iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2019

Abstract: Degenerative lumbar scoliosis is usually accompanied by spinal stenosis. Therefore, it becomes increasingly prevalent in the elderly, older than 50yrs of age. Most patients present with radiating pain, axial back pain, neurogenic claudication. So pain management becomes vital and giving epidural steroid injection poses a great challenging task

[1]. Vad VB, Bhat AL, Lutz GE, Cammisa F. Transforaminal epidural steroid injections in lumbosacral radiculopathy: a prospective randomized study. Spine. 2002;27:11

[2]. Dawson E, Bernbeck J. The surgical treatment of low back pain. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 1998;9:489–495.

[3]. Grubb SA, Lipscomb HJ. Diagnostic findings in painful adult scoliosis. Spine. 1992;17:518–52

Abstract: Kyphoscoliosis is a spinal deformity characterized by anterior flexion (kyphosis) and lateral curvature (scoliosis) of the vertebral column. Idiopathic kyphoscoliosis accounts for 80% of cases, commonly begins during late childhood and may progress in severity during period of rapid skeletal growth. Incidence of idiopathic kyphoscoliosis is approximately 4 per 1000 population. There may be familial predisposition to this disease, and female to male ratio is 4:1. Kyphoscoliosis may be associated with diseases of the neuromuscular system, such as poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy and also with neurofibromatosis, Marfan's syndrome. Restrictive lung disease and pulmonary hypertension progressing to cor pulmonale are the principle causes of death in these patients.1
Airway management and cardio-respiratory changes make general anaesthesia hazardous where as regional anaesthesia is sc .

[1]. Schwartz JJ. Skin and musculoskeletal diseases. In: Schwartz JJ, eds. Anaesthesia and Co-Existing. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2010: 505.
[2]. Ramez Salem M, Klowden AJ. General anaesthesia. In: Ramez Salem M, Klowden AJ, eds. Anaesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery. 3rd ed. New York: Churchill-Living Stone; 1994.
[3]. Micheal K. Urban, Salim Lohlou. Muscle diseases. In: Micheal K. Urban, Salim Lohlou, eds. Anaesthesia and Uncommon Disease. 5th ed. Pennsylvania: Lee A Fleisher; 2009: 144-145.
[4]. Rothman Simon E. The spine. In: Rothman Simon E, eds. Pediatric Kyphosis: Scheuermann's disease and Congenital Deformity. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2006.
[5]. Veliath DG, Sharma R, Ranjan RV, Rajesh Kumar CP, Ramachandran TR. Parturient with kyphoscoliosis (operated) for caesarean section. J Anaesth Clin Pharmacol. 2012;28:124-6.

Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the morphological variation of maxillary lateral incisor among the North and South Indian population. Methods: 50 casts each from North and South Indian population was taken and mesiodistal width of maxillary lateral incisor measured with Vernier calliper of pitch 0.001 cm. Results: Based on the findings it was clear that there was no significant variation in maxillary lateral incisor among the North and South Indian population. Conclusion: a distinct morphological variability was not noted among the North and South Indian population, which may be due to less number of samples taken. The study should be done by taking large number of study samples to evaluate the significant variations.

Keywords: Maxillary lateral incisor; Developmental anomaly; Morphological variations; South and North Indian population.

[1]. Nelson SJ, Ash Jr MM. Wheeler's dental anatomy, physiology and occlusion. 9th ed. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2010.
[2]. Fujita T, Kirino T, Yamashita Y. Textbook of dental anatomy. 22nd ed. Tokyo: Kanehara and Co. Ltd.; 1995 [in Japanese].
[3]. Hanihara K. Upper lateral incisor variability and the size of the remaining teeth. J AnthropolSoc Nippon 1970;78:316—23.
[4]. Kondo S, Hanamura H. Does a maxillary lateral incisor reduce to compensate for a large central incisor? Aichi-Gakuin J Dent Sci 2010;48:215—27 [in Japanese].
[5]. Townsend GC, Richards L, Hughes T, Pinkerton S, Schw- erdt W. The value of twins in dental research. Aust Dent J 2003;48:82—8.

Abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive form of primary brain tumour with a median survival 1 year. Aim: To assess the survival outcome and predictive factors for theglioblastoma multiforme patients who were treated with combined modality approach. Methods and materials: We have analyzed retrospectively 30 patients of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) diagnosed and treated in our oncology department during the period of March 2014 to March 2017. Inclusion criteria for this study was biopsy proven GBM patients who underwent maximal safe resection and postoperativechemo radiotherapy. Data regarding age, gender, histopathology, extent of surgery, performance status, radiotherapy and chemotherapy details were collected.Kaplan meier analysis was used to find out the median survival of the patients. Both univariate and multivariate analysis were done to assess the predictive factors for survival by using Cox regression model.........

Keywords: GBM, predictive factors, High grade gliomas, Temozolamide,Radiotherapy

[1]. Siker ML, Donahue BR, Vogelbaum MA. Primary Intracranial Neoplasms. In: Halperin EC, Parez CA, Brady LW, editors. Perez and Brady's Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2008;718-50. [2]. DeAngelis LM. Brain tumors. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:114-117
[3]. Darefsky AS, King JT Jr, Dubrow R. Adult glioblastoma multiforme survival in the temozolomide era: a population-based analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries. Cancer 2012; 118:2163-72.
[4]. Sadetzki S, Zach L, Chetrit A, et al. Epidemiology of gliomas in Israel: a nationwide study. Neuroepidemiology 2008; 31:264-9.
[5]. Kaneko S, Nomura K, Yoshimura T, Yamaguchi N. Trend of brain tumor incidence by histological subtypes in Japan: estimation from the Brain Tumor Registry of Japan, 1973-1993. J Neurooncol 2002; 60:61-9.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to define the role of NdYAG laser in root canal disinfection with minimally invasive concept. The hypothesis was tested ex vivo that NdYAG laser irradiation has a bactericidal effect on E. faecalis inoculated in instrumented root canals. Methodology includes observation of bacterial cell structural changes using CSEM and ESEM on inoculated dentin surfaces following direct and indirect NdYAG laser irradiation respectively along with resultant colony forming unit count. Results showed NdYAG laser irradiation of E. faecalis inoculated canals resulted in significant reduction (p<0.005 wilcoxon signed rank test) of E. faecalis which meant 97.3% eradication of microbes (both conventional SEM and environmental SEM).......

Keywords: Culture, environmental scanning electron microscopy, laser irradiation, bacterial invasion, cell structural changes

[1]. Saleh IM, Ruyter IE, Haapasalo M, Ørstavik D. Survival of Enterococcus faecalis in infected dentinal tubules after root canal filling with different root canal sealers in vitro. Int. Endod. J. 2004;37(3):193-8.
[2]. Love RM. Enterococcus faecalis--a mechanism for its role in endodontic failure. Int. Endod. J. 2001;34(5):399-405.
[3]. Berkiten M, Berkiten R, Okar I. Comparative evaluation of antibacterial effects of Nd:YAG laser irradiation in root canals and dentinal tubules. J. Endod. 2000;26(5):268-70.
[4]. Nagaoka S, Miyazaki Y, Liu HJ, Iwamoto Y, Kitano M, Kawagoe M. Bacterial invasion into dentinal tubules of human vital and nonvital teeth. J. Endod. 1995;21(2):70-3.
[5]. Sedgley CM, Lennan SL, Appelbe OK. Survival of Enterococcus faecalis in root canals ex vivo. Int. Endod. J. 2005;38(10):735-42.
[6]. Fegan SE, Steiman HR. Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial effects of intracanal Nd:YAG laser irradiation: an in vitro study. J. Endod. 1995;21(8):415-7.

Abstract: Dengue being the most common arbo-viral disease and increasing epidemic of dengue has raised the need of cost effective and useful modality to know the complications and severity of dengue fever. Many studies has been done regarding the USG findings in dengue and complications. Our study aims at highlighting the value of adding portal venous doppler with USG in detecting the severity of complications of dengue...

Keyword: USG, Dengue fever, portal vein doppler

[1]. Shepard SD, Halasa YA, Tyagi BK, Adhish SV, Nandan D, Chellaswamy V et al. Economic burden of Dengue illness in India. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg 2014;91:1235–42.
[2]. Govt. of India(2016), National Health profile 2015, DGHS, ministry of health and family welfare, New Delhi.
[3]. Verma, Sudhir Kumar, Gutch, Manish, Agarwal, Abhishek & Vaish, AK. ( 2011) . Capillary leak syndrome in dengue fever. WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia.
[4]. Nimmannitya S. Clinical manifestations of dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever. In Monograph on Dengue/Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever.Regional Publication No. 22. WHO Regional office for Southeast Asia.1993:48–61.
[5]. Pramuljo HS, Harun SR. Ultrasound findings in dengue haemorrhagic fever. Pediatr Radiol. 1991;21:100 –102.

Abstract: Cosmetic dentistry is generally used to refer to any dental work that improves the appearance (though not necessarily the functionality) of teeth, gums and/or bite. It primarily focuses on improving dental aesthetics in color, position, shape, size, alignment and overall smile appearance. Veneering is a minimally invasive restorative procedure for anterior teeth where buccal surface of tooth is involved and clinical need is mainly about improving the esthetics . This technique was introduced by Dr. Pincus as early as 1937 (1). Veneering can be done by ceramics or by composites. Componeer is a preformed composite laminate with high gloss buccal surface for patients where estheic correction is required for anterior teeth. It combines the skill of the operating dentist and preformed art thus reducing the chaos of tooth build up, by sensitively tiring direct composite technique. When a composite is added to the internal surface of the componeer laminate and light cured, it is just as if the two materials were layered freehand on the tooth. This article describes the steps for componeer placement and two cases where anterior esthetic correction was done using composite laminates.

Keywords: esthetic, veneers , componeer, smile design, spacing.

[1]. Dietschi D, Devigus A. Prefabricated composite veneers: historical perspectives, indications and clinical application. Eur J Esthet Dent. 2011;6(2):178-87.
[2]. Conrad HJ, Seong WJ, Pesun IJ. Current ceramic materials and systems with clinical recommendations: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2007;98:389-404.
[3]. Spear F, Holloway J. Which all-ceramic system is optimal for anterior esthetics? J Am Dent Assoc. 2008;139:19S-24S.
[4]. Jensen OE, Soltys J L. Six months clinical evaluation of prefabricated veneer restorations after partial enamel removal. J Oral Rehabil 1986;13:49–55.
[5]. Furuse AY, Soares JV, Cunali RS, Gonzaga CC. Minimum intervention in restorative dentistry with V-shaped facial and palatal ceramic veneers. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2016 Jan 7.
[6]. Pimentel W, Teixeira ML, Costa PP, Jorge MZ, Tiossi R. Predictable Outcomes with Porcelain Laminate Veneers: A Clinical Report. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2015 Dec 1.

Abstract: Background: In India, dengue epidemics are becoming more frequent. The majority of dengue viral infections are self-limiting, but complications may cause high morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To assess the clinical profile of the dengue infection in children less than 14 years of age and to evaluate the outcomes of dengue fever from January 2018 to June 2018 at Pediatric Department,Coimbatore Medical College Hospital,Coimbatore. Results: A total of 75 cases were classified into 63(84%) non severe and 12(16%) severe dengue cases. The most common age of presentation was above 5 yrs. The mean age of admission was 8.7 yrs. The most common presenting symptom was fever seen in 100% and hepatomegaly (64%) the most common physical finding. Gastrointestinal bleeding was markedly seen in severe dengue (76.9%). Elevation in aspartate transaminase (SGOT) was found in 47.42% and thrombocytopenia in 27.5%.The correlation between hepatomegaly and elevated SGOT was significant (𝑃 value 0.0346). Case fatality rate (CFR) was 1.03%.The mean duration of hospitalization was 4days.......

Keywords: Dengue, Children, Clinical Profile

[1]. WHO, "Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever," Factsheet no. 117,World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2008, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/.
[2]. Special Programme for Research, Training in Tropical Diseases, and World Health Organization, Dengue: Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2009.
[3]. N. Gupta, S. Srivastava,A. Jain, and U. C. Chaturvedi, "Dengue in India," Indian Journal of Medical Research, vol. 136, no. 3, pp. 373–390, 2012.
[4]. B. Das, M. Das, B. Dwibedi, S. K. Kar, and R. K. Hazra, "Molecular investigations of dengue virus during outbreaks in Orissa state, Eastern India from2010 to 2011," Infection, Genetics and Evolution, vol. 16, pp. 401–410, 2013.
[5]. J. G. Rigau-P´erez, G. G. Clark, D. J. Gubler, P. Reiter, E. J. Sanders, and A. V. Vorndam, "Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever," The Lancet, vol. 352, no. 9132, pp. 971–977, 1998.

Abstract: Root canal perforation are the artificial communication between the root canal system and the supporting structures of the oral cavity [1]. Root perforation are iatrogenic complication of root canal treatment. It can also be due to resorption or advanced carious lesion. A root perforation severely compromise the prognosis of endodontic treatment. In such cases Prognosis of endodontic treatment will depend on extent of root perforation, its location, duration and various other factors. Root perforation can be repaired using different material and different techniques. Surgical intervention is required depending upon site and the size of perforation. This case report presents bilateral iatrogenic perforation repair of maxillary central incisors using bio-dentine as repair material.

[1]. Glossary of endodontic terms (7thedn). American Association of Endodontists, 2003; Chicago.
[2]. Sinai IH, Romea DJ, Glassman G, Morse DR, Fantasia J, Furst ML. An evaluation of tricalcium phosphate as a treatment for endodontic perforations. J Endod 1989;15:399–403.
[3]. Farzaneh M, Abitbol S, Friedman S. Treatment outcome in endodontics: the Toronto study. Phases I and II: Orthograde retreatment. J Endod 2004;30:627–33
[4]. Tsesis I, Fuss Z. Diagnosis and treatment of accidental root perforations. Endodontic Topics 2006;13:95–107..
[5]. Han L, Okiji T. Uptake of calcium and silicon released from calcium silicate-based endodontic materials into root canal dentine. Int Endod J 2011;44:1081–87.

Abstract: The management of adult patients with traumatic injuries to their dentition poses a serious challenge in everyday general dental practice. For the rehabilitation of the complicated subgingival crown fracture of anterior teeth, multidisciplinary approach is often indicated. This report describes the restoration of an endodontically treated tooth ,with a complicated crown-root fracture along with crown prosthesis that extended below both the gingival cuff and the alveolar crest, by using remaining tooth tissue. The restoration was completed after root extrusion with a fiber post core, and porcelain crown. In order to expose the sound tooth structure for prosthodontic intervention, orthodontic extrusion was performed after endodontic treatment. Forced eruption may serve as an alternative treatment modality since its introduction in 1973. To avoid extraction of the involved teeth, the multidisciplinary approach was adopted and finally the teeth were restored prosthodontically. The final result was aesthetically satisfying and periodontically sound.

Keywords: Coronal tooth fracture, forced tooth extrusion, orthodontic extrusion, subgingival crown fracture

[1]. Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM. Classification, etiology and epidemiology. In: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, editors.
[2]. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth. 3rd edn.Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1994. p. 151–80.
[3]. Poi WR, Manfrin TM, Holland R, Sonoda CK. Repair characteristics of horizontal root fracture: a case report. DentTraumatol 2002 Apr;18:98-102.
[4]. Khurana H, Kalra HS, Pandey RK. Endoesthetic management of a traumatized central incisor with an embedded screw. Endodontology 2017;29:74-7

Abstract: Dental crowns have been used for decades in dentistry to restore compromised or restored dentition, and for esthetic improvements. It‟s no surprise that dental crowns have grown in viability and popularity over the years, with advancemnt in materials and manufacturing techniques. CAD/CAM has numerous advantages over the traditional manufacturing method, like the number of steps required for the fabrication of a restoration is less compared to traditional methods. Another benefit of CAD/CAM dentistry include the use of contemporary dental materials and data acquisition instruments, which represents a better method of saving impressions, restorations and information that are saved on a computer and constitute an extraordinary communication tool for evaluation. Along with manufacturing time and accuracy, dental CAD/CAM technology is also has its benefits in terms material savings, standardization of the fabrication process, and predictability of the restorations

[1]. Srinivasa Raju Datla, Rama Krishna Alla, Venkata Ramaraju Alluri, Jithendra Babu P, Anusha Konakanchi,Dental Ceramics: Part II – Recent Advances in Dental Ceramics , American Journal of Materials Engineering and Technology, 2015, Vol. 3, No. 2, 19-26

[2]. Sapna Rani, Jyoti Devi,Chandan Jain, Parul Mutneja and Mahesh Verma, Esthetic Rehabilitation of Anterior Teeth with Copy-Milled Restorations: A Report of Two Cases ,Case Reports in Dentistry, Volume 2017, Article ID 2841398, 5 pages

[3]. Christensen GJ. Marginal fit of gold inlay castings. J Prosthet Dent 1966. 297- 305.

[4]. Dong-Yeon Kim, Ji-Hwan Kim, Hae-Young Kim, Woong-Chul Kim,Comparison and evaluation of marginal and internal gaps in cobalt–chromium alloy copings fabricated using subtractive and additive manufacturing ,Journal of Prosthodontic Research , POR 409 No. of Pages 9

[5]. Bindl A, Mormann WH. Marginal and internal fit of all-ceramic CAD/CAM crown- copings on chamfer preparations. J Oral Rehabil 2005;32:441-7.

Abstract: The goals of endodontic treatment are the proper access cavity preparation, cleaning, and shaping, and filling the root canal system,to prevent the microbial reinfection. Thus any material placed in the root canal must be free of microbial contamination to avoid root canal recontamination.Currently, gutta-percha is the most commonly used root canal filling material.Guttapercha is supplied in a sterilised sealed package. Only few cones maybe used for a patient and then the box is used again for another patient. Once the seal is opened, the Guttapercha cones are exposed to the environment and eventually lose their sterility. The aim of this study was to assess the sterility of the guttapercha cones in a sealed manufacturer's supplied package.Two different sealed manufactures supplied package ofguttapercha cones........

Keywords- Contaminationof Guttapercha, sterile guttapercha, guttapercha disinfectants, guttapercha disinfection

[1]. Spångberg LSW. Essential Endodontology. In: Ørstavik D, Pitt Ford TR, editors. Endodontic treatment of teeth without apical periodontitis. Wiltshire: Blackwell Science; 2001. pp. 211–236.
[2]. Namazikhah MS, Sullivan DM, Trnavsky GL. Gutta-percha: a look at the need for sterilization. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2000; 28(6):427-32.
[3]. Marciano J, Michailesco P, Abadie MJ (1993). Stereochemical structure characterization of dental gutta-percha. J Endod; 19(1): 31-4.
[4]. Friedman CE, Sandrick JL, HeuerMA et al: Composition and physical properties of gutta-percha endodontic filling materials. J Endod 1977; 3(8): 304-8. [5]. Moorer WR, Genet JM. Antibacterial activity of gutta-percha cones attributed to the zinc oxide component. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1982;53:508–517.