephus) and sambar deer (Cervus unicolor). Reproduction, Fertility and Development 9 : 587 – 596.
[3]. Chapman, N.G., Furlong, M. & Hariss, S. 1997. Reproductive strategies and the influence of date of birth on growth and sexual
development of an aseasonally-breeding ungulate Reeves muntjak (Muntiacus reevesi). Journal of Zoology London) 241:551-570
[4]. Djuwantoko dan D.W. Purnomo. 2005. Habitat dan Populasi Rusa Bawean (Axis kuhlii). Makalah Seminar Konservasi Rusa
Bawean Tanggal 26 Januari 2005 di FKT UGM Jogyakarta.

ABSTRACT: In assessing women participation in vegetable production, a total of 100 respondents were sampled using questionnaire. Data were analyzed with frequency counts, percentages, means and hypothesis was testedusing chi-square. More (44.0%) of the women were between 30- 39 years, majority 91.0% were married, 53.0% have family sizes of 4-6 persons. Source of agricultural information was fellow farmers (mean=2.24). Badroad networking (mean=3.89) constrained women farmers. Analysis of results indicate that age (χ2=245.329: p<0.05), have significant association with their level of participation in vegetable production. Technology on preservation of vegetable be introduced to vegetable farmers by extension personnel is recommended.

Keywords: ...........

[1]. Afuo, E. (1991), Empowering African women to end hunger, African farmer7,p43.
[2]. Baudi, S.A. And deBruijne G.A. (1993), Gender, small scale industry anddevelopment Policy: Intermediate Technology Publication
U.K.
[3]. Ekong, E.W. (2000): Group and non-group women farmers Access toAgricultural production Resources in Akwa-Ibom
[4]. State, Nigeria,Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Agricultural Extension andRural Development, University of Ibadan, p.
119.
[5]. FAO (1997). Higher Agricultural Education andOpportunities RuralDevelopment for women. Rome, FAO.

ABSTRACT: Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of the world prevalent caused by infection with Leptospira interrogans, a pathogenic spirochete and it is an important health problem in Turkey. This study was designed to determinet the seroprevalence of leptospirosis for the teapickers, paddy workers, but chersan ands laughter house workers who is a risk group for leptospirosis in Turkey. In this study, experimental group was consisted of 157 people, and the control group was consisted of 150 healthy individuals. The experimental group were occurred from tea pickers, paddy workers, but chersan ands laughter house workers who lives in Artvin anditscounties.........

Keywords: ELISA, Human, Leptospirosis

[1]. Saltoğlu N. Leptospirozisin klinik bulguları, XI. Türk Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları Kongresi.2003; 30 Mart-3
Nisan. İstanbul.
[2]. Şahin M, Aydın F, Özdemir V, Güler MA. Kars ve Ardahan İllerinde sığır leptospirozisininserolojik yöntemlerle araştırılması. Turk
J Vet Anim Sci.2002; 26: 17-25.
[3]. İkiz, S., Özgür, NY.: Trakya Yöresindeki sığırlarda Leptospiraİnterrogans antikorlarının ELISA ve MAT ile belirlenmesi ve kesime
gönderilen sığırlarda leptospirozis üzerine bakteriyolojik çalışmalar. İstanbul Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg. 2004; 30(1): 99-111
[4]. Fazlı ŞA. Orta ve Güneydoğu Anadolu yabani kemirici favorasındaleptospira araştırılması. MikrobiyolBült.1970; 4(3): 11-116.
[5]. Farr RW. Leptospirosis. Clin. İnfect. Dis.1995; 21:1-8.

ABSTRACT: Hides and skins subsector is a key area from which many livelihoods are derived among the pastoral communities of Wajir County. Due to high number of uncollected hides and skins in this County, economic losses from this subsector were assessed to come up with ways in which they could be mitigated. The study adopted a descriptive study design whereby from 88574 households in Wajir County, purposive sampling was done to come up with a sample size of 106 composed of 92 flayers and 14 traders.........

Keywords: Economic, Hide, Livelihood, Quality, Skins, Uncollected

[1]. FAO (2011). Dairy development in Kenya, by H.G. Muriuki. Rome. Page 1-41
[2]. Kuria A., Ombui J., Onyuka A. (2015). Evaluation of tanning strength and quality of leathers produced by selected vegetable tanning materials from Laikipia county Kenya. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirements of the degree of Master of Science in leather science in the University of Nairobi.
[3]. World Bank Group (2015). Diagnosis, Strategy and Action Plan. Prepared for Ministry of Industrialization and Enterprise Development page 1-104
[4]. Taylor G.T., and Elizabeth S (2014). Analysis of the Kenyan livestock market and feasibility study of a livestock business. Master project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the master of environmental management degree in the Nicholas school of the environment of Duke University
[5]. Ahmed, A. H. (2016). Critical strategic factors affecting value addition of raw hides and skins in Kenya. International Journal of Social Sciences and Project Planning Management, 1 (5), 1-16.

ABSTRACT: MHC II molecules play a key role in processing and presenting antigens to CD4+T cells, resulting in appropriate cellular and subsequent humoral immune responses. Sistani cow is a unique breed and highly resistant to unfavorable environmental and nutritional conditions and infectious agents; that is why this breed was selected in the current study. To better understand the cause of remarkable resistance of Sistani cows to diseases, in our study, comparing sequences of BOLA-DRB3.........

Keywords: MHC molecules, BOLADRB3.2 gene, Sequence, PCR, Sistani cows

[1]. Ministry of Agriculture Jihad ofIran( MAJ),Report of the production of lives tock and Poultry, http://www.pr.maj.ir.AccessedApril 2015.
[2]. S. Sharif, et al, Associations of the bovine major his toc ompatibility complex DRB3 with production traits in Can adiandairycattle, AnimGenet, 30, 1998,157-160.
[3]. A. Sharifzade,A. Doosti, PolymorphismofBOLA-DRB3. 2gene in Iran iannativecattle by using PCR-RFLPmethod,AnimandcellbiologyJ, 5, 2011,47-52.
[4]. L Rask,K. Gustafsson,D. Larhammar,H Ronne, P.A. Peterson,GenerationofclassII antigenpolymorphism, Immunologicalreviews84,1985, 123-143.
[5]. I.R Tizard, Aquiredimmunity antigen-presentingreceptors (Veterinaryimmunologyan introduction Elsevier.Philadelphia.PA.USA:153, 2004,67-77).

ABSTRACT: Conventional cuttings and microcuttings have a major problem in vegetative propagation of many plant species (especially the woody plants) represented by adventitious root formation. This study investigates the effects of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) alone and in combination with Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) with half strength MS medium on in vitro rooting of Mariana and Nemaguard rootstocks. Optimum percentage of rooting (100%) was observed on media supplemented with 1.5 mg/l IBA for both rootstocks.........

Keywords: ...........

[1] Arbeloa, A, M. E. Daorden, E. García, J. Andreu. 2009. In Vitro Culture of Myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) Embryos. Hortscience., 44(6):1672–1674.
[2] Bal, JS; Sandhawalia SS. 2000. Studies on propagation of subtropical plum. Acta Horticulturae. 517: 151-158.
[3] Canli, Fatih and Sefer Bozkurt. 2009. Effects of of IBA on adventitious root formation from semi-hardwood cuttings of (Sarierik) plum. Journal of Applied Biological Science, 3(1):45-48.
[4] De Souza FX, De Lima RN. 2005. Rooting of cuttings of different hog plum stock plants treated with IBA. Revista Ciência Agronômica. 36: 189-194.
[5] Dobránszki, J. & Teixeira da Silva, J. A. 2010. Micropropagation of apple – A review. Biotechnology Advances, 28, 462-488.

ABSTRACT: This study analysed the credit utilization pattern and the determinants of micro-credit among arable crop farmers in Edo State. The multi stage sampling technique was used in randomly selecting 360 respondents. Data were obtained with the use of structured questionnaire/interview schedule. The data collected were analyzed through the use of descriptive statistical tools such as frequencies, mean, percentages and standard deviation. The inferential statistics deployed were ordinary least squares (OLS) and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that majority of the respondents (71.1%) were males while 28.9% were females. The mean age distribution of the arable crop farmers was 52 years.............

[1]. Adams, S and Bartholomen, T. (2010). The Impact of Microfinance on Maize Farmers in Nkoranza (Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana). Journal of Management Research Vol. 2. E 7. www.microthink.org/jmr(assessed on 17/09/2010)
[2]. Adesina, A.A. (2011). Press Conference Titled Transformation Agenda at Agriculture Stakeholders" Forum at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. 12th August 2011, Ibadan in The Guardian 15, August, p. 15.
[3]. Alabi, R.A. (2004). Economic Efficiency of Cocoa-based Agro forestry System in Oyo State, Nigeria Unpublished Ph.D Thesis. Department of Agricultural Economics & Extension, Federal University of Technology, Akure.
[4]. Alufohai, G.O. and K.O. IIavbare (2001). Rural Women in the Marketing of food Crops: A Case study of Cassava in Isoko North and South L.G.A. of Delta State, Nigeria in Knowledge Review: A multidisciplinary Journal Vol. 4 (2) 46-51.
[5]. Central Bank of Nigeria (2003). Report on Microfinance Institutions in Nigeria Unpublished Mimeograph

ABSTRACT: Agriculture remains the key driver of the Kenyan economy and Vision 2030 singles out agriculture as one of the key sectors to deliver sustainable economic growth and improved livelihoods for the poor in the rural areas. However, the sector faces challenges in production due to frequent and prolonged droughts. This calls for farmers to adopt more drought-tolerant crops like cassava. It gives the third highest yield of carbohydrates per cultivated area among crop plants and is unique in its ability to produce under a wide array of harsh environmental conditions compared to other crops..............

Keywords: Kwale County, Cassava Production, affirmative action, food security, development

[1]. Acemoglu, D., Simon J., and James, A., (2001). The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation. The American Economic Review, 19(5), 1369-1401.
[2]. Byron, R., (2012). Market participation and sale of potatoes by smallholder farmers in the central highlands of Angola: A Double Hurdle approach. Michigan State University, pp 2-7.
[3]. Chikezie, N.P., (2012). Factors Influencing Rural Youth Adoption of Cassava Recommended Production Practices in Onu-Imo Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences.
[4]. Danda, K., Gichinga,L., (2014). Group approach makes a difference in technology adoption: Evidence from a case study of smallholder cassava farmers in the coastal lowlands of Kenya. Discourse Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 2(6), 169 – 173.
[5]. Doss C.R., (1999). Twenty-Five Years of Research on Women Farmers in Africa: Lessons and Implications for Agricultural Research Institutions; with an Annotated Bibliography. CIMMYT Economics Program paper No. 99-02. Mecico: CIMMYT.

ABSTRACT: The study assessed the information sources of extension personnel in Edo state. Specifically, it examined the information frequently sought and preferred by the extension personnel, their perceived reliability of the different sources, as well as the constraints associated with accessing information. Data, retrieved from 137 respondents from the three agricultural zones in the State, were subjected to descriptive statistics and Friedman test. Results showed that extension personnel sought agricultural information from different sources, categorized into institutional, print and internet/ media sources...............

Keywords: Information, information sources, extension personnel, ADP, Edo state and Nigeria.

[1]. Adesoji, S. A. and Aratunde, T. (2012). Evaluation of the linkage system of Research- Extension-Farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria:
Lesson for agricultural extension administrators. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development. 4(20): 561-568
[2]. Adesoji, S.A, Farinde, A.J, and Ajayi, O.A (2006). Determinants of training needs of Fadama farmers in Osun State. Pakistan
Journal of Applied Science. 6(15):3082-3088.
[3]. Agbamu, J.U. (2005). Problem and prospects of agricultural extension in developing countries. In Agricultural Extension in Nigeria.
S.F. Afolayan. (ed), Ilorin, AESON. pp. 159 -169

[4]. Anonymous (2014). The use of libraries and information centres by agricultural researchers and extension workers in
Zimbabwewww.google.com.(Accessed on 22/10/2014).
[5]. Anwar, M.A. & Eisenchitz, T.S. (2000).Information needs and information seeking behaviour of agricultural scientists in
Malaysia.Library and Information Science Research, 2000, 22(2), 145-63.

ABSTRACT: This study carry the objective to analyze index value and sustainable status of dairy cattle in Batu city for its ecological dimension. Analysis method used is Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) known as Rap-USPE. Analysis result is sustainable index value for ecology dimension with 59,02 percent or categorized into quite sustainable. Leverage analysis result showed two sensitive attributes contributing toward improvement of sustainable index value which is availability of greens woof and waste management..............

Keywords: sustainability, Rap-USPE, dairy cattle, greens, waste

[1]. Irwan, Zoer'aini D., 2014. Prinsip-Prinsip Ekologi. Ekosistem, Lingkungan dan Pelestariannya. PT. Bumi Aksara. Jakarta.
[2]. Kavanagh, P. (2001). Rapid Appraisal of Fisheries (Rapfish) Project. Rapfish Software description (for microsoft excel). University of British, Fisheries Centre, Vancouver.
[3]. Saragih, Bungaran. 2001. Pembangunan Sistem Agribisnis di Indonesia dan Peranan Public Relation. Makalah. Seminar "Peranan Public Relation dalam Pembangunan Pertanian", tanggal 19 April. Bogor: Program Pascasarjana PS. KMP, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
[4]. Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan. 2009. Rencana Strategis Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan Tahun 2010-2014. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan Departemen Pertanian Republik Indonesia.
[5]. Mersyah, Rohidin. (2005). Desain Sistem Budidaya Sapi Potong Berkelanjutan untukMendukung Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah di Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan.Disertasi, IPB.