iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2014

Abstract: Establishing sex by the foot print study is rather a new approach in the ever expanding research subject of human identity. The Foot Print Ratio (FPR) is derived as a ratio between the two parameters of the foot prints i.e. the maximum width and maximum length, measured in millimeters. Four hundred dermatoglyphic foot prints of 100 males &100 females were obtained from the staff and undergraduate students of Government Medical College Aurangabad. Maximum Length and Maximum Breadth were calculated. The Footprints Ratio (FPR) for both left and right foot prints of each individual in the study group was calculated separately and values obtained were analyzed statistically. Statistical analysis showed that Foot Print Ratio have a significant difference in the mean values for both feet in both sexes. There is a low coefficient of variation. The P values are also are significant. A standard FPR value was derived. Utilizing these values sex determination was done by comparing it with the each of the already calculated FPR values. The percentage accuracy of establishing sex by this method is 80% which is significant.
Key words: Foot print, foot print ratio, maximum length, maximum breadth.

[1] L M Robbins, The individuality of human foot prints, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 23 (N4), 1978, 778-785.
[2] P L Topinard, Anthropologie, Vol. 1,2nd Ed. Rainowald Ed.Paris, 1877.
[3] R Martin, Lehrbiech der Anthropologie, Gustar Fischer Jena, Vol-1(of 3), 1928.
[4] L M Robbins, Estimating height and weight from size of Foot Prints, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 31(1), 1986, 143- 152.
[5] M B Marie, T G Williams, A Margalet, Length of growing foot, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 38-A (5), 1956, 998-1000.

Abstract: Class II malocclusion is commonly seen problem in orthodontic practice1. Its most consistent finding is mandibular skeletal retrusion2. .During the last ten years Twinblock developed W.J Clark1. Due to its simplicity of construction and less bulkiness, it has gained increased popularity with the patients as well as with the orthodontist. The present studies have been designed to cephalometrically evaluate skeletal and dentoalveolar changes seen with uses of Twinblock appliance in class II malocclusion with deficient mandible1. The study was carried out on 12 growing children of Class II div 1 malocclusion in the age group of 9 -13yrs. in present study conclusive evidence of skeletal, dento- alveolar changes leading to correction of class II div 1 malocclusion with Twin block , a functional appliance, has been established.

[1] Antanas,Sidlauaskas: The effects of the Twin –block treatment on skeletal and dentoalveolarchanges in Class II Div I malocclusion. Medicina (Kaunas), 41(5), 2005
[2] SharmaAK,Sachdeva V et al: Skeletal and dentoalveolar changes concurrent to use of Twin block appliance in ClassII division I cases with a deficient mandible:Acephalometric study. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. Vol 30, Issue 3, Jul-Sep 2012
[3] OmarYaqoob, Andrew T et al: Use of the Clark Twin block functional appliance with and without an upper labial bow; a randomized controlled trial. Angle orthodontist, Vol 82, No 2, 2012.
[4] HeatherM.Iiing, David et al: A prospective evaluation of bass,bionator, and twin block appliance. Part 1-the hard tissues. European Journal of orthodontist (20),501-518, 1998
[5] Ashok Kumar Jena, RituDuggal: Treatment effects of twin block and mandibular protraction appliance-IV in the correction of class II Malocclusion Angle Orthodontist vol80,no 3, 2010.

Abstract: Background: Current medical needs dictate that laboratories offer thyrotropin (TSH) assays that can reliably measure low TSH. The protocol for determining the functional sensitivity of TSH assays specifies analyses of serum samples with two reagent lots over a 6- to 8-week period. Methods: Accordingly, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two TSH ELISA assay methods. Sensitivity was evaluated by comparing the level of TSH hormone by testing a range of human serum samples with at least 2 reagent lots for each method. Results: Both ELISA methods were able to detect hormone levels in the sera, but detection was very significantly (t test, P<0.05) greater with the biotin- streptavidin ELISA in sera from human serum samples than in the peroxidase ELISA. The sensitivity of the biotin- streptavidin ELISA was further enhanced by redefining the calibration curve pattern characteristics, using low end calibrators. With the usage of several statistical considerations (regression analysis) and mathematical curve fitting models lower levels of TSH hormone could be successfully evaluated for early hyperthyroid case detection.
Key Words: ELISA, Calibration curve, regression model, hyperthyroidism.

[1] Carole A. Spencer,4 Michael Takeuchi, Margarita Kazarosyan, Finlay MacKenzie, Geoffrey J. Beckett, and Ewan Wilkinson. Interlaboratory/Intermethod Differences in Functional Sensitivity of Immunometric Assays of Thyrotropin (TSH) and Impact on Reliability of Measurement of Subnormal Concentrations of TSH. CLIN. CHEM. 41/3, 367-374 (1995).
[2] NicoloffJT, Spencer CA. The use and misuse of the sensitive thyrotropin assays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;71: 55 3-8.
[3] Spencer CA, Eigen A, Shen D, Duda M, Quails S, Weiss S, Nicoloff JT. Specificity of sensitive assays of thyrotropin (TSH) used to screen for thyroid disease in hospitalized patients. Clin Chem 1987;33: 1391-6.
[4] Rodbard D. Statistical estimation of the minimal detectable concentration ("sensitivity") for radioligand assays. Anal Biochem 1978;90:1-12.
[5] Spencer CA. Thyroid profiling for the 1990's: free T4 estimate or sensitive TSH measurement. J Clin Immunoassay 1989;12:8 2-9.

Abstract: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an ecological disorder of the vaginal microbiota that affects millions of women annually, and is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes including pre-term birth and the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections. This study aimed to determine the incidence rate of bacterial vaginosis among women and examine the effect of some risk factors and demographic features on BV incidence. Also aimed to compare between the different methods of BV diagnosis. The results revealed that from the 100 patients, 33% were diagnosed as bacterial vaginosis, 23% were having candidiasis, 8% aerobic vaginitis, 3% trichomoniasis and 33% were normal. The highest number of BV positive cases was in the age group of (26-35)Yrs, 94% of the 33 BV positive cases were using vaginal douches and 94% were married. BV positive cases using IUD were equal to BV positive cases using hormonal contraceptives including injection and tablets (12/33, 36.4%). BV was diagnosed in 33%, 38%, 36%, 30% and 34% of patients using Gram stain, culture, Amsel criteria, BV Blue test® and qPCR respectively. When the different diagnostic methods were compared to Gram stain as a gold standard, qPCR had the highest sensitivity, accuracy and negative predictive value while BV Blue test had the highest specificity and positive predictive value.
Key words: Bacterial vaginosis, Nugent score, Amsel criteria, BVBlue test.

[1]. Z. Ling, J. Kong, F. Liu, H. Zhu, X. Chen, Y. Wang, L. Li, K.E. Nelson, Y. Xia, and C. Xiang, Molecular analysis of the diversity of vaginal microbiota associated with bacterial vaginosis, BMC Genomics, 11, 2010, 488-504.
[2]. C.H. Livengood, Bacterial vaginosis: an overview. Rev. Obstet & Gynecol., 2 (1), 2009, 28-37.
[3]. P. Nyirjesy, Vulvovaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am., 22, 2008, 637-652.
[4]. Y. Taj, D. Nasir, N. Kahkashan, and A. Anjum, Sensitivity and specificity of rapid clinical diagnostic test for bacterial
vaginosis and its analytical value, J Dow Uni Health Sci., 6(3), 2012, 91-94.
[5]. J.P. Menard, F. Fenollar, D. Raoult, L. Boubli, and F. Bretelle, Self-collected vaginal swabs or the quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain reaction assay of Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis and the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis., 31, 2012, 513-518.

Abstract: Maintaining newly moved teeth in position, long enough to aid in stabilizing their correction.Bonded retainers are type of retainers which does not require patient`s compliance ,invisiblity and long-term retention. This type of retainers also can produce rare undesirable tooth movement and effects on periodontium which is discussed in our review.
Keywords: Flexible spiral wire retainers, bonded retainers, multistranded wire retainers.

[1] Zachrission .Excellence in finishing. Journal of Clinic Orthodontics 1986; 20; 460-82 and 536-56.
[2] Angle. Treatment of malocclusion of the teeth.7th edition.Philadelphia: SS White Manufacturing Co., 1907.
[3] Hawley CA. A Removable retainer.International Journal of Orthodontics.1919; 2:291-8.
[4] David Russel .Bonded Orthodontic Retainer: A review. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics.1995;108;207-13.
[5] Newman G.V. Epoxy adhesive for orthodontic attachments; Progress report. American journal of Orthodontics1965;51; 901-12.

Abstract: Periodontal disease is a world-wide prevalent chronic infection which is caused by acummulation of specific microrganisms or group of microrganisms in the dental plaque,resulting in progressive loss of the alveolar bone around the teeth with increased probing depth and recession or both.If left untreated it can lead to loosening and subsequent loss of teeth.It prevails in all groups,ethinicities ,races and both the gender.[1]Controlled drug delivery systems represents one of the most rapidly advancing areas of science and numerous advantages include improved efficacy ,reduced toxicity and improved patients compliance and convinence.Many advanced drug delivery systems are being introduced for the intrapocket delivery of drugs at the diseased site.Non-degradable and degradable systems have been developed for the delivery of antimicrobial agents,bio-absorable dental materials,gels,ointments,films,injectables and microcapsules.
Keywords: Drug delivery, Advanced systems, Nanotechnology.

[1] GencoRJ,EvansRT,Ellison SA.(1969)Review of dental research in microbiology with emphesis on periodontal research.Journal of American Dental Association,78,1016-1023.
[2] Slots J.(1979) Subgingivalmicroflora and periodontal disease.Journal of Clinical Periodontology,6,351-354.
[3] UnsallE,WalsamTF,Walsh TF.(1994)Influence of a single application of subgingivalchlorhexidine gel or tetracycline paste on the clinical parameter of adult periodontitis.Journal of Clinical Periodontology,21,351-355.
[4] NakgawaT,YamadaS,OosukaY,et al.(1991)Clinical and microbiological study of minocycline delivery(Periocycline).Bulletin of the tokoyo Dental College,32,63-69.
[5] K.SKornman,Contolled release local delivery antimicrobials in periodontitis.Prospects for the future,J.Periodontol.64(1993) 353-361.

Abstract: Tonsillectomy is the one of the most commonly performed surgical procedure in the department of otorhinolaryngology. There are different methods of tonsillectomy techniques used today with the aim of providing more comfort and less morbidity to patients. Postoperative bleeding and Pain are the most common complications. This study evaluated the Operative time, Intraoperative blood loss, Postoperative pain ,Hospital stay and Cost effectiveness of tonsillectomy performed by Harmonic scalpel as compared to Conventional dissection technique. This is a prospective randomized study where in fifty patients were divided into two groups of equal number. In one group, the tonsillectomy was performed by Harmonic scalpel and in the other group by Conventional dissection technique. Amount of blood loss is significantly reduced in the harmonic group. Total postoperative pain and operative time slightly higher for harmonic scalpel group. There is no significant difference in hospital stay and post operative complications. Harmonic scalpel tonsillectomy has shown to be useful, safe, easy and reliable method of performing tonsillectomy.
Key words: Harmonic scalpel, Tonsillectomy.

[1]. Curtin JM. The history of tonsil and adenoid surgery. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1987 May;20(2):415-9.
[2]. Wiatrak BJ, Willging JP. Harmonic scalpel for tonsillectomy. Laryngoscope. 2002;112(8 Pt 2 Suppl 100):14–6.
[3]. Derkay CS, Maddern BR. Innovative techniques for adenotonsillar surgery in children: introduction and commentary. Laryngoscope. 2002;112(8 Pt 2 Suppl 100):2.
[4]. Brodsky L, Moore L, Stanievich JF: A comparison of tonsillar size and oropharyngeal dimensions in children with obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1987; 13:149.
[5]. Wong D backer :pain in children and comparison of assessment scales. Pediatric nursing 1988;14:9-17.

Abstract: Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease with microbial dental plaque as the initiator of periodontal disease. However the manifestation and progression of the disease is influenced by a wide variety of determinants and factors. The strongest type of causal relationship is the association of systemic disease and periodontal disease. Similarly, we present a case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis which altered the periodontal therapy. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease seen in children and women. A female patient diagnosed as chronic periodontitis was treated with periodontal flap surgical procedure with bone grafting as and where required. The 3 month reassessment showed fair prognosis obvious changes. However a year later the patient's periodontal status was severely deteriorated. Medical reports revealed Hashimoto's thyroiditis. A possible association of Periodontitis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis is considered in the case report.
Key words: Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Periodontitis, Stress.

[1]. Teng YT, Tarylor GW, Scannapieco F Kinan DF, Curtis, Beck JD,et al Periodontal health and systemic disorders J Can Dent Assoc. 2002 Mrar; 68(3):188-92
[2]. Text Book Endocrine Pathology;Differential Diagnosis and Molecular Advances-Ricardo V.Lloyd 1998.
[3]. Caturegli,Kinura H,Roochi R,Rose NR Autoimmune thyroid disease;immunological,pathological and clinical aspects Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1988
[4]. Little JW- Thyroid disease part ii Hypothyroidism and thyroiditis Oral Surg.Oral Med.Oral Pathol.Oarl Radiol.Endod 2006; 148-153
[5]. Burman and McKinley –Grant – Dermatologic aspects of thyroid disease Clin Dermatol 2006, 247-255.

Abstract: Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a common and potentially fatal condition upon rupture, that warrants screening, early diagnosis and treatment to reduce mortality. There are various risk factors, which causes aortic aneurysm. They are smoking history, male gender, old age, family history of AAA, coronary artery disease, COPD etc. Here we present a case of 30 years old female having abdominal aortic aneurysm despite not having any risk factors or general causes of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Pt. was operated by transperitoneal approach and aortobiiliac Anastmosis was done with PTFE graft. Post operative period was uneventful.

[1] R.B. rutherford : Vasculare surgery (6th edition) (1409-1412).
[2] Vernon LF, peacock JR, Esposito AP: Abdominal aortic aneurysms presenting as low back pain: a report of two cases. JMPT 1986;
9(1) : 47-50.
[3] Desforges JF: Abdominal aortic aneurysms. New England J.med 1993; 328 (16): 1167-1172
[4] Stites J, Canterbury R.: Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. Aca J. chiropractic. Nov. 1989; 65-67.
[5] Boline PD, Andesson AV: Abdominal aortic aneurysm. AJCM 1989: 2(3) 114-116.

Abstract: Dental implants are widely used now-a-days for rehabilitation of partial & complete edentulous. Although many literatures regarding dental implant reported to have long term success rate, failure of dental implant is not uncommon.Peri-implant disease is characterized by an inflammatory reaction in the tissues surrounding an implant. Peri-implant disease should be diagnosed & treated as soon as possible to prevent implant failure. This literature review deals with various aspects ofperi-implant disease& its management.
Keywords: Dental Implants, Peri-implant Diseases, Peri-implantitis, Peri-implant Pathology.

[1] Academy Report: Peri-Implant Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis: A Current Understanding of Their Diagnoses and Clinical Implications. Journal of Periodontology, 84(4), 2013, 436-443.
[2] M. Sanz, I.L. Chapple. Clinical research on peri-implant diseases: Consensus report of Working Group 4. Journal ofClinical Periodontology, 39(12s), 2012, 202-206.
[3] M. Roccuzzo, N. De Angelis, L. Bonino, M. Aglietta. Ten-year results of a three-arm prospective cohort study on implants in periodontally compromised patients. Part I: Implant loss and radiographic bone loss. ClinicalOral Implants Research, 21(5), 2010, 490-496.
[4] M.A. Atieh, N.H. Alsabeeha, C.M. Faggion Jr., W.J. Duncan. The frequency of peri-implant diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of Periodontology, 84(11), 2013, 1586-1598.
[5] M. Zablotsky, J. kwan. Periimplantitis: Etiology of the Ailing, Failing, or Failed Dental Implant. In W.B. Hall (Ed.), Critical Decision in Periodontology, (London: BC Decker, 2003) 256-257.

Abstract: India has very high rates of tuberculosis and smoked tobacco use among adults. Efforts to control both tobacco use and tuberculosis in India need to be addressed. Our objective is to examine the role of smoking as a risk factor for the development of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods - A total of 613 TB patients frequency matched with 1226 controls were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire. The associations between cigarette smoking and risk of TB were estimated by computing odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) from logistic regression model. Patients' smoking behavior and patterns of smoking cessation were followed after TB diagnosis. Results - The proportion of cigarette smoking was 54.6% in TB cases, which was significantly higher than that in controls (45.1%) with adjusted OR of 1.93(95% CI: 1.51–2.48) Conclusion - Cigarette smoking was associated with lifetime TB infection and the association was most evident among the heaviest smokers (> 1 pack per day, > 30 pack years). Interventions of smoking cessation are recommended to be included in the current TB control practice.
Keywords: Diagnosis, India, smoking, tobacco, tuberculosis.

[1]. Maartens G, Wilkinson RJ: Tuberculosis. Lancet 2007, 370 (9604):2030-2043. Pub Med Abstract Publisher Full Text.
[2]. WHO REPORT 2008 Global tuberculosis control – surveillance, planning, financing [http://www.who.int/tb/publications/ globalreport/2008/pdf] website.
[3]. Lin HH, Ezzati M, Murray M: Tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS medicine 2007,4(1):e20 PubMed Abstract Publisher Full Text Pub Med Central Full Text
[4]. Bates MN, Khalakdina A, Pai M, Chang L, Lessa F, Smith KR: Risk of tuberculosis from exposure to tobacco smoke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of internal medicine 2007, 167(4):335-342. PubMed Abstracat Publisher Full Text
[5]. Schneider NK, Novotny TE: Addressing smoking cessation in tuberculosis control. Bulletin of World Health organization 2007, 85(10):820 821.

Abstract: Central Nervous System (CNS) infections are known to cause papilloedema and retinal changes. Direct fundoscopy is an established aspect of neurological examination and serve as a direct reflection of different pathologies occurring in the brain. In this study we aim to study the occurrence of disc and retinal changes in cases with infective meningitis and meningo-encephalitis. Methods: A prospective study was done from October 2011 to June 2013 in patients above 6 years of age with clinical diagnosis of infective meningitis or meningo-encephalitis. Results: A total of 57 cases of meningitis/meningo-encephalitis were studied. Mean age in our study group was 28.84 years. Out of 57 patients, 30 (52.6%) were male and 27 (47.4%) were female patients. Oculovisual anomalies were seen in 20 (35.1%) patients. The ocular abnormalities included cranial nerve palsy 4 (7%) and fundus changes 18 (31.6%). All 4 (7%) cases with cranial nerve palsy had 6th cranial nerve involvement. Fundal changes included papilloedema 19 (33.3%), hyperemia 19 (33.3%) and haemorrhage 3 (5.3%). Discussion: Meningitis is the most common CNS disease affecting both children and adults leading to focal neurological deficits and various oculovisual anomalies including blindness in children. Ocular abnormalities form an important group of clinical manifestations of meningitis.
Keywords: Meningitis, meningo-encephalitis, oculovisual anomalies.

[1]. Marlene L.Durand.Systemic Infections and the Eye; Albert and Jokobiec's Priciples and Practice of Ophthalmology;3rd ed;USA;2008;4665-70.
[2]. Meyers SM:The incidence of fundus lesions in septicemia.Am J ophthalmol 1979;88:661-667.
[3]. Neudorfer M,Barnea Y,Geyer O,et al:Retinal lesions in septicemia. Am J Ophthalmol 1993;116:728-734.
[4]. Biswas J,Badrinath SS:Ocular morbidity in patients with active systemic tuberculosis.Int Ophthalmol 1967;64:742-748.
[5]. R.Paul Johnson.Systemic Viral Infection and the Eye; Albert and Jokobiec's Priciples and Practice of Ophthalmology;3rd ed;USA;2008;4687.

Abstract: External root resorption is very infrequent in permanent dentition. It is multifactorial, may occur due to local as well as systemic factors. Contributing local factors are trauma, orthodontic force, periodontitis and systemic factors like hyperparathyroidism, hyperphosphatamia, pagets disease etc. Here presenting a case of external root resorption with different patterns occurring in molars in patient having hypothyroidism and faulty prosthesis.
Key words: root resorption, hypothyroidism, periapical inflammation.

[1]. Llena MC, Idiopathic external root resorption associated to hypercalciuria. Medicina Oral 2002;7(3):192-9.
[2]. Hartsfield JK, Everett ET, and Al-Qawasmi RA. Genetic Factors in External Apical Root Resorption and Orthodontic
Treatment.CROBM 2004;15(2):115-22.
[3]. Fuss Z, Tsesis I, Lin S. Root resorption – diagnosis, classification, and treatment choices based on stimulating factors. Dental
Traumatology 2003;19:175-82
[4]. Tien-Chun Kuo, Ya-An Cheng,Chun-Pin Lin. Clinical management of severe external root resorption.Chin Dent J 2005;24(1).
[5]. Hammarstrom L, et al, Tooth avulsion and replantation: A review. Endod Dent Traumatol 1986;2:1-8.

Abstract: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is considered as the most common ulcerative condition of the oral mucosa. A study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of RAS in a rural population from South Kerala, India. A total of 10518 patients attending PMS College of Dental Science and Research over a period of one year were examined for RAS according to age, gender, and site of lesion. RAS was identified in 0.48% of patients with 1.3:1 female to male ratio and lower labial mucosa showing maximum incidence among patients attending outpatient department of dental college located in a rural area of South Kerala. RAS is a condition that commonly affects young adults. Even though not life threatening it can significantly affect the health related quality of life of an individual. In our study population the prevalence of RAS was 0.48% with female predilection. Lower labial mucosa was found to be most affected site followed by tongue.
Key words: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis, Prevalence, Pilot study, South Kerala.

[1]. Witman PM, Rogers RS: Pediatric oral medicine. DermatolClin21(1), 2003, 157-170.
[2]. Scully C, Porter S: Oral mucosal disease: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Br J Oral MaxillofacSurg 49(2), 2008, 198-206.
[3]. Safadi RA. Prevalence of recurrent aphthous ulceration in Jordanian dental patients. BMC Oral Health 9(1), 2009, 31.
[4]. Vivek V, Nair BJ. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: Current concepts in diagnosis and management. Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 23(3),2011, 232-236.
[5]. Porter SR, Scully C, Pedersen A: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis .Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 9(1), 1998, 306-321.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the use of diode laser for surgical removal, and reducing the bacterial concentration around impacted lower wisdoms. Patients under study were 50 patients aged (19-35 years.), they were divided into two equal groups; the first was the control group; patients were subjected to conventional surgical treatment and the second was the study group; in which patients were treated with Diode Laser. Clinical follow up for post-operative pain, edema, and dry socket incidence, as well as bacterial isolation, and identification of Colony Forming Units (CFU), were done at the following post-operative periods; 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of operation. Results showed marked reduction in the number of patients presenting with post-operative edema in the study group throughout the follow up period. Similarly the pain was much less in the lased group than the control group. The incidence of dry socket decreased in the study group if compared to the control one. Bacterial isolated species were facultative anaerobic as (Staph. aureus, CNS, Strept.

[1]. Gold V. (1994). Pulsed laser beam effects on gingival, J. Cline. Periodontal, 21:391-396.
[2]. Gonzalez-Santana H, Penarrocha-DiagoM,Guarinos-Carbo J, Balaguer-Martinez J. Painand inflammation in 41 patients following the placement of 131 dental implants. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2005: 10: 3: 258-263.(2005).
[3]. Hita-Iglesias P, Torres-Lagares D, Flores-Ruiz R, Magallanes-Abad N, Basallote-Gonzalez M, Gutierrez-Perez JL.(2008). Effectiveness of chlorhexidine gel versus chlorhexidine rinse in reducing alveolar osteitis in mandibular third molar surgery. J. Oral Maxillofac Surg., 66:441-446.
[4]. Eshghpour M, Moradi A, Nejat AH.(2013). Dry Socket following Tooth Extraction in an Iranian Dental Center: Incidence and Risk Factors. J Dent Mater Tech, 2(3): 86-91.
[5]. Khemaleelakul S., Baumgartner J. and Pruksakorn S. (2002).Identification of bacteria in acute endodontic infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Radiol Oral PatholEndod., 94:746-755.

Abstract: An unusual case presented here of a 16 years old female patient who came with chief complaint of severe, unilateral, gingival enlargement confined to the left side of oral cavity. Medical history revealed mild mental retardation and cataract surgery done for both eyes 5 years back. A careful recording of the case history and results of clinical examination and investigations were noted to arrive at the diagnosis.
Key Words: Mental retardation, Gingival hyperplasia, Cataract surgery.

[1]. Poulopoulos A, Kittas D, Sarigelou A. Current concepts on gingival fibromatosis-related syndromes. Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 2011; 2:156–61.
[2]. Sandhu SP, Kakar V,Gogia G, and Narula SC. Unilateral gingival fibromatosis with localized aggressive periodontitis (involving first molars): An unusual case report. J Indian SocPeriodontol. 2009 May-Aug; 13(2): 109–113.
[3]. Long He and Fei-Yun Ping. Gingival fibromatosis with multiple unusual findings: report of a rare case. International Journal of Oral Science 2012;4:221–5.
[4]. Hart TC, Pallos D, Bozzo L, Almeida OP, Marazita ML, O'Connell JR, et al. Evidence of genetic heterogeneity for hereditary gingival fibromatosis. J Dent Res 2000;79:1758-64.
[5]. Sharma S, Goyal D, Shah G, Ray A. Familial gingival fibromatosis: A rare case report. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 2012:3;s63-s66.

Abstract: The Diabetic foot is the commonest complication of Diabetes and is a leading cause of Hospitalization and prolonged in – patient treatment. Diabetic foot ulcer is far and away the most frequent indication for non traumatic lower limb amputations. Appropriate preventive measures as well as patient education will markedly reduce ulcer formation and the frequency of amputations in addition to cutting down on healthcare costs. Here we studied 100 diabetic patients on the basis of new wound based severity scoring system given by Beckert et al.
Keywords: Diabetic foot, Ulcer, Amputation, Diabetic Ulcer Severity Score.

[1]. The Projection of prevalence and cost in Diabetes in Canada 2000 to 2016. Canadian Journal of Diabetes 2004.
[2]. Pinzur MS. Diabetic Foot. Available at http://www.emedicine.com/orthoped/topic 387.htm Accessed 21/07/08.
[3]. Wieman TJ. Principles of Management: The Diabetic foot. American Journal of Surgery 2005; 190:295- 299.
[4]. Levin ME. An Overview of the Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis, Management and Prevention of Lesions. Int J Diabetes. Dev Countries 1994;14.
[5]. Apelqvist J, Ragnarson-Tennvall G, Larsson J, Persson U: Long-term costs for foot ulcers in diabetic patients in a multidisciplinary setting. Foot Ankle Int 16:388– 394, 1995.

Abstract: This paper describes the findings of a research on Yaws Eradication Program in the Sub-District of Tongkuno, District of Muna, Indonesia, and to propose a Community-Based Participative Surveillance Model to improve the early detection, recording and the reporting of Yaws cases in the area. In general the study sought to explain, how aware are the people of the yaws in terms of cause, sign and symptoms, treatment, prevention and recording and reporting. The study also sought to find out the present surveillance system of the Ministry of Health in detecting, recording, and reporting of Yaws. Regarding the people belief, this study sought to find out the issues and health practices related to the spread of yaws. Finally this study proposed a community-based surveillance model that can be applied especially in the village level for early detection, monitoring, prevention and eradication of Yaws.
Keywords: Eradication, Yaws, Surveillance model.

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