iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2016

Abstract: Malocclusion and dentofacial deformities are diseases with multifactorial etiology, where there is a complex interplay of the various etiologic factors resulting in the deformity or malocclusion. Bayesian network, an innovative statistical tool, provides us with a new approach to understand this complex problem. It is a graphical model that encodes probabilistic relationship among variables of interest. When used in combination with statistical technique this graphic model illustrates the causal relationship among different variables...............

Keywords: Bayesian Network, diagnosis, dentistry, orthodontics

[1] Sebastiani P, Yu Y and Ramoni MF. Bayesian machine learning and its potential applications to the genomic study of oral
oncology. Advances in Dental Research 2003;17:104-108.
[2] Ledley RS, Lusted LB. Reasoning foundation of medical diagnosis. Science 1959;130:9-21
[3] Dombal FT, Leaper DJ and Staniland JR. computer aided diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. Br Med J 1972;2(5804):9-13
[4] Heckerman D, Horwitz E and Nathwani B. Update on the pathfinder project. In Washington, DC: IEEE Computer Society Press,
1989:203-7
[5] Nieri M, Clauser C and Francheschi D. Randomized clinical trial in implant study: relationship among methodological, statistical,
clinical, Para textualfeatures and number of citations. Clinical Oral Implants Res 2007;18:419-31

Abstract: Arterial supply of the kidney is by the Renal artery. These renal arteries are the Antero lateral branches of the abdominal Aorta at the L1 to L2 Inter vertebral disc level. During the dissection of Cadavers in the department of anatomy we observed more than one arterial supply to the kidney and a number of renal arteries showing early ramification before entering into the hilum of kidney...............

Keywords: Renal artery, Extra Renal artery, Early Ramification, Kidney

[1] Double renal arteries originating from the aorta -bordei et al 2004.
[2] Surg Radiol Anat, 26: 474–479. 70% of specimens are supplied by single renal artery (Harrison et al).
[3] Accesssory renal arteries are common due to the persistence of the embryonic arteries - Grays anatomy and Dhar and Lal, 2005.
[4] Renal arteries enter the kidney either above or below the hilum - Khamanarong, 2004.
[5] OzkanU,OguzkurtL,TercanT,OsmanK,KocZ,KocaN (2006) Renal artery origins and variations.

Abstract: Chronic kidney disease affects millions of people worldwide and is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality as a result of kidney failure and cardiovascular disease. Accurate assessment of kidney function is important in the clinical setting as a screening tool and for monitoring disease progression and guiding prognosis. In clinical research, the development of new methods to measure kidney function accurately is important in the search for new therapeutic targets and the discovery of novel biomarkers to aid early..........

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate, renal dysfunction

[1] Levey AS, Tangri N, Stevens LA. Classification of chronic kidney disease: a step forward. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:65–67.
[PubMed]
[2] Levey AS, Andreoli SP, DuBose T, Provenzano R, Collins AJ. CKD: common, harmful, and treatable – World Kidney Day 2007.
Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;49:175–179. [PubMed]
[3] Coresh J, Byrd-Holt D, Astor BC, Briggs JP, Eggers PW, Lacher DA, Hostetter TH. Chronic kidney disease awareness, prevalence,
and trends among U.S. adults, 1999 to 2000.JASN.2005;16:180–188. [PubMed]
[4] Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang YL, Castro AF, 3rd, Feldman HI, Kusek JW, Eggers P, Van Lente F, Greene T, Coresh
J. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate.Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:604–612. [PMC free article][PubMed]
[5] de Zeeuw D, Hillege HL, de Jong PE. The kidney, a cardiovascular risk marker, and a new target for therapy.Kidney Int Suppl.
2005;98:S25–29. [PubMed]

Abstract: Introduction: Snake bite is a common problem in North East India as most of the demography includes forests, cultivated land and tea gardens which are a natural habitat to various species of snakes. Snake bite comprises a significant number of hospitalizations with fatalities in this part of the country. We studied all the cases of snake bite poisoning that came to our hospital during the monsoon seasons in the department of medicine of a tertiary care hospital.............

Keywords: Snake bite poisoning, Polyvalent Anti Snake Venom, Hematotoxic snake, Neurotoxin snake

[1]. Bhattacharya P, Chakraborty A; Neurotoxic snake bite with respiratory failure. Indian J Crit Care Med., 2007; 11:161–164.
[2]. Mohapatra B, Warrell DA, Suraweera W, Bhatia P, Dhingra N, Jotkar RM et al.; Snakebite Mortality in India: A Nationally
Representative Mortality Survey. PLOSNegl Trop Dis 2011; 5(4): e1018.
[3]. Anjum A, Husain M, Hanif SA, Ali SM, Beg M, et al. (2012) Epidemiological Profile of Snake Bite at Tertiary Care Hospital,
North India. J Forensic Res 3:146. doi:10.4172/2157-7145.1000146
[4]. Bawaskar HS, Bawaskar PH, Punde DP, Inamdar MK, RB Dongare, Bhoite RR. Profile of Snakebite Envenoming in Rural
Maharashtra, India. JAPI, FEBRUARY 2008 ,VOL. 56 ,88-95
[5]. Nagnath R, Bhaisare SD, Bansod YV, Management and Outcome Study of Snake Bite Cases in Central India Hire R, Sch. J. App.
Med. Sci., 2014; 2(1D):435-441

Abstract: An 18 yr old adult presented with bilateral supernumerary premolars in maxillary 2nd molar region. Early diagnosis and management were done to correct the orthodontic problems.
Keywords: Maxillary, Premolar, Supernumerary

[1] Solares R. The complications of late diagnosis of anterior supernumerary teeth : Case report. J Dent Child. 1990;57:209-211.
[2] Stafne EC. Supernumerary teeth. Dental Cosmos. 1932;74:653-659.
[3] Schulze C. Incidence of supernumerary teeth. Dent Abstr. 1961;6:23.
[4] Parry RR, Iyer VS. Supernumerary teeth amongst orthodontic patients in India. Br Dent J. 1961;111:257-258.
[5] Grahnen H, Lindhal B. Supermumerary teeth in the permanent dentition : A frequency study. Odont Revy. 1961;12:290-294.

Abstract: NASID induced gastro intestinal injury represent the most frequent adverse drug event worldwide. Despite the large number of drug used, the incidence of serious side effects due to NSAIDs is considerably low. The wide spectrum of side effects includes of those affecting renal, hepatic and haematological functions. The major gastrointestinal adverse effects include peptic ulcer disease, gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation. Peptic ulcer disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the stomach and duodenum affecting approximately 15% of people the world over............

[1]. Goggin PM, Collins DA,Jazrawi RP,et al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and its effect on symptoms and non
steroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced gastrointestinal damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Gut 1993;34:1677-1680
[2]. Taha AS, Russel RL, Helicobacter pylori and non steroidal anti-inflammetory drugs-uncomfortable partners in peptic ulcer
disease.Gut 1993;34:580-583.
[3]. Roth SH, Benett RE,NSAIDS and gastropathy: rheumatologists review.J.Rheumatoid 1998;15:912-8
[4]. Henry DA,Johnson A,Dobson A et al.Fatal peptic ulcer complications and the use of non steroidal anti inflammatory
drugs,aspiring and corticosteroids.Br.Med J.1987,295:1227-9
[5]. 5.Brooks Pm,Yeomans Nd.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastropathy is it prevalence?Aust.NZ.Med.1992 ;22;685-991.

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of Posterior Capsular Opacification (PCO) in different types of foldable IOLs and also to estimate the duration between phacoemulsification surgery andPCO formation requiring Nd YAG capsulotomy. Method: This retrospective study included all patients who had undergone NdYAG capsulotomy after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery with foldable IOL implantation in the past 5 years. Thirteen types of acrylic foldable IOLs were analysedfor the incidence and time taken for PCO formation after phacoemulsification surgery.............

Keywords: Posterior Capsular Opacification (PCO), Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)

[1]. Gonvers M, Sickenberg M, van Melle G. Change in capsulorhexis size after implantation of three types of intraocular lenses. J
Cataract Refract Surg 1997; 23: 231–238 | PubMed | ChemPort |
[2]. suboi S, Tsujioka M, Kusube T, Kojima S. Effect of continuous circular capsulorhexis and intraocular lens fixation on the bloodaqueous barrier. Arch Ophthalmol 1992; 110: 1124–1127 | PubMed |
[3]. Werner L, Pandey SK, Escobar-Gomez M et al. Anterior capsule opacification: a histopathological study comparing different IOL
styles. Ophthalmology 2000; 107: 463–467 | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
[4]. Werner L, Pandey SK, Apple DJ et al. Anterior capsule opacification: correlation of pathological findings with clinical sequelae.
Ophthalmology 2001; 108: 1675–1681 | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
[5]. Macky TA, Pandey SK, Werner L et al. Anterior capsule opacification In: Werner L, Apple DJ (eds) Complications of Aphakic
and Refractive Intraocular Lenses. Int Ophthalmol Clin Lippincott & Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA 2001 pp 17–32

Abstract: To study serological parameters in thalassemic patients.  To correlate various parameters in these patients.  To study the effect of regular safe blood transfusion & adequate iron chelation on these parameters.  To identify parameters of prognostic significance in these patients............

[1]. Adil A, Sobani ZA, Jabbar A, Adil SN, Awan S.. Endocrine complications in patients of beta thalassemia major in a tertiary care
hospital in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 2012; 62(3): 307-10
[2]. Adlekha S, Chadha T, Jaiswal RM, Singla A. Screening of β-thalassaemia trait by means of red cell indices and derived formulae.
Med J DY Patil Univ 2013; 6: 71-74
[3]. Al Haddad RM. Molecular, biochemical and hematological investigations of beta thalassemic children in Gaza governorate. Thesis
submitted to islamic university, Gaza 2012. Available at : http://library.iugaza.edu.ps/thesis/106956.pdf Accessed on January, 2016
[4]. Ali D, Mehran K, Moghaddam AG. Comparative evaluation of renal findings in beta-thalassemia major and intermedia. Saudi J
Kidney Dis Transpl 2008; 19(2): 206-09
[5]. Al-Kataan MA, Al-Rasheed SM, Ahmed FA. Serum iron status in beta-thalassemic patients with clinical signs of iron overload.
Tikrit Med J 2009; 15(1): 9-12

Abstract: Pertrochanteric fractures are of intense interest globally. Incidence has increased significantly during recent decades and this tendency will probably continue to rise in near future due to increased span of life. Before the introduction of suitable fixation devices, the treatment was predominantly conservative. This conservative approach has now fallen into disrepute because of the high complication rate, making operative management preferred treatment. The present study is undertaken to study the role of surgical management and assess its functional outcome in Pertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fracture............

Keywords: pertrochanteric fractures, intertrochanteric fractures, subtrochanteric fractures, internal fixation, Boyd and Griffin

[1]. Thomas A. Russell . Inter Trochanteric Fractures. In: Bucholz, Robert W. ; Heckman, James D. ; Court-Brown, Charles M. ;
Tornetta, Paul eds . Rockwood And Green's Fractures In Adults, 7th Edition. Philadelphia ; poi,lkim1`Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins. 2010. pg 1597.
[2]. George J. Haidukewych , Joshua Langford . SubTrochanteric Fractures. In: Bucholz, Robert W. ; Heckman, James D. ; Court-
Brown, Charles M. ; Tornetta, Paul eds . Rockwood And Green's Fractures In Adults, 7th Edition. Philadelphia ; Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins. 2010. pg 1641.
[3]. Gullberg B, Johnell O, Kanis JA. World-wide projections for hip fracture. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(5):407-413.

Abstract: Background: This study aimed to test the effect of various dental impression disinfectants on the teeth and dental arch measurements. Materials and methods: Forty impressions for the mandibular arch were taken with alginate impression material from ten dental students each for four times. The first ten impressions (control) were washed with distilled water and poured with type IV dental stone. The other thirty impressions were immersed in Clorox (sodium hypochlorite), Biosanitizer M and Zeta............

Keywords: Dental impression, disinfection, teeth and dental arch measurements

[1]. ADA council on scientific affairs and ADA council on dental practice. Infection control recommendations for the dental office and
dental laboratory. JADA 1996; 127(5): 672-80
[2]. Jagger DC, Al Jabra O, Harrison A, Vowles RW, McNally L. The effect of a range of disinfectants on the dimensional accuracy of
some impression materials. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2004; 12(4):154-60.
[3]. Hussain SM, Tredwin CJ, Nesbit M, Moles DR. The effect of disinfection on irreversible hydrocolloid and type III gypsum casts.
Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2006; 14(2): 50-4.
[4]. Hiraguchi H, Nakagawa H, Kaketani M, Hirose H, Nishiyama M. Effects of disinfection of combined agar/alginate impressions on
the dimensional accuracy of stone casts. Dent Mater J 2007; 26(3): 457-62.
[5]. Ghahramanloo A, Sadeghian A, Sohrabi K, Bidi A. A microbiologic investigation following the disinfection of irreversible
hydrocolloid materials using the spray method. J Calif Dent Assoc 2009; 37(7): 471-7.

Abstract: We report the case of inguinal Lymphadenopathy in a known and operated case of seminoma. While testicular tumour metastasise to retroperitoneal lymph nodes, metastasis to inguinal nodes is only possible when patient has previous history of testicular or scrotal surgeries. We review the literature to know the incidence of inguinal lymph node involvement in testicular malignancy and discuss possible routes along with metastases to this unusual site. During surgeries minimum handling of the testis and ligation of the spermatic cord up high up to the inguinal ring may reduce metastasis

Keywords: Inguinal lymph node, metastasis, seminoma

1]. Daugaard G, Karas V, Sommer P: Inguinal metastases from testicular cancer. BJU Int 2006, 97:724-726.
[2]. Batata MA, Whitmore WF Jr, Chu FC, Hilaris BS, Loh J, Grabstald H, Golbey R: Cryptorchidism and testicular cancer. J Urol
1980, 124:382-387.
[3]. Wheeler JS Jr, Babayan RK, Hong WK, Krane RJ: Inguinal node metastases from testicular tumors in patients with prior
orchiopexy. J Urol 1983, 129:1245-1247.
[4]. Johnson DE, Babaian RJ: The case for conservative surgical management of the ilioinguinal region after inadequate orchiectomy.
J Urol 1980, 123:44-46.
[5]. Lanteri VJ, Choudhury M, Pontes JE, Wajsman Z, Beckley S, Murphy GP: Treatment of testicular tumors arising in patients with
previous inguinal and/or scrotal surgery. J Urol 1982, 127:58-59.

Abstract: Root resection is one creative treatment approach for preserving compromised molars. Root resection is highly predictable procedure with a success rate similar to that of implant. This study presents the case of a patient with pain in the upper right first molar with history of root canal treatment. Clinical examination revealed an oblique root fracture of mesiobuccal root of 16 tooth for which resection was planned .Healing of the case was uneventful.

Keywords: Endodontic therapy, Maxillary molar,Root fracture,Root resection,Root separation

[1]. American Academy of Periodontology. Glossary of Periodontal Terms. Chicago: American Academy of Periodontology ;
2001:45.
[2]. Farrar JM. Radical and heroic treatment of alveolar abscess by amputation of roots of teeth. Dental Cosmos 1884;26:7912.
[3]. Kryshtalskyi e. Root amputation and hemisection. Indications, technique and restoration, Jourmd Canadian Dental Association
1986;52, 307-S.
[4]. Parmar G, Vashi P. Hemisection : A Case Report and Review.Endodontology 2003;Vol. 15,; 26-29.
[5]. Babay NA, Almas K . A four-year clinical follow-up of nonvital root resection in maxillary molar teeth.

Abstract: Introduction : In the field of trauma surgery, fractures of the leg remain the injuries with a higher complication rate. The optimum treatment for fractures of the tibia remains controversial. When the aim is stable fixation with early restoration of function without use of plaster, intramedullary nailing offers an attractive treatment option.Newer tibial nail designs has widened the range of indications for medullary osteosynthesis to include almost every type of fracture. This study was done to evaluate the outcome of use of expert tibial nail in metaphyseal and diaphyseal fractures of tibia.............

[1]. Puno RM, Teynor JT, Nagano J, Gustilo RB. Critical analysis of results of treatment of 201 tibial shaft fractures. Clin Orthop 1986; 212: 113-21.
[2]. Thomas A. Russel, J Charles Taylor, David G, Lavelle. Fractures of the tibia and fibula. In: Rockwood and Green's Fractures in
Adults, 3rd Edition. J.B. Lipincott Company, Philadelphia 1991; 2: 1915-82.
[3]. Sarimiento A, Sharpe FE, Embram ZE, Normand P, Shakwiler J. Factors influencing the outcome of closed tibial fractures treated
with functional bracing. Clin Orthop 1995; 315: 8-24.
[4]. Lawrence BB, Kenneth DJ. Treatment of tibial fractures by reaming and intramedullary nailing. J Bone Joint Surg 1986; 68A: 877-
86.
[5]. Wiss DA. Flexible medullary nailing of acute tibial shaft fractures. Clin Orthop 1986; 212: 122-32.

Abstract: A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the incidence, types and pattern of presentation of ocular emergency in a tertiary eye care centre.Demography characteristics, medical history,presenting visual acuity and diagnosis of all patients managed as ocular emergencieswere obtained from their hospital records. Three hundred and eight ocular emergencies constituting 10.1% of the total new cases seen were studied. The mean age was 30.7±21.5 years.............

Keywords: Ocular, Emergency, Ekiti, Monocular, Blindness

[1]. Abdul qayyum, Abdul hameed khokhar, Abdul samad achakzai. Prevalence of Ocular Emergencies in Quetta –Balochistan.
Pjmhs 2009;3(3):43-45
[2]. Dianna Graves, COMT, BS.Triaging ocular emergencies 2010–2012, BSM Consulting.
[3]. Christopher H,Michael L .Ocular emergency. Australian Family Physician2008;37(7): 506-509
[4]. Pierre Filho de Tarso Ponte,Gomes Paulo Rogers Parente,Pierre Erika Teles Linhares, Pinheiro Neto Felisberto Bastos.Profile of
ocular emergencies in a tertiary hospital from Northeast of Brazil Rev. bras.oftalmol.2010 ; 69 (1):12-17
[5]. Aslam SA, Sheth HG, Vaughan AJ. Emergency management of corneal injuries. Injury 2007;38:594-597.
[6]. Parul Singh, Manoj Tyagi, Yogesh Kumar, K.K Gupta, P.D Sharma. Ocular chemical injuries and their management.Oman J
Ophthalmol.2013;6(2):83-86

Abstract: Foreign body in the aerodigestive tract is common, but ingested foreign body lodging in the nasopharynx is rare and likely to be missed. We present an unusual case of a 3 month old infant who presented with a history of gagging, excessive crying and irritability, drooling of saliva and refusal to suck. A foreign body (mirror) was found lodged in his nasopharynx. The FB was removed under general anaesthesia with no complication.

Keywords: Nasopharynx, foreign body, mirror, ingestion

[1]. Kanotra S, Lateef M, Ahmed S. Nasopharyngeal foreign bodies. Indian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2012:22( 8)392-393.
[2]. Pallavi R, Singh R, Bakshi P. Nasopharyngeal foreign body: A rare entity with unique symptoms of AOM. The Internet Journal of
Otorhinolaryngology. 2006:6(2);1-4.
[3]. Agrahori AK, Roy S, Jain RK. An Unusual Foreign Body of Eight Months Duration in The Nasopharynx of A 3 years old Child. Int
J OtorhinolaryngolClin 2014:6(3):140-141.
[4]. Sengupta A, Saha P, Chakrabarty S. Foreign Body In The Nasopharynx Of A Child. Indian J Otolaryngol and Head and Neck Surg
2005:57(3);248-249.
[5]. Jagdish Kumar AGS. Nasopharyngeal Foreign Body in a Young Child. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 63(3):285– 286.

Abstract: Objectives: Serum concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM were determined in subjects with pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes as compared to both apparently healthy pregnant and non-pregnant subjects resident in Port Harcourt, Nigerian.
Materials and methods: A total of 200 femalesubjects comprising four groups of 50 subjects each were recruited into the study: healthy non-pregnant subjects (Group A); healthy pregnant subjects (Group B); subjects with pre-eclampsia (Group C) and subjects with gestational diabetesmellitus (Group D). All pregnant subjects were further subdivided into the appropriate semester according to gestational age of pregnancy. Venousblood samples were obtained and determined for immunoglobulins A, G and M with theturbidimetric immunoassay method usingan automated chemical analyzer.............

Keywords: Immunoglobulins, Pregnancy, Women, Diabetes, Pre-eclampsia

[1]. Ahsan T, Wahab F, Kamal MM, Islam SN. Serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) levels in preeclampsia and eclampsia
pregnancies.Intern J Third World Med. 2009; 8(1): 1-4. http://print.ispub.com/api/0/ispub-article/11479 [accessed 17.11.15]
[2]. Akinlade KS, Arinola OG, Salimonu LS, Oyeyinka GO. Circulating immune complexes, immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgA and
IgM) and complement components (C3c, C4 and Factor B) in diabetic Nigerians.WestAfr J Med. 2004; 23(3):253-255.
[3]. Akinpelu, OO, Aken'Ova, YA, Arinola, OG. Levels of immunoglobulin classes are not associated with severity of HIV infection in
Nigerian patients. World Journal of AIDS. 2012; 2(3):232-236.
[4]. Al-Jameil N, Aziz Khan F, Fareed Khan M, Tabassum H. A brief overview of preeclampsia.JClin Med Res. 2014; 6(1):1-7.
[5]. Amah-Tariah FS, Dapper DV and Ojeka SO. Haematological values in pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria II: Serum iron
and transferrin, total and unsaturated iron binding capacity and some red cell and platelet indices. Niger J Physiol Sci. 2011;
26(2):173-178.

Abstract: In dermatology over years many scoring systems have been developed which help develop objectivity in clinical observation of various skin disorders . These scores use criteria which can be easily studied clinically and compared and are easily responsive to routine treatments . The scoring helps us in grading the severity of a particular disease , guiding therapy , also measuring the response
of the treatment . Thus, these scoring systems help us predicting the prognosis of a particular disease ..........

Keywords: Dermatology , scoring systems , prognosis.

[1]. DS Krupashanker , Scoring Systems in Dermatology (Manipal , India, 2009 )
[2]. Bhor U, et al., Scoring systems in dermatology , Indian journal of dermatology , leprology and venerology , Year 2006, Volume 72,
Issue 4 [p. 315-321]
[3]. Amir Feily , Vitiligo Extent Tensity Index (VETI) score: a new definition, assessment and treatment evaluation criteria in vitiligo ,
dermatology practicle and conceptual , oct 2014 (p. 81-84)
[4]. Sanjiv grower , Scoring system in pemphigus , Indian journal of dermatology , mar-apr 2011 56(2) (145-149)
[5]. Imran Majid, Inaamul Haq, [...], and Tasleem Arif , Proposing Melasma Severity Index: A New, More Practical, Office-based Scoring
System for Assessing the Severity of Melasma , Indian journal of dermatology , jan-feb 2016 69(1) (39-44).

Abstract: Introduction: Type 2 DM is the common form of Diabetes Mellitus. Since there is no complete cure for Type 2 DM, there is need for newer and effective alternatives. Biotin increases insulin secretion in pancreas and glycogen synthesis in liver by increasing the expression of Glucokinase. Objective: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of Biotin as add on therapy to metformin in the management of Type 2 DM in comparison with metformin alone............

Keywords: Biotin,Type 2 DM

[1]. Alvin. C . powers, Diabetes Mellitus ,Harrison's principles of internal medicine chap: 338,17th ed. page .no 7083
[2]. V.mohan s. Sandeep Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: Indian scenario ,Indian journal of medical research, 125, March 2007, pp
217-230
[3]. Alvin. C . powers, Diabetes Mellitus ,Harrison's principles of internal medicine ch 338,17th ed. page .no 7084
[4]. Henry M. Kronenberg, MD,Shlomo Melmed, MD, FRCP,Kenneth S. Polonsky, MD,
[5]. Chap 30 Type 2 diabetes mellitus , Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, 11th ed.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect on micro hardness of nano filled resin composites as restorative material by the use of mouth rinses. Mouth rinses have gained the popularity in India due to increase dental awareness in recent years.The commercial advertisements have also helped to surge he use of different mouth rinses readily available in market. Similarly, nanofilled composite has been the material of choice for restorative purposes.Thus,this study was taken to evaluate effect of the three commercially available mouth rinses on micro hardness of nano filled resin composites. It was found that alcohol based mouth rinses reduce the microhardness of nanofilled composite to greater extent than the non alcohol based mouthrinses............

Keywords: mouthrinse,nanofilled composite,microhardness

[1]. Fischman SL (1994) A clinician's perspective on antimicrobial mouthrinses Journal of the American Dental Association 125(Supplement 2) 205-225.
[2]. Ciancio S (1994) Expanded and future uses of mouthrinses.Journal of the American Dental Association 125(Supplement 2) 295-325.
[3]. Overholser CD, Meiller TF, DePaola LG, Minah GE & Niehaus C (1990).Comparative effects of two chemotherapeutic mouthrinses on the development of supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis Journal of Clinical Periodontology 17(8) 575-579
[4]. Mozner N, Klapohr S. nanotechnology for dental composites. Int J Nanotechnol. 2004;1:130–41.
[5]. Gurgan S, Onen A & Koprulu H (1997) In vitro effects of alcohol containing and alcohol-free mouthrinses on microhardness of some restorative materials Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 24(3) 244-246.

Abstract: Topical corticosteroids are the most widely used therapeutic agents in modern dermatologic therapy. The increasing frequency of use of topical steroids has led to the detection of a number of adverse effects and is dependent upon chemical nature of the drug, the vehicle, and the location of its application. The common adverse effects on face are erythema, telangiectasia, xerosis, photosensitivity and rebound phenomenon. The improper advertisement by manufacturers, availability of steroids without prescription, improper prescribing by doctors, has resulted in the rapid emergence of topical steroid abuse..............

Keywords: Corticosteroid Abuse, Dermatology, Topical Application

[1]. Sulzberger MB, Witten VH. The effect of topically applied compound F in selected dermatoses. J Invest Dermatol 1952; 19:101-2.
[2]. Valencia IC, Kerdel FA. Topical glucocorticoids. In: Fitzpatrick T, editor. Dermatology in General Medicine. 5 th ed. New York:
McGraw-Hill; 1999. p. 2713-7.
[3]. Verma SB. Sales, status, prescriptions and regulatory problems with topical steroids in India. Indian J DermatolVenereolLeprol
2014;80:201-3.
[4]. 4. Fixed Dose Combinations approved By DCG (I) since 1961 till July, 2014. Central Drugs Standard Control Organization, India.
[5]. Approval Status of New Drug during 1971-1998. Central Drugs Standard Control Organization, India. Available from:
http://cdsco.nic.in/ writereaddata/1971-98.doc. [Last accessed on 2015 May 28].

Abstract: The present study is designed to investigate the disorders of swallowing and feeding in children and teenagers suffering from cerebral palsy (PC). These disorders can have vital consequences dependent on the pneumonia generated by the false roads. This descriptive study was undertaken on a sample of 65 child and teenager suffering from CP between 2 and 17 years old, in the North-West of Morocco. For that we used the Gross Motor function Classification System, Expanded and Revised (GMFCS- E & R) and a questionnaire of evaluation of the feeding and swallowing..............

Keywords: Cerebral palsy, children, feeding, teenagers, swallowing.

[1]. Bax m, Goldstein m, Rosenbaum p. Proposed definition and classification of cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2005; 47 (8);
571-6
[2]. Maria Sangermano, Roberta D'Aniello, Grazia Massa, Raffaele Albano, Pasquale Pisano, Mauro Budetta, Goffredo Scuccimarra, Enrico Papa, Giangennaro Coppola and Pietro Vajro. Nutritional problems in children with neuromotor disabilities: an Italian case series Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2014, 40:61 doi:10.1186/1824-7288-40-61
[3]. M. Le Métayer. Identification et évaluation des troubles buccofaciaux en infirmité motrice cérébrale. Modalités de l'éducation thérapeutique Motricité cérébrale 29 (2008) 117–120
[4]. Robert Palisano, Peter Rosenbaum, Doreen Bartlett, Michael Livingston, Gross Motor Function Classification System Expanded
and Revised. CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University. 2007
[5]. Catherine Senez, rééducation des troubles de l'alimentation,et de déglutition dans les pathologies d'origine congénitale et les
encéphalopathies acquises Edition Solal,111,rue Saint-Cécile 13005Marseille,2002

Abstract: Stafne's cyst is often defined as static lesions located in the angle of the mandible. Defect ranges from 0.10% to 0.48%, with a male-to-female ratio of 4 to 1. Most of these painless lesions occur in the fifth and sixth decade of life. They are round or ovoid, and their sizes vary between 0.5 cm and 2.0 cm in diameter. This lesion is easily diagnosed from the radiographs as they appear at a typical site & shape and clearly distinguished from its surroundings. CT scans & MRI scans add as important tool in confirmation of these
lesions. Consequently many authors have proposed that there is no need for surgical treatment of these bony defects............

Keywords: Stafne's Cyst, CT, MRI & CBCT

[1]. Stafne EC. Bone cavities situated near the angle of the mandible. J Am Dent Assoc 1942; 29: 1969–1972.
[2]. Sisman Y, Eto¨z OA, Mavili E, Sahman H, Tarim Ertas E. Anterior Stafne bone defect mimicking a residual cyst: a case report.
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Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the common HSG protocols and findings among infertile women in a Tertiary Healthcare Center in North eastern Nigeria. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 257 cases of infertile women who had HSG
within a period of five years from 2010 to 2015. Patients' Radiology number, age, Indication and finding as well as the number and types of projections taken for each patient was documented on a data capture sheet. The data collected were first categorized into indications protocols and findings. The abnormal findings were then further grouped based on the anatomical site/organ involved before being analyzed. Descriptive statistics was employed for the data analysis using SPSS software version 16..............

Keywords: HSG, Infertility, patients.

[1]. Sharma S ,Mittal S, Aggarwal P., Management of Infertility in Low Resource Countries. BJOG,11(1), 2009, 77-83
[2]. Bello TO. Pattern of tubal pathology in infertile women on hysterosalpingography in Ilorin. Annals of Afr. Med.,3(2), 2004, 77-9.
[3]. Pollard I. A guide to reproduction: social issues and human concerns Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994, 3-17.
[4]. Belsey MA. The epidemiology of infertility: A review with particular reference to Sub-Saharan Africa. Bull. World Health Organ;
Vol. 54, 1976.
[5]. Santhalia P.K, Grupta M.K,Uprety D, Ahmad K, Ansari S, Agrawal N., Role of radiographic Hysterosalpingography in eastern
Nepal, NJR 3 (4), 2013, 59-66.

Abstract: A Numerical approach is used to find the energy levels and electron distribution for each subshell in Hydrogen like atoms. This approach used the built in ability of MATLAB to find Eigen values and Eigen ectors. The space around the nucleus is divided in three dimensions into a large number of elements. The wave function in each element, for a specific subshell,was foundto be the Eigen vector of the Hamiltonian operator matrix constructed for the discrete spatial elements. The square of the magnitude of the wave function is plotted in three dimensions to show the distribution of electron around the nucleus. The electron energy for that subshell
was found from the corresponding Eigen value.............

[1]. Hans A Bethe and Edwin E Salpeter, "Quantum mechanics of one and two-electron atoms" Dover Pub. INC, NY 2008.
[2]. Anders W. Sandvik, "Numerical Solutions of the Schr¨odinger Equation", PY 502, Computational Physics, Fall 2015
[3]. SimenKvaal, " A Critical Study of the Finite Differenceand Finite Element Methods for theTime Dependent Schrödinger Equation",
PHD thesis, University of Oslo, 2004.
[4]. SupriyoDatta, "Fundamentals of Nano-electronics", Sept 11, 2009, Chapter 2.2
[5]. Wolfgang Hackbusch and Boris N. Khoromskij, "Hierarchical Kronecker Tensor-Product Approximations", Max-Planck-
InstitutMathematik in den Naturwissenschaften, Inselstr. 22-26, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany

Abstract: Introduction: The normal throat flora of humans is complex and consists of several species of bacteria. Materials &Methods: The study aimed at finding out the normal commensel flora of throat of healthy individual in a tertiary care hospital with 157 selected individuals of different ages and both sexes over a period of three months (January 2015 to March2015). Diagnosed cases of immunocompromisation were excluded from the study. Aseptically collected throat swabs were processed for microbiological workup as per standard protocols. Speciation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates were done by VITEK-2 Advanced Expert
System. Data were analyzed as per standard statistical methods............

Keywords : Throat swab, flora, VITEK-2AES, Viridian Streptococcus

[1]. Sherwood, Linda; Willey, Joanne; Woolverton, Christopher (2013). Prescott's Microbiology (9th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
pp. 713–721.
[2]. Cui L, Morris A, Ghedin E (July 2013). "The human mycobiome in health and disease". Genome Med 5 (7): 63.
[3]. Rogers A H (editor). (2008). Molecular Oral Microbiology. Caister Academic Press.
[4]. Guarner F (2006) enteric flora in health and disease. Digestion 73: Suppl 15–12.
[5]. CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty fourth Informational Supplement. CLSI document
M100-S24. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.