iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2016

Abstract: Brain injury causes disability and death. Soursop leaf extract has been widely studied as anti-inflammatory and anti oxidant in non-trauma cases. The anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects of Royal Jelly has also been studied. The role of soursop leaf extract and Royal Jelly on cerebral contusion need to be studied. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of Soursop leaf extract and Royal Jelly in cerebral contusion rat model to cerebral edema and apoptosis mediated by BDNF/IL-1β ratio............

Keywords: Cerebral contusion, soursop leaf extract, royal jelly

[1]. Alejandro, A.R. Treatment of Cerebral Edema, The Neurologist, 12(2), 2006, 59-73.
[2]. Gennarelli TA, Graham DI. Neuropathology, in Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC (eds.) Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury. (American Psychiatric Publishing : Washington DC, 2005) 43-44.
[3]. Clausen F, Hånell A, Israelsson C, Hedin J, Ebendal T,Mir AK,Gram H, Marklund N. Neutralization of interleukin-1β reduces cerebral edema and tissue loss and improves late cognitive outcome following traumatic brain injury in mice. European Journal of

Abstract: Background: Complications of diabetes are due to the endothelial dysfunction. Levels of sialic acid which is a major constituent of endothelium are increased in diabetes mellitus. Estimation of these levels can be used a marker in the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Methods: A group of 60 clinical cases and 40 controls are taken in the study. Subjects were divided into three groups consisting of healthy controls, diabetics with nephropathy and diabetics without nephropathy. Correlations studies were performed between various groups............

Keywords: Sialic acid, Microalbuminuria, Nephropathy.

[1]. Nayak BS, Roberts L. Relationship between inflammatory markers, metabolic and anthropometric variables in the Caribbean type 2 diabetic patients with and without microvascular complications. Journal of Inflammation 2006, 3:17 doi:10.1186/1476-9255-3-17
[2]. Kumar R, Abbas A, Fausto N, Aster JC, editors. Robbins and cotron "Pathologic basis of disease" 8th Ed. Saunders Elsevier Publishing Division; 2010. 934-935, 1131-1146
[3]. Mogensen CE, Christensen CK. Predicting diabetic nephropathy in insulin dependent patients. N Engl J Med1984; 311:364-72.
[4]. Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Lango DL, Jameson JL et al, editors. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 16th ed. McGraw-Hill: Medical publishing division; 2008
[5]. Castano L, Eisenbarth GS. Type-I diabetes. A chronic autoimmune disease of human, mouse and rat. Annual Review of Immunology 1990;8:647–79

Abstract: To Compare The Pre Operative Role And Efficacy Of Skin Traction In The Pain Management In Neck Of Femur Fractures Among Elderly Patients.

[1]. Singer BR, McLauchlan GJ, Robinson CM, et al. epidemiology of fractures in 15,000 adults: The influence of age and gender. J
bone joint surgery Br. 1998;80(2):243-248.
[2]. Dennison E, Mohamed MA, Cooper C. Epidemiology of osteoporosis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2006;32(4):617-629.
[3]. Billsten M, Besjakov J, Hyddmark U, Johnell O, Sernbo I (1996) Enquiry in Sweden on the use of traction preoperatively in
patients with hip fracture and a radiological study on the effect of the traction on ten displaced cervical hip fractures. ActaOrthop
Scand [Suppl] 270:35 (abstract)
[4]. Anderson GH, Harper WM, Connolly CD, Badham J, Goodrich N, Gregg PJ (1993) Preoperative skin traction for fractures of the
proximal femur. A randomised prospective trial. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 75:794–796
[5]. Finsen V, Borset M, Buvik GE, Hauke I (1992) Preoperative traction in patients with hip fractures. Injury 23:242–244

Abstract: It is unclear whether Serum Uric Acid [SUA] promotes or protects against cerebrovascular disease. Present study was done to estimate uric acid levels and its association in patients of acute ischemic stroke. Method: Total 100 consecutive patients (50 males and 50 females) with first episode of stroke as evidenced by CT scan within 48 hours were chosen for the study .The serum uric acid was estimated by the Uricase method. The patients were further evaluated for the presence of additional risk factors like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disese [CAD],smoking and alcoholism..............

Keywords: Serum uric acid, acute ischemic stroke

[1]. Wade S. Smith, S. Claiborne Johnston, J. Claude Hemphill, III. Cerebrovascular diseases. In: Longo DL, Fauci AS
Kasper DL, Hauser SL et al. Harrison‟s Principles of Internal Medicine. 19thed. Philadelphia Mc Graw Hill; 2015. 2559 – 84.
[2]. Buckley BM. Healthy aging: ageing safely. Eur Heart J 2001; (suppl. 3): N6-10
[3]. Daskalopoulou SS, Athyros VG, Elias M, Mikhailidis DP. Uric acid levels and vascular disease: Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:951-4
[4]. Milionis HJ, Rizos E, Goudevenos J, Seferiadis K, Mikhidilis DP, Elisaf MS. Component of the metabolic syndrome and risk for
first-ever acute ischemic non-embolic stroke in elderly subjects. Stroke 2005; 36:1372.
[5]. Chamorro A, Obach V, Cervera A, Revilla M, Deulofeu R, Aponte JH. Prognostic significance of uric acid serum
concentration in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2002; 33:1048-1052.

Abstract: Introduction: Critical care medicine has remarkably improved in past few decades. Newer antibiotics are being introduced daily. Even then, sepsis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Infection which had cost millions of death in past are now being brought under control by effective immunization. Sepsis related deaths are more common in developing nations like India. Epidemiology of sepsis is changing. The reasons for this change are older infections previously fatal are now being eradicated due to effective antibiotics, immunization. Yet new infections are on the rise. Increased utilization of invasive devices and technology has lead to health care associated infections. Various biochemical indicators have been investigated to diagnose, prognosticate and to guide treatment in children with septic shock............

[1]. Koliski et al conducted a prospective observational study in 75 children admitted in intensive care unit for various illness .
[2]. Kana ram Jat conducted a prospective observational study in 30 children admitted to PICU with septic shock .Their aim was to
find correlate serum lactate level in children with septic shock with survival .serum lactate level were measured in arterial blood 0-
12 and at 24 hours after admission .
[3]. A prospective cohort study was conducted by Scott et al in children younger than 19 years . Their objective was to test the utility of serum lactate testing in pediatric emergency department patients with system inflammatory response syndrome.
[4]. Zhoux et al retrospectively studied the relationship between blood lactate level and disease severity in 232 critically ill children .
[5]. Duke et al conducted a prospective study among 31 children admitted with sepsis . Their objective was to assess the markers of
perfusion which best discriminate survivors from non-survivors

Abstract: Introduction: Anemia is known to be a significant global problem affecting 305 million School Aged Children.1 Prevalance of anemia according to National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) reveals 70-80% in children.1 And developing countries, prevalence rates of 29.2% to 79.6% have been reported, with 13.6% in South East Asia. Estimation of prevalence of anemia is helpful only if they are associated with determination of causative factors that contribute to the development of anemia. Though anemia is an important public health problem, there are numerous countries which lack national prevalence data. Most survey includes mainly: preschool age children, non pregnant women of reproductive age and pregnant women.............

Keywords: Iron deficiency anaemia, ICDS centers, risk factors.

[1]. Addressing iron deficiency anaemia: 12 by 12 initiative. /en/ Section6 / Section324_1467.htm
[2]. Benoist B, McLean E, Cogswell M, Egli I, Wojdyla D. World-wide prevalence of anemia 1993-2005. WHO Global Database on
Anemia. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
[3]. Djokic D, Drakulovic MB, Radojicic Z, Crncevic Radovic L, et al. Risk factors associated with anemia among Serbian schoolage
children 7-14 years old: Results of the first national health survey. Hippokratia 2010;14:252-60.
[4]. Norma B. Lerner, Nelson textbook of Pediatrics: 16th edition: Saunders;2011: 1648- 1649.
[5]. S Mutthayya, P Thankachan, M B Zimmermann, M Andersson, et al. Low anemia Prevalence in school-aged children in Bangalore,
South India: Possible effect of School Health initiaives. E J Clin Nutr 2007, 61,865-869.69

Abstract: The dental anomaly is a very important predecessor for the development of malocclusion in the oral cavity, according to the recent evidences which showed an increased prevalence of at least one dental anomaly among patients with malocclusion. A total of 200 subjects in the age group of 12 to 20 years were selected randomly for the study. Malocclusion was assessed and classified based on Angle's classification of malocclusion. The dental anomalies that were assessed are agenesis, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, impaction, transposition, submerged teeth............

Keywords: Dental Anomaly, Ectopic Eruption, Malocclusion

[1]. Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary Orthodontics,4th edition, The Etiology Of Orthodontic Problems, Mosby
Elsevier 2007; 130.
[2]. Shafer, Hine, Levy. Shafers- Text book of Oral Pathology,7th edition, Developmental Disturbances of Oral and Para oral Structures,
Mosby Elsevier 2012; 39-59.
[3]. Uslu O, Akcam MO, Evirgen S, Cebeci L. Prevalance Of Dental Anomalies In Various Malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial
Orthop 2009; 135 ( 3): 328-325.
[4]. Nayar R, Kapoor P, Nayar AK, Singh H. Dental Anomalies, Various Arch Form and Different Malocclusion- Is There A
Correlation. Indian J Dent 2010; 3(1): 91-97.
[5]. Santhosh P, Bharati D, Sumita K, Farzan R. Prevalence Of Dental Anomalies In Indian Population. Journal of Clinical
Experimental Dentistry 2013; 5(4): 183-186.

Abstract: Objective: India is first to introduce family planning services, Government of India revised its policy in 2013 to permit trained nurses and midwives to insert postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices (PPIUCDs). To assess the acceptability and safety of Postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive Device insertion among women on bases of two key outcomes of PPIUCD insertions — expulsion and infection,who delivered at Rajkiya Mahila Chikitsalya J.L.N. Medical College and Hospital. Method: this is a prospective interventional analytical study. The postpartum family planning services offered are in the form of health education in group counseling session at the postnatal ward............

Keywords: Complications, Expulsion, Intra caesarean insertion, Post-partum contraception, postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices (PPIUCDs),

[1]. Park K. social and preventive medicine. 23 rd ed. Jabalpur: Banarsidas bhanot; 2015.
[2]. India at Glance - Population census 2011. Census organization of India, 2011.Available at: http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/indiaatglance. html. Accessed 21st July 2015.
[3]. Post-partum. IUCD reference manual. New Delhi: Family Planning Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; 2010.
[4]. Grimes D, Schulz K, Van Vliet H, Stanwood N. et al Immediate postpartum insertion of intrauterine devices (Cochrane Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(1):CD003036.
[5]. Sevki Celen, Perran Moroy et al Clinical outcomes of early postplacental insertion of intrauterine contraceptive devices, Contraception 69 (2004) 279–282.

Abstract: Polycythemia Vera is most common of chronic myeloproliferative disorders [1]. It occurs in about 2 per 100,000 persons, sparing no adult age group. Vertical transmission has been documented, establishing a genetic basis for the disorder. It is more common in males than in females, but females predominate within the reproductive age range. Herein, we describe a 45 yr old patient who presented with accelerated hypertension and pulmonary edema which was found to be secondary to polycythemia vera.

Keywords: Secondary hypertension, polycythemia vera

[1]. Alchalby H et al: Impact of JAK2V617F mutation status, allele burden, and clearance after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for myelofibrosis. Blood 116:3572, 2010[PMID: 20489052]
[2]. Cassinat B et al: Classification of myeloproliferative disorders in the JAK2 era: Is there a role for red cell mass? Leukemia 22:452, 2002
[3]. Jones AV et al: JAK2 haplotype is a major risk factor for the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Nat Genet 41:446, 2009[PMID: 19363185
[4]. Kiladjian JJ et al: Pegylated interferon-alfa-2a induces complete hematologic and molecular responses with low toxicity in polycythemia vera. Blood 112:3065, 2008[PMID: 18650451]
[5]. Spivak JL: Polycythemia vera: Myths, mechanisms, and management. Blood 100:4272, 2002[PMID: 12393615]

Abstract: Denture wearerusuallycareonly aboutthe denture hygiene and ignored the oral hygiene. The oral and denture hygiene can be maintainby using the combination of mouthwash and denture disinfections. Nowadays, microwave can be used as an alternative for denture disinfections and can be found in most household. Chlorhexidine has dual role, which are as the denture disinfectants and as the mouthwash. The aim of the study are to determine the influences of denture disinfectionsby using an 800 watts microwave in 3 minutes and 0,2% chlorhexidine solution in 5 minutes along with gargling using 0,2% chlorhexidine solution in 1 minute towards the amount of Candida albicans on the heat polimerization acrylic resin of the full denture wearer.........

Keywords: Acrylic resin, microwave, chlorhexidine, Candida albicans

[1]. Afrina L. Prevalensi Denture Stomatitis Yang Disebabkan Kandida Albikans Pada Pasien Gigitiruan Penuh Rahang Atas Di Klinik
Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Sumatera Utara.Skripsi; 2007.
[2]. KhindriaSK. Evolution of Denture Base Material.J Indian Prost Soc. 2009 Aug;9(2):64-9.
[3]. Pattanaik S, Vikas BVJ, Pattanaik B, Sahu S, Lodam S. Denture Stomatitis: Literature Review.J of Indian Academy of Oral
Medicine and Radiology. 2010 Jul;22(3):136-40.
[4]. Neppelenbroek KH, Pavarina AC, Spolidorio DMP, Massucato EMS, Spolidorio LC,& Vergani CE.Effectiveness of Microwave
Disinfection of Complete Dentures on The Treatment of Candida Related Denture stomatitis.J Oral Rehab 2008;35: 836-46.
[5]. Cenci TP, Delbelcury AA, Crielard W, & Tencale JM. Development of Candida-Associated Denture Stomatitis: New Insights.J
Appl Oral Sci. 2008 Feb;16(2):86-94.

Abstract: Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCT-TS) is a slowly progressing benign tumor arising from synovial cells of tendon sheaths.They occur more in the upper limb than the lower limb.Giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath (GCT-TS) has been described as the most common tumour following ganglion cysts.We hereby, report two cases of GCT-TS, one over the right middle finger in a 23 year old male patient, other over the lateral aspect of right foot and ankle in a 48-year-old female.Radiographs shows soft tissue globular swelling .No evidence of soft tissue calcification is seen. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath.

Keywords: Giant cell tumor1, tendon sheath, hand1, 2, foot& ankle

[1]. Garg B, kotwal PP. Giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath of the hand.J Orthop surg (Hong Kong). Aug 2011;19(2): 218-20
[2]. Suresh SS Zaki H. Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath: case series and review of literature. J Hand Microsurg. Dec 2010;2(2):6771 [3]. Gibbons CLMH- Khwaja HA-Cole AS-Cooke PH- Athanasou NA. Giant-cell tumour of the tendon sheath in the foot and ankle. JBJS-B 2002; 84-B (7):1000-1003. [4]. Ly JQ, Carlson CL, LaGatta LM, Beall DP. Giant cell tumor of the peroneus tendon sheath. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003; 180:1442. PMID:12704065
[5]. Karasick D and Karasick S. Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath: spectrum of radiologic findings. Skeletal Radiol 1992; 21(4):219–224

Abstract: Goldenhar syndrome is a birth defect resulting from the maldevelopment of the first two branchial arches with incomplete development of the ear, nose, soft palate, lip and mandible. The phenotype is highly variable. Goldenhar syndrome is one of the variants of craniofacial anomalies. It is unilateral in 70-80% of the cases. It is known as oculoauriculo vertebral (OAV) dysplasia. The syndrome complex includes limbaldermoid or lipodermoid, pre-auricular tags, hemifacial asymmetry and vertebral anomalies. These are the common anomalies of the condition.This work reports a case 14 year old male in ophthalmology department of MMIMSR who presented with limbaldermoid and on evaluation was found to have the classical signs of this syndrome. Also included is the current protocol for treatment of this syndrome.

Keywords: Goldenhar syndrome, limbaldermoid, epibulbardermoid

[1]. Jack J Kanaski, Clinical Ophthalmology, 5th edition, Butterworth's London, 2005: Page 92, 607.
[2]. Vinay C, Reddy RS, Uloopi KS, Madhuri V, Sekhar RC (2009) Chandra Craniofacial features in Goldenhar syndrome. J Indian
SocPedod Prevent Dent 27: 121-124.
[3]. Mahore A, Dange N, Nama S, Goel A (2010) Facio-auriculo-vertebro-cephalic spectrum of Goldenhar syndrome. Neurol India 58:
141-144.
[4]. Basic AAO and clinical science course, 2003-2004, Section- 6, Page 391-92
[5]. Bayraktar S, Bayraktar ST, Ataoglu E, Ayaz A, Elveli M. Goldenhar's syndrome associated with multiple congenital abnormalities.
J Trop Pediatric. 2005; 51(6):377-9.

Abstract: Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) considersHypertension (HT) as one of the most important causes of premature death worldwide.It is directly responsible for 57% of all deaths due to stroke and 24% of all deaths due to coronary heart disease deaths in India. Recent studies conducted on Indian population have shown that the prevalence of hypertension in urban areas is 25%,whereas, it is 10% in rural areas.1 According to the statistics of the WHO, homoeopathy is the second most useful health care system in the world. However, a meta-analysis in 2005 concluded that the clinical effects of homoeopathy are nothing but placebo effects.2Although a conflicting conclusion was arrived at earlier in 1997 by another meta-analysis...........

Keywords: CI - Confidence Interval, Diastolic blood pressure,Essential hypertension, Homoeopathy, Placebo,Randomized controlled trial, Systolic blood pressure

[1] Hypertension [ Internet]. [Updated 2015 September 22 ; cited on 2015 September 29]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension
[2] Shang A1, Huwiler-Müntener K, Nartey L, Jüni P, Dörig S, Sterne JA, Pewsner D, Egger M. Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy and allopathy. Lancet.[ Internet]. 2005 Aug 27-Sep 2; 366(9487):726-32. [cited on 2015 September 29]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16125589
[3] Linde K1, Clausius N, Ramirez G, Melchart D, Eitel F, Hedges LV, Jonas WB. Are the clinical effects of homeopathy placebo effects? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Lancet. [Internet]. 1997 Sep 20;350(9081):834-43. [cited on 2015 September 29]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9310601.
[4] Hahnemann Samuel. Organon of Medicine. Fifth &Sixth Edition (Eighth Indian Edition). Calcutta: M. Bhattacharya& Co.(P)Ltd. 1984.
[5] Kent James Tylor. Lectures on Homoeopathic Philosophy. New Delhi: B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd. 1993

Abstract: Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue viruses (DENV) are both present individually in West Bengal and infection caused by both simultaneously has been recorded since 1965. Objectives: In 2011, a study was carried out to detect co-infection due to both the viruses from 671 blood samples collected from febrile patients attending OPDs and in-patient departments of different tertiary care hospitals of Kolkata and different district hospitals of West Bengal from March 2011-November 2011. The samples were tested for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody against both CHIKV and DENV by the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).............

Keywords: Chikungunya, Dengue, ELISA, IgM serology

[1]. Shah KV, Gibbs CJ, Jr, Banerjee G. Virological investigation of the epidemic of hemorrhagic fever in Calcutta: isolation of three
strains of Chikungunya virus. Indian J Med Res. 1964; 52:676–683.
[2]. Gubler DJ Dengue. In: monath tp, editor. the arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology. vol. ii. boca raton (fl): crc press; 1988. p.
223–260.
[3]. Hati AK. Dengue serosurveillance in Kolkata, facing an epidemic in West Bengal, India. J Vector Borne Dis. 2009; 46:197–204.
[4]. Myers RM, Carey DE. Concurrent isolation from patient of two arboviruses, Chikungunya and dengue type 2. Science. 1967;
157:1307–1308.
[5]. Halstead SB, Nimmannitya S, Margiotta MR. Dengue and Chikungunya virus infections in man in Thailand, 1962–1964. Am J
Trop Med Hyg. 1967; 18:972–983.

Abstract: Background and Objectives: Opportunistic parasitic infections are one of the most serious infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of these coccidian enteric parasites in HIV-positive patients and evaluate their association with their CD4 (CD4+ T lymphocyte) counts. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 100 HIV-positive patients presenting with diarrhoea and 100 HIV-positive patients without diarrhoea (control) attending the integrated counselling and testing centre (ICTC) of Burdwan Medical College & Hospital..........

Keywords: Diarrhoea, CD4+ T-cell counts, Coccidian parasites, HIV

[1]. Wiwanitkit V. Intestinal parasitic infections in Thai HIV-infected patients with different immunity status. BMC Gastroenterol
2001;1:3.
[2]. Janoff EN, Smith PD. Perspectives on gastrointestinal infections in AIDS. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1988; 17:451-63
[3]. Framm SR, Soave R. Agents of diarrhoea. Med Clin North Am 1997; 81:427-47.
[4]. Mitra AK, Hernandez CD, Hernandez CA, Siddiq Z. Management of diarrhoea in HIV-infected patients. Int J STD AIDS 2001;
12:630-9.
[5]. Talib VH, Khurana SK, Pandey J, Verma SK. Current concepts: Tuberculosis and HIV infection. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 1993;
36:503-11.

Abstract: Background: Kidneys are retroperitoneal organs normally supplied by the paired renal arteries.. Living donor renal transplantation, as opposed to cadaveric donation, is the best opinion for the recipient and graft survival. The need for kidney transplantation has undergone exponential growth over the past 40 years, and cadaveric donations are inadequate to meet this ever-increasing demand. These factors have led to a continued increase in the organ donation from living related donors..........

Keywords: Living donor, Multidetector computed tomography, Renal artery, Variations, Embryology, Anatomy.

[1]. Khamanarong K, Prachaney P, Utraravichien A, Tong-un T, Sripaoraya K (2004) Anatomy of renal arterial supply. Clin Anat
17:334–336.
[2]. Hänninen EL, Denecke T, Stelter L,Pech M, Podrabsky P, Pratschke J et al (2005) Preoperative evaluation of living kidney donors
using multirow detector computed tomography: comprasion with digital substraction angiography and intraoperative findings.
Transpl Int 18:1134–1141
[3]. Rastogi N, Sahani DV, Blake MA, KoDC, Mueller PR (2006) Evaluation of living renal donors: accuracy of three-dimensional 16-
section CT. Radiology 240:137–144
[4]. Raman SS, Pojchamarnwiputh S,Muangsomboon K, Schulam PG,Gritsch HA, Lu DSK (2007) Surgically relevant normal and
variant renal parenchymal and vascular anatomy in preoperative 16-MDCT evaluation of potential laparoscopic renal donors.AJR
Am J Roentgenol 188:105–114
[5]. Rydberg J, Liang Y, Teague SD (2003) Fundamentals of multichannel CT. Radiol Clin North Am 41:465–474

Abstract: Background :- Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in India and other developing countries. Extrapulmonary TB represents a greater diagnostic problem than pulmonary TB because it presents with less frequency and occurs with little liberation of bacilli, as well as the fact that it is localized in sites that are difficult to access. Aims of study:- 1.To find out positivity of acid fast bacilli in aspiration smears of lymph nodes and other suspected tubercular lesions by Ziehl Neelson method and fluorescence method. 2. To evaluate the accuracy of fluorescent staining in the detection of Acid Fast Bacilli...........

Keywords: AFB ,ZN staining , Fluorescent microscopy and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.

[1]. Global tuberculosis report 2013. World Health Organization.1-145..
[2]. Rosenblatt MB. Pulmonary tuberculosis: evolution of modern therapy. Bull N Y Acad Med 1973 Mar;49(3):163-96.
[3]. Garcia-Elorriaga G, Gracida-Osorno C, Carillo-Monster G, Gonzalez-Bonilla C. Clinical usefulness of the nested polymerase chain
reaction in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Salud Publica Mex 2009; 51:240-245.
[4]. Narayana Reddy RA, Narayana SM, Shariff S. Role of fine-needle aspiration cytology and fluid cytology in extra-pulmonary
tuberculosis. Diagn Cytopathol 2013 May;41(5):392-8.
[5]. Arora B, Arora DR. Fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Indian J Med Res 1990 May;91:189- 92.

Abstract: Aim: To find out the effect of threatened miscarriage on pregnancy outcome. Objectives: To find out the percentage of pregnant women with first trimester bleeding per vaginum which end up in first trimester miscarriage,second trimester miscarriage,preterm labour and full term labour. Materials And Methods: A prospective study was carried out at Coimbatore Medical College Hospital ,Coimbatore.Pregnant women admitted in labour ward with bleeding per vaginum during first trimester were taken up for study.150 patients were taken up for study during the period of one year from January 2015 to January 2016.A structured proforma was used to collect information and followed till their pregnancy terminated.........

Keywords: .......................

[1]. Ittels KA, Pelletier AJ, Brown DF, Camargo CA., Jr United States emergency department visits for vaginal bleeding during early
pregnancy, 1993-2003. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198:523.e1–6. [PubMed]
[2]. Calleja-Agius J. Vaginal bleeding in the first trimester. Br J Midwifery. 2008;16:656–61.
[3]. Poulose T, Richardson R, Ewings P, Fox R. Probability of early pregnancy loss in women with vaginal bleeding and a singleton live
fetus at ultrasound scan. J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;26:782–4. [PubMed]
[4]. Schauberger CW, Mathiason MA, Rooney BL. Ultrasound assessment of first-trimester bleeding. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105:333–
[PubMed]
[5]. Fleischer AC, Andreotti RF, Bohm-Velez M, Fishman EK, Horrow MM, Hricak H. American College of Radiology (ACR)
Appropriateness Criteria; 2007. First trimester bleeding; p. 5. Available from:www.acr.org.

Abstract: Demand for electricity generation increasing gradually with the advancing of civilization. InIndia 75% of the total power obtained is from coal-based thermal power plant. In India ash content in the coal used for power generation is 30-40%.Thus power generation from coal results in emission of a variety of pollutants including fly ash. Annually 65 million tons of fly ash is generated as waste product in India and causes serious air pollution. Children are more susceptible to it. Therefore this study was planned to assess the pulmonary health status of primary school children aged 6-9 years living in the vicinity of thermal power plant. Subjects were divided into two groups: control (living within 5km radius from power plant) and control (living more than 25km away from power plant) group..........

Keywords: Spirometry, thermal power plant, asthma, respiratory health, coal, children

[1]. IEA 2008. World energy outlook. International Energy Agency. Senapati MR. Fly ash from thermal power plants-waste
management and overview. Current Sci. 2011; 100(12): 1791.
[2]. Task Group on Lung Dynamics (TGLD). Deposition and retention models for internal dosimetry of the human respiratory tract.
Health Phys. 1966; 12: 173-207.
[3]. Lippmann M, Yeates DB, Albert RE. Deposition, retention and clearance of inhaled particles. Br J Ind Med. 1980; 37: 337-362.
[4]. Dye JA, Adler KB, Richards JD. Role of soluble metals in oil fly ash-induced airway epithelial injury and cytokinegene expression.
Am J Physiol. 1999; 277: L498-L510.
[5]. Osornio-Vargas AR, Bonner JC, Alfero-Mereno E et al. Proinflammatory and cytoxic effects of Mexico City air
Pollutionparticulatematterin vitro are dependent on particle size and composition. Environ Health Perspect.2003; 111: 1289-1293

Abstract: Introduction: In human heart, right atrio-ventricular orifice is guarded by tricuspid valve, which lies at the junction of right atrium and right ventricle of the heart controlling and directing unidirectional blood flow during ventricular diastole. Irreparable damage to tricuspid valve calls for its replacement using prosthetic valves. Prosthesis of these synthetic valves need detail knowledge of tricuspid orifice. In present study an attempt was made to study the dimensions of tricuspid orifice..........

Keywords: Tricuspid valve, right ventricle, human heart, circumference, diameters

[1]. Susan Standing, Gray's Anatomy, The Anatomical Basis of Medicine and surgery 39th Edition, 2005; Elsivier Churchill
Livingstone, P 1003-1004.
[2]. Steding G., Seidl W. (1993) Cardio-vaskuläres System. In: Hinrichsen K.V.: Human embryologie. Springer-Verlag, Berlin,
Heidelberg. Pp. 205-294.
[3]. Anderson RH, Benson R, Wilcox MD (2000) Reply. Ann Thorac Surg, 69: 1990
[4]. 4)Lamers WH, Virágh S, Wessels A, Moorman AFM,Anderson RH (1995) Formation of the tricuspid valve in the human heart.
Circulation 91, 111–121
[5]. Szostakiewicz-Sawicka H, Grzybiak M (1981) Zgodność rozwoju osobniczego niektórych cech budowy serca z przypuszczalnym
kierunkiem ich rozwoju w antropogenezie. Morfologia, podręczniki, skrypty AWF. Seria: Monografie, 199: 9–16.

Abstract: The term leukemia was first coined by Virchow in 1847 and later he distinguished two forms of leukemias, on in which splenomegaly predominates and another in which lymphadenopathy is most prominent. Leukemia is a morbid condition of unknown etiology and fatal termination which is characterized by widespread proliferation of leukocytes and their precursors in the tissues of body and usually associated with qualitative and quantitative changes in circulating white cells of the blood. The high incidence of AML is seen in adults, accounting for almost 80% of acute leukemia in adults and only 20% of acute leukemias in children [1] In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the median age is about seventy years [2] the majority of studies have found great occurrence of AML in males, constituting a male to female ratio of 2.5:1[3]. In 2013

[1]. American Cancer Society : Cancer Facts and Figures (2016) Atlanta, Ga : American Cancer Society.
[2]. Ossenkoppele G, Lowenberg B (2015) How I treat the older patient with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 125 : 764-774.
[3]. Belson M, Kingsley B, Holmes A (2007) Risk factors for acute leukemia in children : A review. Environmental Health Perspectives
115: 138 -145.
[4]. American Cancer Society : Cancer Facts and Figures (2013) Atlanta, Ga : American Cancer Society.
[5]. His ED (2012) Pathologic and molecular genetic features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Seminares in Oncolog 39: 74-79.

Abstract: Introduction: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured knee ligament, accounting for about 50% of all knee ligament injuries. The principle function of the ACL is to limit anterior translation of the tibia on the femur. Patients with a lesion of the ACL are characterized by difficulty with athletic performance and giving way symptoms in daily life activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the short-term functional and clinical outcomes after anatomic ACL reconstruction by single bundle technique with the help of Lysholm scoring system and to assess the validity of the functional test (one leg hop test...........

Keywords: ACL, ACL Reconstruction, hamstring graft, Lysholm score, satisfaction, single leg hop

[1]. Bollen S . Ligament injuries of the knee—limping forward? Br J Sports Med. 1998 Mar;32(1):82-4.
[2]. Mohammadi F, Salavati M, Akhbari B, Mazaheri M, Mohsen Mir S, Etemadi Y. Comparison of functional outcome measures after
ACL reconstruction in competitive soccer players: a randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95:1271–7.
[3]. Andersson D, Samuelsson K, Karlsson J. Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries with special reference to surgical
technique and rehabilitation: an assessment of randomized controlled trials. Arthroscopy. 2009;25(6):653–685
[4]. Corry IS, Webb JM, Clingeleffer a J, Pinczewski L a. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. A comparison
of patellar tendon autograft and four-strand hamstring tendon autograft. Am J Sports Med 1999;27(3):444–54.
[5]. Ibrahim SA-R, Al-Kussary IM, Al-Misfer ARK, Al-Mutairi HQ, Ghafar SA, El Noor TA. Clinical evaluation of arthroscopically
assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: patellar tendon versus gracilis and semitendinosus autograft. Arthroscopy.
2005;21(4):412–7

Abstract: Introduction : Obesity can be seen as the first wave of a defined cluster of non-communicable diseases has reached epidemic proportion in developed and developing nations. Aims And Objectives: To find out the risk factors and complications associated with Obesity among adults population of Namkum block in Ranchi District. Material And Methods : Cross-sectional community based .Study period was September 2013 to December 2015. Statistical Analysis: Data was entered into Microsoft excel sheet(2007 version) and analyzed using SPSS version 20..........

Keywords: Obesity, Obesity Risk Factors

[1]. Pednekar MS. Association of body mass index with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: Findings from a prospective cohort
study in Mumbai (Bombay), India. Int J Epidemiol 2008;37:524-35.
[2]. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: the evidence report. National
Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in cooperation with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. URL
available from: www. nhlbi. nih. gov/ guidelines /obesity/e_txtbk. accessed on 25.07.2012. 18.10
[3]. Jensen GL, Friedmann JM. Obesity is associated with functional decline in community-dwelling rural older persons. J Am Geriatr
Soc. 2002;50:918 –23.
[4]. Chen H, Bermudez OI, Tucker KL. Waist circumference and weight change are associated with disability among Elderly Hispanics.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2002;57:M19–25.
[5]. Prentice AM, Jebb SA. Beyond body mass index. Obes Rev 2001;2(3):141-47.

Abstract: Introduction: Foramen magnum plays an important role as a landmark in the region of skull and spine because it transmits key structures like the lower end of the medulla oblongata, meninges, vertebral arteries and the spinal accessory nerve. Aims and objectives: Our aim was to provide basic osteometric data of anteroposterior and transverse diameters of foramen magnum and to observe its different shapes. Materials and methods: Thirty Four (34) adult human skulls of unknown sex were obtained from Department of Anatomy, RIMS, Ranchi. Foramen magnum diameters were calculated using sliding vernier calipers and shapes were visually assessed...........

Keywords: Foramen magnum, skull, morphometry, shape , variation.

[1]. Mc Graw Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine (2002): Mc Graw HillCompanies Inc.
[2]. Avci E, Kara E, Ozturk N C, Uluc K: Anatomical variation of the foramen magnum, occipital condyle and jugular tubercle. Turkish
Neurosurgery, 2011;2(2): 181-90.
[3]. Luboga SA, Wood BA: Position and orientation of foramen magnum in higher primates. American Journal of Physical
Antvropology, 1990;81: 67-76
[4]. Kimbel WH, Rak Y: The cranial base of Australopithecus afarensis: new insights from the female skull. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B,
2010; 365: 3365-76.
[5]. Sgouros S, Goldin HJ, Hockely AD, Wake MJ, et al.Intracranial volume change in childhood. JNeurosurg 1999;91:610-616.

Abstract: Background And Aims: Brachial plexus block is the cornerstone of regional anaesthesia practice. Various adjuncts have been used as adjuvants to ropivacaine in the past. This study was done to see the effect on duration of analgesia using dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to ropivacaine 0.5% in supraclavicular brachial plexus block (SBPB). Method: A total of eighty patients undergoing elective upper limb surgeries under SBPB were enrolled for study. The patients were divided into two groups of 40 patients each and given 29 ml ropivacaine 0.5% alone (gp R) or 29 ml ropivacaine 0.5% along with dexmedetomidine 100μg(gp D)..........

Keywords: Supraclavicular block, dexmedetomidine, ropivacaine

[1]. Sng, B. L., & Schug, S. A. The role of opioids in managing chronic non-cancer pain. Ann Acad Med Singapore,2009. 38(11), 960- 6.
[2]. Suchdev PK. Pathophysiology of Pain. In: Warfield CA, Fausett HJ. Manual of Pain Management: 2nd edition. Philadelphia:
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2002. 6-12.
[3]. Kulenkampff D, Persy MA. Brachial plexus anesthesia: its indications, technique and dangers. Ann Surg 1928; 87:883-91.
[4]. Lanz E, Theiss D, Jankovic D. The extent of blockade following various techniques of brachial plexus block. AnesthAnalg
1983;62:55–8.
[5]. Halstead C. Great moments in the history of anaesthesiology. In: A Practice of Anesthesia. 7th ed. London, UK: Lioyd- Luke;2003.5.

Abstract: Introduction: Several studies point out that dental products, such as fluoride varnishes, are able to promote remineralization and to control the development of the carious process. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of fluoropolymers varnishes used for prophylaxis and non-invasive treatment of initial caries d1, d2 in children 4 to 6 years. Material and Methods: Non-invasive treatment of lesions d1a, d1b and d2. After processing results and highlights of the actual study was conducted by the data processing package for mathematical and statistical analysis SPSS v 20.0..........

Keywords: Remineralization, caries lesion, mineralization varnish

[1]. Featherstone JD. Prevention and reversal of dental caries: role of low level fluoride. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1999; 27(1): 31-40.
[2]. Schmit JL, Staley RN, Wefel JS, Kanellis M, Jakobsen JR, Keenan PJ. Effect of fluoride varnish on demineralization adjacent to brakets bonded with RMGI cement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002; 122: 125-130.
[3]. Yiu CKY, King MN. An overview of dental caries-preventive approaches for children. Hong Kong Dent. J. 2011; 26(8): 29-39.