IOSR-JBM   Volume-28 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2026

Abstract: Organizational management plays a critical role in surgical practice, directly influencing patient safety, clinical outcomes, and the efficiency of surgical services. Surgical environments are highly complex, involving multidisciplinary teams, advanced technologies, and time-sensitive decision-making. Failures in organizational management—such as inadequate scheduling, insufficient staffing, poor communication, and lack of standardized protocols—can increase surgical complications, adverse events, and preventable errors.......

Keywords: Health services. Organizational management. Patient safety. Surgical practice.

[1]. Braun, B. I. Et Al. Culture Of Safety: Impact On Improvement In Infection Prevention Process And Outcomes. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2020;22(12):34. Doi: 10.1007/S11908-020-00741-Y. Epub 2020 Dec 2.
[2]. Chatmongkolchart, S. Et Al. Causes And Effects Of Inefficient Operating Room Flow During Working Hours In A University Hospital. J Med Assoc Thai 2020;103(9): 897-903.
[3]. Douglas, R. N. Et Al. Communication Failures Contributing To Patient Injury In Anaesthesia Malpractice Claims. Bja, Volume 127, Issue 3p470-478september 2021.
[4]. Elbahi, M. K. Et Al. Perioperative Patient Safety And Surgical Complications: A Comprehensive Review Of Current Evidence And Improvement Strategies. Cureus 17(12): E99959, 2025. Doi 10.7759/Cureus.99959
[5]. Elendu, C. Et Al. The Impact Of Simulation-Based Training In Medical Education: A Review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Jul 5;103(27):E38813. Doi: 10.1097/Md.0000000000038813. Pmid: 38968472; Pmcid: Pmc11224887

Abstract: It is asserted that effective leadership is at the heart of and crucial to strengthening health systems, especially in mobile health facilities with resource-constrained conditions. This paper attempts to establish how three different leadership styles-transformational, transactional, and servant leadership impact service delivery and operational effectiveness in the context of the Zambia Flying Doctor Service, a national institution mandated to undertake medical outreach programs to the remote and hard-to-reach communities of Zambia......

Keywords: Leadership Styles; Service Delivery; Transformational Leadership; Servant Leadership; Zambia Flying Doctor Service

[1]. Bass, B. M. (1999). Two Decades Of Research And Development In Transformational Leadership. European Journal Of Work And Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9–32.
[2]. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership. Sage.
[3]. Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper & Row.
[4]. Greenleaf, R. K. (1977). Servant Leadership: A Journey Into The Nature Of Legitimate Power And Greatness. Paulist Press.
[5]. Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational And Transactional Leadership. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755–768.

Abstract: The Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP) in Malawi was introduced to enhance smallholder productivity and food security. However, concerns persist regarding corruption, inefficiencies, and poor targeting. This study evaluates the effectiveness of risk mitigation strategies under FISP, particularly their influence on resource leakage, transparency, and farmer satisfaction. A mixed-methods approach was employed to provide a holistic understanding of the issues. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 73 smallholder farmers in Central Malawi. Additionally, 10 key informant interviews were conducted with government officials, program implementers, and agricultural extension officers.......

Keywords: Farm Input Subsidy Program, Risk Mitigation, Smallholder Farmers, Malawi, Agricultural Governance

[1]. Adam, I., & Fazekas, M. (2021). Are Emerging Technologies Helping Win The Fight Against Corruption? A Review Of The State Of Evidence. Information Economics And Policy, 57, 100950. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Infoecopol.2021.100950
[2]. Ahlin, C., & Bose, P. (2006). Bribery, Inefficiency, And Bureaucratic Delay. Journal Of Development Economics, 84(1), 465–486. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jdeveco.2005.12.002
[3]. Arias-Granada, Y., & Ricker-Gilbert, J. (2024). Estimating The Effectiveness Of Public Versus Private Distribution Systems: Insights From A Fertilizer Policy Reform In Malawi. The Journal Of Development Studies, 1–24. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/00220388.2024.2413089
[4]. Asante, K. T., & Mullard, S. (2021). Social Accountability And Anti-Corruption In Ghana’s Fertiliser Subsidy Programme. U4 Issue, 2021(6). Https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Profile/Kofi-Asante-3/Publication/355675455
[5]. Banda, M. M. (2019). The Use Of E-Voucher System By Small Scale Farmers In Chongwe District: An Adult Education Perspective (Doctoral Dissertation, The University Of Zambia). Https://Dspace.Unza.Zm/Handle/123456789/8328

Abstract: Background: The adoption of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in electoral boundary delimitation has been a transformative step for the Malawi Electoral Commission (MEC), enhancing accuracy, efficiency, and transparency in constituency and ward boundary adjustments. Despite these advancements, the implementation of GIS in boundary delimitation is not without challenges. Effective deployment of the technology requires robust infrastructure, technical expertise, and coordinated administrative processes. Studies have shown that the effectiveness of GIS in electoral boundary delimitation depends not only on technological capacity but also on stakeholder engagement and institutional preparedness1......

KeyWord: GIS; Delimitation; Electoral Boundaries; Technology Integration; Malawi Electoral Commission (MEC)

[1]. S. Eagleson, “Gis And Electoral Mapping: Redrawing The Lines Of Democracy,” Cartography, Vol. 31, No. 2, Pp. 37–44, 2002.
[2]. J. Chunga, “Technological Challenges In Malawi’s Gis Adoption: An Evaluation,” Malawi Journal Of Ict And Policy, Vol. 2, No. 1, Pp. 45–59, 2020.
[3]. J. Gerring, Case Study Research: Principles And Practices, 2nd Ed., Cambridge University Press, 2017.
[4]. C. R. Kothari, Research Methodology: Methods And Techniques, 2nd Ed., New Age International Publishers, 2004.
[5]. F. D. Davis, “Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease Of Use, And User Acceptance Of Information Technology,” Mis Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 3, Pp. 319–340, 1989.

Abstract: O presente artigo discute a relevância dos multiletramentos e da cultura digital como fundamentos para a renovação das práticas pedagógicas no ensino de Língua Portuguesa. As transformações sociais e tecnológicas contemporâneas impõem à escola o desafio de lidar com novas formas de linguagem, em que a escrita formal convive com os gêneros digitais e multimodais. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar de que modo a integração dessas práticas pode contribuir para a formação crítica dos estudantes, ampliando seu repertório linguístico e promovendo maior aproximação entre escola e realidade social. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, fundamentada em produções acadêmicas........

Keywords: Multiletramentos; Cultura Digital; Língua Portuguesa; Práticas Pedagógicas; Educação.

[1]. Bacich, L.; Moran, J. Metodologias Ativas Para Uma Educação Inovadora: Uma Abordagem Teórico-Prática. Penso Editora, Porto Alegre, 2018. Disponível Em: Https://Integrada.Minhabiblioteca.Com.Br/Books/9788584291162. Acesso Em: 5 Set. 2025.
[2]. Brock, Jaqueline Weiler. Digital Textual Genres In High School: An Overview Of Academic Works On The Subject. Aracê Magazine, São José Dos Pinhais, V. 7, N. 2, P. 5262–5281, 2025. Doi: 10.56238/Arev7n2-043. Disponível Em: Https://Doi.Org/10.56238/Arev7n2-043. Acesso Em: 5 Set. 2025.
[3]. Buzato, M. E. K. Letramentos Digitais E A Escola: Formação De Professores E Inclusão. Revista Brasileira De Linguística Aplicada, Belo Horizonte, V. 9, N. 2, P. 383–407, 2009. Disponível Em: Https://Www.Scielo.Br/J/Rbla/A/G3v5hcty5mlcmx9zyfhywhb/. Acesso Em: 5 Set. 2025.

Abstract: Background: As políticas públicas voltadas à promoção e à garantia dos direitos das mulheres configuram-se como instrumentos estratégicos para a redução das desigualdades de gênero e para a promoção do desenvolvimento regional sustentável. Ao assegurar o acesso das mulheres a direitos fundamentais, como educação, saúde, trabalho, renda, proteção social e participação política, tais políticas produzem impactos que transcendem a esfera individual, refletindo diretamente na dinâmica econômica, social e institucional dos territórios. A efetivação desses direitos contribui para o fortalecimento do capital humano, para a ampliação da autonomia econômica feminina e para a redução de vulnerabilidades sociais historicamente estruturadas, especialmente em regiões marcadas por assimetrias socioeconômicas........

Key Word: Políticas públicas; Equidade de gênero; Desenvolvimento regional; Transversalidade; Governança intersetorial.

[1]. Castro JA, Oliveira MG. Políticas Públicas E Desenvolvimento. In: Madeira LM. Avaliação De Políticas Públicas 2. Porto Alegre: UFRGS/CEGOV, 2014.
[2]. Gumiero RG. Trajetória Da Política Nacional Do Desenvolvimento Regional (PNDR): Fases E Problemáticas Para A Sua Implementação No Brasil. Revista Brasileira De Gestão E Desenvolvimento Regional 2023;19(3):756-784.
[3]. Deponti CM. Et Al. Políticas De Desenvolvimento Regional No Brasil: Uma Análise Da PNDR E Da PNOT. Desenvolvimento Em Questão 2024;22(61):1-14. Disponível Em: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.21527/2237-6453.2024.61.16124.
[4]. Mantovani E, Areosa SV. C. Gênero Como Perspectiva De Análise No Desenvolvimento Regional. Colóquio – Revista Do Desenvolvimento Regional 2022;19(2):143-161.
[5]. Brasil. Ministério Dos Direitos Humanos E Da Cidadania. Política Nacional De Enfrentamento À Violência Contra As Mulheres. Brasília, 2023.

Abstract: Background: Urban sustainability certification procedures in Brazil, commonly referred to as green labels, play a relevant role in encouraging practices aimed at mitigating environmental impacts and fostering the energy transition in metropolitan areas. In this context, the municipality of Fortaleza launched the Green Factor Certification Program in January 2017, inspired by international methodologies such as LEED and AQUA. The initiative seeks to align urban development with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the 2030 Agenda.........

Key Word: Green Label; Energy Transition; Master Plan; Urban Planning; Fortaleza.

[1]. Agência De Desenvolvimento Do Estado Do Ceará. (2026). Agency For The Development Of The State Of Ceará. Retrieved January 6, 2026, From Https://Www.Adece.Ce.Gov.Br/
[2]. Agência Nacional De Energia Elétrica. (2026). ANEEL Generation Information System (SIGA). Retrieved January 6, 2026, From Https://App.Powerbi.Com/View?R=Eyjrijoinjc4ogyyyjqtywm2zc00yjlllwjlymetyzdkntq1mtc1njm2iiwidci6ijqwzdzmowi4lwvjytctndzhmi05mmq0lwvhngu5yzaxnzblmsisimmiojr9 [3]. Ceará State Government. (2011). Energy. Agency For The Development Of The State Of Ceará. Retrieved February 1, 2022, From Https://Www.Adece.Ce.Gov.Br/Setores-Da-Economia/Energia/
[4]. Flick, U. (2009). An Introduction To Qualitative Research (3rd Ed.). Artmed.
[5]. Gil, A. C. (2021). How To Design Research Projects (6th Ed.). Atlas.

Abstract: This study examines work–life balance (WLB) challenges faced by women leaders in Lusaka’s business sector, with particular attention to coping strategies, implications for career progression and leadership effectiveness, and organizational and policy responses. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was employed, combining quantitative data from structured questionnaires (n = 120) and qualitative data from semi-structured interviews (n = 20) with women leaders across multiple industries. Quantitative findings indicate that family responsibilities, high job demands, and unsupportive workplace cultures constitute the most significant WLB challenges. Regression analysis revealed weak statistical associations between........

Key Word: work–life balance, women leaders, gender, leadership, Zambia, mixed methods

[1]. Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2017). Designing And Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd Ed.). SAGE Publications.
[2]. Kossek, E. E., & Lee, M. D. (2022). Work-Life Boundary Dynamics And Gender Inequality In Leadership. Annual Review Of Organizational Psychology And Organizational Behavior, 9(1), 159-187.
[3]. Allen, T. D., Golden, T. D., & Shockley, K. M. (2022). How Effective Is Telecommuting For Work-Family Balance? Journal Of Vocational Behavior, 139, 103-117.
[4]. Bhalla, N., & Sharma, R. (2021). Women In Leadership And The Impact Of Supportive Work Culture: Evidence From Global Studies. International Journal Of Business And Management Research, 10(2), 112-124.
[5]. Carli, L. L., & Eagly, A. H. (2016). Women Face A Labyrinth: An Examination Of Gender And Leadership. Journal Of Business Ethics, 140(1), 15-27.

Abstract: This study examines the impact of AI enhanced Financial Reporting on the reliability of financial disclosure in the quality of decision making through an applied empirical analysis of a listed company the research adopts a quantitative analytical approach based on taunted analysis of published financial statements and disclosures relying exclusively on objective archival financial data without the use of survey based instruments three composite indices are developed to measure the study variables the I enhanced Financial Reporting index, Iris the financial disclosure reliability Index fdri and the decision usefulness index DUI the empirical applications covers the period 2021 to 2024 in Focuses on systematically assessing........

Key Word: Artificial intelligence Financial Reporting disclosure reliability decision usefulness Ifrs.

[1]. Sun, T. (2018). Machine Learning Applications In Financial Statement Analysis.
[2]. Kokina, J., & Davenport, T. (2017). The Emergence Of AI In Accounting.
[3]. Appelbaum, D., Kogan, A., & Vasarhelyi, M. (2017). Big Data And AI In Auditing.
[4]. Brynjolfsson, E., & Mcafee, A. (2017). Machine, Platform, Crowd.
[5]. Issa, H., Sun, T., & Vasarhelyi, M. (2016). AI For Anomaly Detection In Accounting.
[6]. Gulin, D., Et Al. (2023). AI-Driven Financial Reporting Quality.

Abstract: This study sought to investigate the influence of job insecurity on discharge of core mandate of universities of teaching and research. The target population was the academic staff in public universities in Kenya on whom stratified random sampling was used to pick a sample of 389. The population size was 14,013 comprising of assistant lecturers, lecturers, senior lecturers and professors. The Social Exchange Theory (SET) was used to explain job insecurity- teaching and research performance relationships. A realist positivist research philosophy was adopted with research design being descriptive cross-sectional survey........

Key Word: Job insecurity, Academic staff, Teaching performance, Research performance.

[1]. Ababneh, M. (2020). Linking Ontology, Epistemology And Research Methodology. Science & Philosophy, 8(1), 75-91
[2]. Abouelenien, R. E. I., Abd-Elhady, M. H., Hussien, I. M., & Hashad, M. E. (2024). The Effect Of Job Insecurity On Employees’ Job Performance In The Hospitality And Tourism Industry: The Role Of Work Alienation. Journal Of The Faculty Of Tourism And Hotels-University Of Sadat City, 8 (1/1), 1-20.
[3]. Ahmed, S. & Jaaffar, A.R. (2017). Employee Job Security And Performance Relationship In Developing Economy Through Employee Engagement: Critical Analysis With PLS-SEM. International Journal Of Economic Research, 14(19), 133-147
[4]. Ahmed, S., Haderi, S. M. S., Ahmad, F., Jaaffar, A. R., Walter, J. & Douis, G. A. A. (2017). Employee Job Security And Performance Relationship In Developing Economy Through Employee Engagement: Critical Analysis With PLS-SEM. International Journal Of Economic Research, 14(19), 133-147.
[5]. Ali, F., Ciftci, O., Nanu, L. Cobanoglu, C. & Ryu, K. (2021). Response Rates In Hospitality Research: An Overview Of Current Practice And Suggestions For Future Research. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 62(1), 105–120. Available At: Https://Journals.Sagepub.Com/Doi/Pdf/10.1177/1938965520943094

Abstract: Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between organizational factors and the implementation of Risk-Based Internal Auditing (RBIA) in Federal Higher Education Institutions (IFEs). Specifically, it examines the influence of senior management support, the role of internal auditors in risk management, risk management training, formalized risk management structures, and formalized internal control systems on the adoption of RBIA. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 226 internal auditors from Brazilian IFEs. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using correlation, regression, and exploratory factor analysis techniques........

Key Word: Risk-Based Internal Auditing (RBIA), Risk Management, Internal Auditing, Federal Higher Education Institutions (IFE).

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[2]. Alqudah, H. M., Amran, N. A., & Hassan, H. (2019). Factors Affecting The Internal Auditors' Effectiveness In The Jordanian Public Sector. Euromed Journal Of Business, 14(3), 251-273. Https://Doi.Org/10.1108/Emjb-03-2019-0049
[3]. Alzeban, A., & Gwilliam, D. (2014). Factors Affecting The Internal Audit Effectiveness: A Survey Of The Saudi Public Sector. Journal Of International Accounting, Auditing And Taxation, 23(2), 74-86. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Intaccaudtax.2014.06.001
[4]. Anon, E., Nasution, A. A., Yahya, I., & Atmanegara, A. W. (2020). The Role Of Risk Based Internal Audit In Improving Audit Quality. International Journal Of Management, 11(12), 299-310. Https://Doi.Org/10.34218/Ijm.11.12.2020.029
[5]. Antonialli, F., Antonialli, L., & Antonialli, R. (2016). Uses And Abuses Of The Likert Scale: Bibliometric Study In The Annals Of Enanpad From 2010 To 2015 [Presented Paper]. Meeting Of The National Association Of Graduate Studies And Research In Administration (Enanpad), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Abstract: The increasing emphasis on data-informed decision-making has positioned educational leadership at the centre of contemporary school improvement efforts. However, the growing volume and complexity of educational data have revealed the limitations of traditional analytical approaches. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers new possibilities for transforming raw educational data into actionable insights that support effective leadership and enhance teaching and learning outcomes. This paper examines how AI-enabled educational data analytics reshape leadership decision-making across school and system-level contexts.........

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