iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2020

Abstract: Background: Cubitus varus (Gunstock deformity) is tri-planar deformity with components of varus, hyperextension and internal rotation of distal fragment of humerus. Various methods of fixation are used ranging from k-wire to Ilizarov Fixator.There is a controversy in method of osteotomy and fixation. Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the fixation method. One is the conventional method of two screws and wire loop. The other one is two holed short plate. Methods: two groups of cubitus varus deformity, 22 patients each group were treated with supracondylar osteotomy of the humerus for correction of cubitus varus, in group I, two cortical screws with wire loop was used for fixation. Two holed short plate was used in group II. Two groups were compared in terms of intra-operative stability and requirement of additional fixation, breakage of the fixation, hardware prominence and overall result.........

Keywords: Cubitus varus, French osteotomy, supracondylar fracture

[1]. McCoy GF, Piggot J. Supracondylar osteotomy for cubitus varus: J Bone joint surg Br 1988;70(2):283-6.
[2]. Handelsman JE, Weinberg J, Hersch JC. Corrective supracondylar humeral osteotomies using the small AO external fixator. J Pediatr Orthop B 2006;15(3):194-7.
[3]. Oppenheim WL, Clader TJ, Smith C, Bayer M. Supracondylar humeral osteotomy for traumatic childhood cubitus varus deformity: Clinical orthopaedics and related research 1984;188:34-9.
[4]. Kulkarni GS. Textbook of orthopaedics and trauma. 2nded. New Delhi:Jaypee;2008.
[5]. Beslikas TA, Kirkos JM, Sayegh FE, Papavasiliou VA. Supracondylar humerus osteotomy in children with posttraumatic cubitus varus deformity. Acta Orthop Belg 1999;65(1):65-71.

Abstract: Background Violent asphyxial deaths are of common occurrence and there are various types as Hanging, Drowning, Strangulation, Suffocation and Traumatic asphyxia. The hanging and drowning are commonly seen in suicidal cases while strangulation including throttling is usually homicidal. In addition to these accidental compression or trauma to chest that prevent in respiratory movement, known as traumatic asphyxia or crush injury is also one of the cause of violent asphyxial death. Settings and Design: Kolkata Police Morgue attached to the Upgraded Dept of Forensic and State Medicine , Medical College , Kolkata ; Observational , descriptive , cross- sectional study. Conclusion: Some of the common forms of violent asphyxial deaths in areas related to Kolkata Police Morgue include drowning, hanging, strangulation by ligature and throttling. Accident turns to be the commonest mode of death and drowning remains the most common means of accident

[1]. DiMaio VJM. Homicidal Asphyxia. The American Journal of Foresic Medicine and Pathology. 2000; 21(1): 1-4.
[2]. Mukherjee JB. Violent Asphyxial Deaths. Forensic Medicine and Toxicology.4th ed. Kolkata: Academic Publisher; 2011. 499-566.
[3]. Singh A, Gorea RK, Dalal JS, Thind AS and Walia D. A Study of Demographic variables of Violent Asphyxial Death. JPAFMAT. 2003; 3:22-25.
[4]. Chaurasia N, Pandey SK and Mishra A. An Epidemiological Study of Violent Asphyxial Deaths in Varanasi Region (India) a killing tool. J Forensic Res. 2012; 3(174): 172-175.
[5]. Lalwani S, Sharma GASK, Rautji R, Bhardwaj DN and Dogra TD. Pattern of violent Asphyxial Deaths in South Delhi: A retrospective study. Indian Medical Gazette. 2004; 258-261.

Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was first reported in the modern medical literature by Stein and Leventhal who, in 1935, described seven women suffering from amenorrhea, hirsutism, and enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts.1 PCOS is a heterogeneous pathological condition characterized by reproductive disorders and frequently associated with hyperandrogenism, obesity, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.2-4 PCOS is the most common female endocrinopathy, and its frequency is about 6-8% in the reproductive period.2 The clinical presentation of PCOS varies widely. Women with PCOS often seek care for menstrual disturbances, clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism, and infertility. Menstrual disturbances commonly observed in PCOS include oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, and prolonged erratic menstrual bleeding.5 However, 30% of women with PCOS......

[1]. Stein IF, Leventhal ML. Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries. American Journal Obstetrics Gynecology. 1935;29:181-8.
[2]. Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, Key TJ, Knochenhauer ES, Yildiz BO. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2004;89:2745-9.
[3]. Norman RJ, Davies MJ, Lord J, Moran LJ. The role of lifestyle modification in polycystic ovary syndrome. Trends in Endocrinology Metabolism. 2002;13:251-7.
[4]. Homburg R. Polycystic ovary syndrome - from gynecological curiosity to multisystem endocrinopathy. Human Reproduction. 1996;11:29-39.
[5]. Farquhar C. Introduction and history of polycystic ovary syndrome. Cambridge University Press. 2007;4–24.
[6]. Balen A, Conway G, Kaltsas G. Polycystic ovary syndrome: the spectrum of the disorder in 1741 patients. Human Reproduction. 1995;10:2107–11..

Abstract: INTRODUCTION - Hypospadias refers to incomplete urethral development that results in a meatus located anywhere from the proximal glans to the perineum. Tubularized incised plate method has rapidly become a procedure of choice for hypospadias. In hypospadias repair, vascularity of the repaired site is a major concern. Hence, some vascularized flaps like dartos fascia and tunica vaginalis flap were introduced, which were placed on the neourethra as the second layer. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES – To evaluate clinical efficacy, limitations and study complications in Hypospadias/fistula repair using dartos flap.........

Keywords: hypospadias, dartos flap, urethroplasty, urethrocutaneous fistula, chordee

[1]. Snodgrass W. Tubularized, incised plate urethroplasty for distal hypospadias. J Urol. 1994;151:464-5.
[2]. Hodgson NB. History of hypospadias repair, Reconstructive and plastic surgery of the external genitalia adult and pediatric WB Saunders Company; 1999.P. 16.
[3]. Bruno Leslie a, Luiz L. Barboza a, Petrus O. Souza.Dorsal tunica vaginalis graft plus onlaypreputialisland flap urethroplasty: Experimental studying rabbits Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. July 2008.09.003.
[4]. Dhua, Anjan Kumar; Aggarwal, Satish Kumar; Sinha, Shandip; Ratan, SimmiK.Soft tissue covers in hypospadias surgery: Is tunica vaginalis better than dartosflap: Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons . Jan-Mar2012, Vol. 17.
[5]. Kadian YS, Rattan KN, Singh J, Kajal P, Tunica vaginalis: an aid in hypospadias fistula repair: our experience of 14 cases. Afr J paediater surg. 2011 May- Aug;8(2):164-7.

Abstract: urinary bladder stones due to self-insertion of foreign is rare entity.Bladder stones are most common manifestation of urinary tract lithiasis. Out of total urinary stones 5% are bladder stones. Bladder stones are of two types 1. Primary. 2. Secondary. in secondary bladder stones- bladder outlet obstruction, foreign body, neurogenic bladder and iurinary tract foreign body measuring 36 cm within the stone found during surgery with previous history of self insertion of foreign body. This case emphasizes the fact that proper history taking and proper examination is very important in diagnosis and to find the cause of bladder stone like psychiatric and social aspects of the patient and digital rectal examination should be done routinely.

Keywords: bladder stone, foreign body, supra pubic cystolithotomy, psycho sexual perversion.

[1]. Valyasevi A, Van Reen R. Pediatric bladder stone disease: current status of research. J Pediatr1968;72:546–53.
[2]. Loeser A, Gerharz EW, Riedmiller H. Chronic perforation of the urinary bladder by self-inserted foreign body. International Urogynecology. 2007;18(6):689–690
[3]. Becher R.M., Tolia B.M., Newman H.R. Giant vesical calculus. JAMA. 1976;239:2272–2273
[4]. Groah SL, Weitzenkamp DA, Lammertse DP, et al. Excess risk of bladder cancer in spinal cord injury: evidence for an association between indwelling catheter use and bladder cancer. Arch Phys Med Rehabil2002;83:346–51.
[5]. Tornero J, Palou J, Prados M, et al. Bladder perforation caused by foreign body migration. Int UrolNephrol. 2000;32(2):241-3.

Abstract: Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), previously termed chronic renal failure, refers to an irreversible deterioration in renal function which usually develops over a period of years. Aim : To access the clinical profile with reference to the Epidemiology, Etiology of the condition, the management and review of the Drug utilization. Objectives :To access the clinical profile with reference to the Epidemiology and Etiology of the chronic kidney disease. To access the serum creatinine and GFR values of the condition. To Monitor the DUR on drugs used in the treatment of chronic kidney disease. Methodology: The data from medical records of all the cases of chronic kidney disease admitted in the department of nephrology GGH, KURNOL........

Key Words: Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension, Diabetes, Epidemiology, Etiology Drug Utilization Review.

[1]. Davidsons principles and practice of medicine, 22nd edition, pg.no. 483-54.
[2]. Nelson's essentials of paediatrics, 7th edition, pg.no.561-569.
[3]. Harrison's manual of medicine, 19th edition, pg.no.752.
[4]. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 May;17(5):723-31
[5]. Semin Neurol. 2011 Apr;31(2):139-43
[6]. Lancet. 2012 Jan 14;379(9811):165-80

Abstract: Traumatic tricuspid regurgitation is a rare complication after blunt chest trauma and frequently misdiagnosed during the initial assessment. Traumatic tricuspid valve injury associated with right-to-left shunting via a patent foramen ovale causing hypoxemia and desaturation is noted even less frequently. Here we report a case of a patient with right heart failure symptoms and desaturation due to right-to-left shunting via a patent foramen ovale secondary to traumatic tricuspid insufficiency detected 20 years after a car accident. Surgery was required, consisting of tricuspid valve replacement. This case reminds that physicians in the emergency department should be aware of this potential complication following nonpenetrating chest trauma and its different clinical presentation. Patients with suspected valve lesion should undergo close echocardiographic follow-up to permit early detection of valve injury and timely surgical treatment.

Key Word: Tricuspid regurgitation; Tricuspid valve; Heart injury; Blunt trauma; Case report

[1]. Gayet C, Pierre B, Delahaye JP, Champsaur G, Andre-Fouet X, Rueff P. Traumatic tricuspid insufficiency. An underdiagnosed disease. Chest. 1987;92:429-32
[2]. 2. Knobloch K, Rossner D, Strüber M, Fischer S, Leyh RG, Haverich A. Traumatic tricuspid insufficiency after horse kick. J Trauma. 2004;56:694-6.
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[4]. Benhassen LL, Smerup MH. Severe traumatic tricuspid insufficiency detected 28 years after blunt chest trauma - A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018;49:228-30.
[5]. Bortolotti U, Scioti G, Milano A, Guglielmi C, Benedetti M, Tartarini G, et al. Post-traumatic tricuspid valve insufficiency. 2 cases of delayed clinical manifestation. Tex Heart Inst J. 1997;24:223-5.

Abstract: Tympanic thermometry in the operation theatre measures the core body temperature being superior to oral , nasopharyngeal, axillary ,oesophageal and rectal measurements. The tympanic membrane is the site where the core body temperature can be measured with most accuracy .The temperature at the ear canal and the tympanic membrane are rapidly responsive and give precise estimate of the hypothalamic temperature and correlate with the oesophageal temperature. Benzinger M 1969 , Cork RC 1983.[1,2]

[1]. Benzinger M Tympanic thermometry in surgery and anaesthesia. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1969:209.1207-11 [2]. Cork RC Precision and accuracy of intraoperative temperature monitoring. Anaesth.Analg. 1983.Feb.62(2)211-4 [3]. Piironen P: " Effect of exposures to extremely hot environments on temperatures of the tympanic membrane ,the oesophagus ,and the rectum of men ". Technical documentary report no.AMRL –TDR-63-85.Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,Ohio.6570. Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory ,1963. [4]. Shinozaki T , Deane R, Perkins FM : Infra-red tympanic thermometer. Evaluation of a new clinical thermometer .Critical Care Medicine 1988: 16:148-50 [5]. Copper KE, Cranston wi,Snell ES: Temperature in the external auditory meatus as an index of central temperature changes. Journal of Applied Physiology 1964:19 :1032-5

Abstract: Background:Women undergo various physical and psychological changes throughout their life cycle, compounded by the expectations of different roles from her. One such challenging phase is her college life when various social and environmental changes may lead to stress. A new step toward independent living is exciting and terrifying at the same time. The hormonal changes only complicate things further, as menstruation itself is a stressful phenomenon to most women. Women are known to be more anxiety prone than men and the underlying mechanism may be both physical and environmental. This study tries to explore the the trait anxiety in this vulnerable time and salivary cortisol levels were also assessed as there is indication of cortisol being increased in stress, thus making it possible to study for the correlation of cortisol with anxiety.........

Key word: trait anxiety; cortisol; college girls

[1]. Grant BF, Weissman MM. Gender and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders. In: Narrow WE, First MB, Sirovatka PJ, Regier DA, editors. Age and gender considerations in psychiatric diagnosis: A research agenda for DSM-V. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2007. pp. 31–46
[2]. National Mental Health Survey of India 2015–2016
[3]. National Mental Health Survey of India 2015–2016- Assam State Report
[4]. Takeda Y. Understanding the Life Stages of Women to Enhance Your Practice. JMAJ 53(5): 273–278, 2010
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Abstract: Class II malocclusions are amongst the most significantly seen malocclusion in daily clinical scenario. These malocclusions are usually exhibiting either a dental, skeletal and/or functional characteristics. In cases where there is a combination of crowding and skeletal discrepancy, the time required for the treatment when compared to that of well aligned arch form is more.Compliance plays a major role in functional appliances as they are not within the control of the operator. In view of this, a fixed or a partly fixed Twin block ensures a better treatment outcome in terms of patient compliance.Therefore, a Twin-block modification that employs a synergistic approach to combine the pre-functional and functional phase together offering simplicity in terms of design and fabrication along with an added advantage of patient compliance could therefore be a useful technique in clinical scenarios that present with moderate crowding.

[1]. Bishara SE. Class II Malocclusions: Diagnostic and Clinical Considerations With and Without Treatment. SeminOrthod. 2006; 12(1):11–24.
[2]. Bishara SE, Ziaja RR. Functional appliances: a review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989; 95:250–258.
[3]. Clark WJ. Twin block functional therapy: applications in dentofacial orthopaedics. 2nd ed. London (UK): Mosby; 2002. p.249.
[4]. Clark WJ. Twin block functional therapy: applications in dentofacial orthopaedics. 2nd ed. London (UK): Mosby; 2002. p.327.
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Abstract: The need for reorienting medical education to the health care needs of the country is a worldwide phenomenon 1. Many medical colleges around the world and in India fall short of delivering a curriculum that is responsive to the health care needs of the community 2. This has triggered debates and discussion about the medical education system in India resulting in recommendations for curricular reforms, which are need-based and directed towards meeting the health care needs of the country3-4 What are the goals that need to be achieved through reorientation

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Abstract: Aim & Objectives: The aim of the present study was to clinically and radiographically evaluate the efficacy of ridge augmentation procedures using PRF with titanium mesh and screw guided bone regeneration. Patients and methods: 18 subjects participated in this study. One site in each subjects was randomly assigned to each of the following experimental groups; test group: ridge augmentation with titanium mesh and control group: ridge augmentation with screw guided bone regeneration. Clinical parameters included the recording of VAS scores, EHI scores and evaluation of the amount of swelling post operatively. Evaluations of bone gain, bone fill and bone density was performed after 6 months by using ImageJ® software. Results: In both the groups there was an increase in bone gain, bone fill and bone density with no statistical significance between them..........

Keywords: Alveolar Ridge Augmentation, Bone Regeneration, Platelet Rich Fibrin, Bone Density.

[1]. Pagni G, Pellegrini G, Giannobile WV, Rasperini G. Postextraction alveolar ridge preservation: biological basis and treatments. Int J Dent.2012;6:1-13.
[2]. Chiapasco M, Casentini P, Zaniboni M. Bone Augmentation Procedures in Implant Dentistry. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants.2009;24:237–259.
[3]. Poli PP, Beretta M, Cicciu M, Maiorana C. Alveolar ridge augmentation with titanium mesh. A retrospective clinical study. Open Dent J.2014;8:148-158.
[4]. Sculean A, Nikolidakis D, Schwarz F. Regeneration of periodontal tissues: combinations of barrier membranes and grafting materials-biological foundation and preclinical evidence: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol.2008;35:106-116.
[5]. Rakhmatia YD, Ayukawa Y, Furuhashi A, Koyano K. Current barrier membranes: titanium mesh and other membranes for guided bone regeneration in dental applications. J Prosthodont Res.2013;57:3-14.