iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2018

Abstract: motility of the gastric smooth muscle is an intricate process influenced by a variety of endogenous biochemical modulators, including meal content, hormones, nerves, muscles, and functional resistance of the duodenum. Therefore, the present manuscript focuses to review the techniques employed to measure gastric motility. The contrivances used include the following; scintigraphy, positron emission tomography, single positron emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, stable isotope breath test, absorption kinetics of pharmaceutics and epigastric impedance. In conclusion, the breakthrough in biomedical engineering has revealed considerable details on gastric smooth properties that improve understanding of many unresolved or vague issues and has increased knowledge of pathophysiology of number gastric disorders..

Keywords: Advances, Measurement, Gastric, Motility, review

[1]. Poscente MD, Gwang DF, Ninova P, Pecht Y, Andrew CN, Mintcher MP. Gastric Emptying, Food Transit, Intragastric Pressure.
Physiological Measurements. 2014; 35: 217-29. doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/2/217.
[2]. Stevens JA. Studies of Gastric Motility in Health and Disease. A ThesisSubmitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University
of Adelaide. 2009; https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream
[3]. Kim JW. Contribution of Gut Microbes to Gastrointestinal MotilityDisorders. Practical Gastroenterology. 2007;31:51–60.
[4]. Jung IS, Kim J, Lee HY, Lee, SI. Endoscopic Evaluation of Gastric Emptying and Effect of Mosapride Citrate on Gastric Emptying.
Yonsei Med J. 2012; 51: 33–38.
[5]. Quini CC, Americo MF, Cora LA, Cabresi MFF, Alvarez M, Oliveira RB, Mirando JA. Employment of Non-invasive Magnetic
Method for Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Transit in Rats. Journal of Biological Engineering. 2012;
6:http://www.jbioleng.org/content/6/1/6..

Abstract: Background: Dyslipidemia is a common metabolic complication occurring in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Studies suggest that insulin resistance is associated with dyslipidemia. Metformin is an insulin sensitizing agent commonly used in the management of PCOS. In the present study we assessed the effect of metformin on insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in PCOS women. Methods: Thirty PCOS women of 18-30 years who fulfilled the Rotterdam criteria were treated with metformin (1000mg/day) for 3 months. Fasting Plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and Lipid profile were measured at the baseline and after 3 months of treatment. Results: Three months of metformin treatment significantly reduced fasting insulin levels, HOMA-IR value and also improved lipid profile in pcos women..........

Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome, HOMA-IR, Lipid

[1]. Catherine G. Baptiste, Marie-Claude Battista, Andréanne Trottier, and Jean-Patrice. Baillargeon *. Insulin and hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Oct; 122(0): 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.12.010.
[2]. Apridonidze T, Essah PA, Iuorno MJ, Nestler JE 2005. Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:1929 –1935.
[3]. Pirwany IR Fleming R Greer IA Packard CJ Sattar N. Lipids and lipoprotein subfractions in women with PCOS: relationship to metabolic and endocrine parameters, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf, 2001 , vol.54 (pg.447-453)).
[4]. Kim JJ1, Choi YM. Dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2013 May;56(3):137-42.
[5]. Emre Seli, Antoni J. Duleba. Treatment of PCOS with metformin and other Insulin-sensitizing agents. Current Diabetes Reports. February 2004, Volume 4, Issue 1, pp 69–75..

Abstract: Anacardiumoccidentale (Cashew) is a plant native to Brazil, but is cultivated in tropical regions worldwide. It was imported to India by Portuguese. According to the FAO, India is one of the top five producers of cashew in the world. Antibacterial, antidiarrheal, anti-ulcerogenic, wound healing, anticancer and antioxidant activities of extracts and phytochemical derivatives from Anacardiumoccidentale have been reported by different authors. In this study we evaluated that anti-inflammatory activity of Anacardium occidentale seed extract "In vitro" using HRBC membrane stabilization method and Protein denaturation using egg albumin method. The EEAOS (EthanolicExtract of AnacardiumoccidentaleSeed)extractshowed dose dependent percentage inhibition of HRBC......

Keywords: Anacardiumoccidentale seed extract, HRBC membrane stabilization method, Protein denaturation using egg albumin method.

[1]. Ammendola G, Di Rosa M, Sorrentino L. Leucocyte migration and lysosomal enzymes release in rat carrageenin pleurisy. Agents Actions. 1975 Aug;5(3):250-5.
[2]. Poetker DM, Reh DD. A comprehensive review of the adverse effects of systemic corticosteroids. OtolaryngolClin North Am. 2010 Aug;43(4):753-68.
[3]. Sostres C, Gargallo CJ, Arroyo MT, Lanas A. Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, aspirin and coxibs) on upper gastrointestinal tract. Best Pract Res ClinGastroenterol. 2010 Apr;24(2):121-32.
[4]. Mota, M.L.R.; Thomas, G.; Barbosa Filho, J.M. Anti-inflamatory actions of tannins isolated from the bark of Anacardiumoccidentale L. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1985, 13, 289–300. [5]. Pawar SP, Sathwane PN, Metkar BR, Pal S., Kasture VS, Kasture SB. Anti – Inflammatory and analgesic Activity of AnacardiumOccidentale Leaf Extracts. Ancient Science of Life. 2000;19(3-4):169-173.

Abstract: Surgical site infections(SSI) are one of the most common yet one of the most troublesome complication following any surgical procedure.In this study an effort has been made to study the incidence, risk factors and microbiological pattern of SSIs in one of the major hospitals of north east india.200 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in this 2 year study.Patients were followed up for a period of 30 days to look for any signs of SSIs. Those who developed SSIs were further evaluated for the risk factors, microbiological pattern and consequences. All the results were discussed in detail . Literatures for the same type of study in an Indian setting that too in rural part of India are only a few which add on to the significance of this study..

Keywords: Incidence, Microbiological pattern, North east India, Risk factors, Surgical site infections

[1]. Leaper DJ. Surgical infection. In: Williams NS, Bulstrode CJK, O'Connell PR, editors. Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery. 26th ed.(London: Hodder Arnold; 2008. p. 50-67).
[2]. Barie PS. Surgical infections and antibiotic use. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, editors. Sabiston textbook of surgery- the biological basis of modern surgical practice. 19th ed. (Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2013. p. 240-80).
[3]. Beilman GJ, Dunn DL. Surgical Infections. In: Brunicardi FC, Anderson DK, Billiar TR, Dunn DL, Hunter JG, Matthews JB, Pollock RE, editors. Schwartz's Principles of Surgery. 10th ed. (New York: Mc Graw Hill; 2015. p. 135-60).
[4]. Scott JD, Forrest A, Feuerstein S, Fitzpatrick P, Schentag JJ. Factors associated with postoperative infection. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 2001 Jun;22(6):347-51...

Abstract: A patient of diabetes mellitus is exposed to a number of complications of which Diabetic foot is a common condition. The surgeon is usually facing the problem of "Life and Leg". With proper understanding of the disease and the new concepts in the management of Diabetic foot, it has been possible to save many limbs and lives.The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Nano crystalline silver dressings in the management of diabetic foot ulcer. A prospective study of 54 cases of Diabetic foot ulcers belonging to Wagner's Grades 1 and 2, admitted and treated (from Sept 2015 to Sept 2017) in Siddhartha Medical College / Government General Hospital, Vijayawada, AP, India was done. They were randomly sorted into 2 groups and comparative study was done between.........

Keywords: Diabetic foot, Nanosilver dressings, Wagner's grading, Nano crystalline technology

[1]. Park's textbook of Preventive and social medicine 22nd edition page no 362-365
[2]. Morgan CL, Currie CJ, Stott NC, Smithers M, ButlerCC, Peters JR. The prevalence of multiple diabetes-relatedcomplications. Diabet Med 2000; 17: 146–151
[3]. Trautner C, Haastert B, Giani G, Berger M. Incidence of lower limb amputations and diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1996;19(9):1006–9. doi: 10.2337/diacare.19.9.1006.
[4]. Hoffman S. Silver sulfadiazine: an antibacterial agent for topical use in burns. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surgery. 1984;18:119–26.
[5]. Treece KA, Macfarlane RM, Pound N, Game FL, Jeffcoate WJ et.al, Validation of a system of foot ulcer classification in diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med. 2004 Sep;21(9):987-91..

Abstract: Pancytopenia is decrease in erythrocytes , total leucocytes and thrombocytes and it is a striking manifestation of many life threatening illness. The present study was done for a period of two years to know the incidence of age, sex and various causes of pancytopenia. Total 52 cases were studied with male prepondarence and youngest was 1 ½ year child and oldest 72 years. The commenest cause for pancytopenia was aplastic anaemia followed by megaloblastic anaemia. Whenerver the bone marrow comes as a dry tap trephine biopsy was conclusive for diagnosis.

Keywords: Pancytopenia , bone marrow aspiration , trephine biopsy , aplastic anaemia , megaloblastic anaemia.

[1]. Shadduck RK, Aplastic anemia In : Williams Hematology 5th Edition Buetler , Lichtman MA , Coller BS , Kipps TJ.Eds; New york: Mc.Graw Hill 1995; 238-51
[2]. Biopsy Pathology of Bone Marrow B. Frisch et al., Raven Press 185.
[3]. Bone Marrow Biopsy , Jhon Krause CHURCHILL Living Stone 1981
[4]. Jamshidi K, Swaim WR Bone marrow Biopsy with unlatered architecture ; a new biopsy device J.Lab . Clin .Med1971;77 335-42
[5]. Islam A. A new Bone marrow biopsy needle with core securing device J. Lab . Clin . Patyhol ; 1982 35 ; 359 -64..

Abstract: Plain radiography is the important initial radiological method in diagnosing bronchogenic carcinomas. Though solitary pulmonary opacity is the most common radiographic abnormality, many other significant findings are described in detecting lung cancers. In the present study we evaluated retrospectively the main radiological abnormality at initial presentation in 64 biopsy proven cases of bronchogenic carcinomas that are treated in our hospital.

Keywords: Bronchogenic carcinoma-plain radiographs-solitary pulmonary opacity

[1]. Nilendu C Purandare and Venkatesh Rangarajan Imaging of lung cancer : implications on staging and management Indian J Radiol 2015 apr-jun; 25(2): 109-120
[2]. Goldstraw P, Crowley J, Chansky K, Giroux DJ, Groome PA, Rami-Porta R, et al. The IASLC lung cancer staging project: Proposals for the revision of the TNM stage groupings in the forthcoming (seventh) edition of the TNM classification of malignant tumours. J ThoracOncol 2007;2:706-14.
[3]. Sat Sharma , chief editor, KavithaGarg Imaging in non small cell lung cancer emedicine-medscape. Com/article/358433-overview aug18, 2015.
[4]. O' Donovan PB The radiologic appearance of lung cancer Oncology 1997 sep; 11(9): 1387-402.... [5]. Mylene T. Truong,MD JaneP.Ko,MDSantiagoE.Rossi, MD Ignacio Rossi,MDChitra Viswanathan, MDJohn F. Bruzzi,MBBCh Edith M.Marom, MD Jeremy J.Erasmus MD.Update in the evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule Radiographics 2014; 34: 1658-1679.

Abstract: Microsurgery in general is not an independent discipline, but a technique that can be applied to different surgical disciplines. First report on microsurgery is around 19 th century when the microscope is used in ophthalmology. Now, the microsurgery has laid its hands in the field of periodontics as it involves precise surgical procedures. This review deals with basics of periodontal plastic surgery including instruments involved in microsurgery, knot trying, clinical applications and microsurgical effects on aesthetics.

Keywords: Magnification loupes, microsurgery, mucogingival surgery, periodontal plastic surgery, surgical microscope

[1]. Michael Patkin : 1977 : Ergonomics applied to the practice of microsurgery ; Aust. N.Z. Surg, vol 47(3),1977.
[2]. Dental clinics of North America, vol 42; no 2 : 1998
[3]. BarraquerJ : 1980 ; The History Of The Microsurgery In Ocular Surgery. J.Microsurg 1980, 1: 292
[4]. Dennis A Shanelac : 2003 : Periodontal microsurgery ; J EsthetRestor Dent 15.
[5]. Akira Mitsuhashi, Noriko Mutoh, Tetsuya Hirata : 2009 : Precision treatment with the dental operating microscope: analysis of microleakage and marginal adaptation ; Int J Microdent 2009;1:56-60..

Abstract: Tooth avulsion is a complex traumatic injury characterized by complete displacement of a tooth from its socket in alveolar bone owing to trauma. The treatment for permanent tooth avulsion includes immediate replantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of dental clinicians in Srinagar, India regarding the management of avulsed teeth Methodology: A total of 100 general dental practioners were selected from various private dental clinics in Srinagar city and were questioned using a 11 item questionnaire about dental traumatology. The questions included general knowledge about tooth avulsion, replantation of primary and permanent teeth, treatment procedure before replantation, extra-oral time and storage media for an avulsed tooth and results were tabulated. Statistical analysis was done using IBM............

Keywords:Tooth avulsion, Knowledge, Dental practioners.

[1]. Pugliesi DMC, Cunha RF, Delbem ACB, Sundefeld MLMM. Influence of the type of dental trauma on the pulp vitality and the time elapsed until treatment: a study in patients aged 0– 3 years. Dent Traumatol 2004;20:139–42.
[2]. Arenas M, Barberı´a E, Lucavechi T, Maroto M. Severe trauma in the primary dentition – diagnosis and treatment of sequelae in permanent dentition. Dent Traumatol 2006;22:226–30.
[3]. Forsberg CM, Tedestam G. Etiological and predisposing factors related to traumatic injuries to permanent teeth. Swed Dent J 1993;17:183-190.
[4]. Da Silva AC, Passeri LA, Mazzonetto R, De Moraes M, Moreira RW. Incidence of dental trauma associated with facial trauma in Brazil: A 1-year evaluation. Dent Traumatol 2004;20:6-11.
[5]. Cortes MI, Marcenes W, Sheiham A. Prevalence and correlates of traumatic dental injuries to the teeth of school children aged 9-14 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Dent Traumatol 2000;17:22-6.

Abstract: Vaginal cysts are common in day to dayclinical practice butbeingasymptomatic they rarely being reported.Mesonephriccysts are vestigial remnants of the Wolffianduct in female patients. Whilemost of the mesonephricductsdegenerate, someremnantsmaypersist in the mesovariumwheretheyform the epophoron and paroophoron.Dignosis of Gartner cystis made with history andphysicalexamination. Complete surgical excision of symptomaticcystsis the treatment of choice.

Keywords: Gartner cyst, vaginal cyst, Mullerian duct

[1]. Raz, S. (2015). Vaginal Cysts and Masses. In Atlas of Vaginal Reconstructive Surgery (pp. 261-284). Springer New York.
[2]. Çalışkan S. Gartner duct cyst in an adult woman: a case report. J Pioneer Med Sci 2015; 5(4):122-123
[3]. Heller DS. Vaginal cysts: a pathology review. Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease 2012; 16:140-144
[4]. Akkawi R, Valente AL, Badawy SZA. Large mesonephric cyst with acute adnexal torsion in a teenage girl. Journal PediatrAdolescGynecol 2012; 25:143-145...

Abstract: Ameloblastoma is an uncommon borderline, locally aggressive, epithelial odontogenic neoplasm, constituting about 1% of all tumors and cyst of the jaws. It often presents as a slow growing, painless swelling. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of jaw lesions is a rapid and non-invasive procedure for the initial evaluation of these lesions. It provides helpful information and avoids a more traumatic and unnecessary surgical biopsy. Here we present a case of ameloblastoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology.

Keywords: Ameloblastoma, FNAC, Odontogenic Tumors.

[1]. Reichart PA, Philipsen HP. Chapter 5. Solid/Multicystic ameloblastoma. In: Peter A Reichart, Hans P Philipsen., editors. Odontogenic tumours and allied lesions. 1st ed. London, UK: Quintessence Publishing Co Ltd; 2004. pp. 43–5.
[2]. Ghandhi D, Ayoub AF, Anthony M, MacDonald G, Brocklebank LM, Moos KF. Ameloblastoma: a surgeon's dilemma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 64: 1010-14
[3]. Bisht S, Kotwal SA, Gupta P, Dawar R. Role of fine needle aspiration in preoperative diagnosis of ameloblastoma. Ind J Cancer 2009; 46(4): 348-50
[4]. Anchinmane VT, Rupani AB, Shedge RT, Kavishkar VS. Diagnosis of ameloblastoma of mandible by fine needle aspiration cytology. Bombay Hospital J 2011; 53: 484-86
[5]. Mathew S, Rappaport K, Ali SZ, Busseniers AE, Rosenthal DL. Ameloblastoma. Cytologic findings and literature review. Acta Cytol 1997; 41(4): 955-60..