iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2020

Abstract: Every single of us thrive to look young so called less than our age.In today's era of passion to look beautiful, various new technologies are emerging to enhance and improve the physical appearance of people. Botox is one option which claims to give a younger and more aesthetic look to people. Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections (BOTOX) was introduced 21 years back for treatment of frown lines between the eyes and the smoothing of facial wrinkles. But now the horizons in dentistry with use of botulinum toxin (BT) are gaining momentum. This paper's aim is to elaborate the healing aspect and aesthetic power of this dangerous toxin. Dental surgeons by their virtue of being extensively aware of the anatomy of faciomaxillary region have the potential to use BT in their armamentarium with minor skill enhancement.

Keywords: Botox, Botulinium Toxin, clostridium botulinium, Acetylcholine

[1]. Barbano R. Risks of erasing wrinkles: Buyer beware! Neurology. 2006;67(10):E17-E8.
[2]. Nayyar P, Kumar P, Nayyar PV, Singh A. Botox: Broadening the Horizon of Dentistry. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2014;8(12):ZE25.
[3]. Meunier FA, Schiavo G, Molgó J. Botulinum neurotoxins: from paralysis to recovery of functional neuromuscular transmission. Journal of Physiology-Paris. 2002;96(1):105-13.
[4]. Edwards M. Anal fissure. Dumas Ltd Retrieved August. 2006;21:2010.
[5]. Food U, Administration D. Early Communication about an Ongoing Safety Review of Botox and Botox Cosmetic (Botulinum toxin Type A) and Myobloc (Botulinum toxin Type B). April, 2009.-[accessed 1 December 2010] Availablefrom: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders. DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals/ucm070366 htm.

Abstract: Laminate veneers are one of the most conservative techniques when compared to all other kinds of conservative restorations. Making veneers with porcelain supplement will minimize the amount of tooth reduction and bacterial accumulation, also improve esthetics, and allow to provide life-like tooth structure in the name of shade and shape of the tooth. Till now, various designs were been explained by various authors, majorly concentrating on maximum tooth preservation and minimal intervention techniques. Here, in this article, we are aiming on Lumineers as a treatment option.Lumineers are porcelain veneers that offer the painless way to a whiter and aesthetically aligned smile. Lumineers are made of the new porcelain technology Cerinate which gives them strength but allows them to be contact lens-thin. They are placed over existing teeth without having to remove painful tooth structure. Lumineers can also be placed over existing crown or bridgework..

Key Word: Lumineers, porcelain veneers, aesthetic, durathin, minimal intervention

[1]. Dent-Mat Corporation. http://www.denmat.com/dental-marketing/: Den-Mat Corporation; 2009.
[2]. Glidewell Laboratories. http://www.glidewelldental.com/lab/services/vivaneers.aspx; 2009.
[3]. DURAthin Veneers. http://www.durathinveneers.com/durathinveneers/default.html: DURAthin Veneers; 2009.
[4]. Den-Mat Corporation. http://www.lumineersdds.com: Den-Mat Corporation; 2009.
[5]. Malcmacher L. No-preparation porcelain veneers-back to the future! Dent Today 2005;24(3):86, 88, 90-1.

Abstract: Introduction of self-ligating brackets has revolutionized in orthodontics. Self ligating brackets used initially had several advantage and disadvantage. But smart clip brackets claims automatic closer of the clip and fully secured engaging of arch wire without any moving door or latch. The aims and objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the appliance efficiency in leveling, aligning and decrowding, Chair side time saving and Bracket bond failures between Self Ligating Brackets and Conventional Ligating Brackets. 14 patients were examined in both the groups (7 with SLBs and 7 with CLBs). All the cases were operated by single operator. The various parameters were compared in both the groups. The results showed statistically significant reduction in the number of days observed when both the groups compared for appliance efficiency (in leveling ,aligning and decrowding). During the archwire change Self ligating brackets were 2.76 times quicker than Conventional ligating brackets Therefore, the smart clip Self ligating brackets can be considered more advantageous than the conventional ligating brackets.

Key words: Self ligating bracket, smart clip, Bond strength, Appliance efficiency

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[2]. Meling TR, Odegaard J, Hokhe K. The effect of friction on the bending stiffness of orthodontic beams: a theoretical and in vitro study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 112:41-49, 1
[3]. Stolzenberg, J. The Russell attachment and its improved advantages, Int J Orthod Dental child,21: 837-840,1935
[4]. Cacciafesta V, Sfondrini MF, Ricciadi A, Scribante A, Klersy C, Auricchio F. Evaluation of friction of stainless steel and esthetic self-ligating brackets in various bracket–archwire combinations. Am J Orthop 2003; 124; 395-402
[5]. Griffiths HS, Sherriff M, Ireland AJ. Resistance to sliding with three types of elastomeric modules. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005; 127; 670-5.

Abstract: Background: Surgery is the treatment of injuries and disorders of the body by incision and manipulation, often with use of instruments and general anaesthesia is the medication used in with the purpose being loss of consciousness especially in major surgeries such as upper abdominal surgery general anaesthesia is required which has four components : amnesia(partial or total memory loss), analgesia(inability to feel pain), muscle relaxation and interruption of nerve propagation so that surgical trauma is not felt by the patient. This study reviews the changing pattern of microbial pathogen in the throat secretion and its final outcome in patients operated under general anaesthesia and the at-risk patients.....

Key Word: General Anaesthesia; Post operative pulmonary complications; Microbial pathogens

[1]. Rock p, Rich PB, Postoperative pulmonary complication. currOpinAnaesthesiol. 2003;16:123-31.[PubMed]
[2]. Arozullah AM, Khuri SF, Henderson WG, Daley J.Participants in the National veterans affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Development an validation of multifactorial risk index for predicting postoperative pneumonia after major noncardiac surgery. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:847-57 [PubMed]
[3]. Poelaert J, Szegedi L, Blot S. Vincent J, editor. Prevention of postoperative pulmonary problems starts intraoperatively. Annual Updates in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. 203:539-52.

Abstract: Choledochal cyst is an aneurysmal dilatation of bile duct. Biliary cysts typically are a surgical problem of infancy or childhood; however, in almost 20% of patients , the diagnosis is delayed until adulthood. We report a case of choledochal cyst in a 42 year old female patient. She presented to the outpatient clinic with a history of lump abdomen, right upper quadrant abdominal pain & jaundice. The preoperative diagnosis was made by MRCP & it showed type1a choledochal cyst. The patient underwent laparotomy & excision of cyst with reconstruction done and patient made early recovery. Early suspicion of this rare disease is important because surgical treatment is the only way to avoid dramatic complications of this disease. To the best of our knowledge , we report the largest choledochal cyst in adult.

Keywords: choledochal cyst, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP), reconstruction

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Abstract: COVID-19 as an emerging pandemic, Expression patterns for COVID-19 is angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors that exists within the testicular tissue (spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli cells) providing a rich site for viral replication. Hence, an impact on testicular tissue could be observed within males seeking fertility post COVID-19 infection. Another interesting factor is the structure of the sperm glycocalyx which could serve as an adequate carrier for COVID-19. Similar to a degree to SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) forming a protein complex. Another mediator with SARS-CoV-2 is the cellular serine protease (TMPRSS2). ACE2 Located on X chromosome (cytogenetic location: Xp22.2) while TMPRSS2 located on chromosome 21 (cytogenic location: 21q22.3). COVID-19 triggers an elevated immune response in a "cytokine storm" like action. resulting in an extensive tissue damage mediated by interleukin 6 (IL-6). Such aggressive immune.....

[1]. Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, et al. (2020). Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19) [Updated 2020 Mar 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/
[2]. Laboratory biosafety guidance related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Interim guidance, Feb. 2020, https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331138/WHO-WPE-GIH-2020.1-eng.pdf
[3]. Song W, Gui M, Wang X, Xiang Y. (2018). Cryo-EM structure of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein in complex with its host cell receptor ACE2. PLoSPathog ;14(8): e1007236. Published Aug 13. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007236
[4]. Link on National Center of Biotechnology information for HPA ACE2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/59272 , Human Protein Atlas ACE2 https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130234-ACE2/tissue
[5]. Wang, Z.; Xu, X. (2020). scRNA-seq Profiling of Human Testes Reveals the Presence of ACE2 Receptor, a Target for SARS-CoV-2 Infection, in Spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli Cells. Preprints, 2020020299 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202002. 0299.v1)..

Abstract: Background:Sleep is a daily process of physiological restitution and recovery. Reported literatures have shown that sleep deprivation has adverse effects on several cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors like blood pressure, glucose tolerance and sympathetic tone. Hence, this study was conducted in a tertiary care centre in Visakhapatnam to identify possible association between sleep patterns and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Materials and Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted in Department of Cardiology, King George Hospital (K.G.H), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. 100 first AMI cases and 100 controls matched to age, gender, presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and alcohol use were selected. Data on socioeconomic status, medical co-morbidities, smoking/alcohol/caffeinated drink use and sleep history was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Data was analysed using online statistical calculators on www.socscistatistics.com......

Key words:Acute myocardial infarction;Case-control study; India;Risk; Sleep.

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[3]. Akerstedt T, Nilsson PM. Sleep as restitution: an introduction. Journal of Internal Medicine 2003; 254: 6–12.
[4]. Ekstedt M, Akerstedt T, Söderström M. Microarousals during sleep are associated with increased levels of lipids, cortisol, and blood pressure. Psychosom Med. 2004 Nov-Dec;66(6):925-31.

Abstract: Objective: To compare 3% hypertonic saline and normal saline when given with L-epinephrine nebulisation in the management of infants with moderate to severe Bronchiolitis. Study design and setting: Randomized controlled trial at a tertiary care teaching hospital (NMCH, Patna) over a period of 1.5 years. Participants: Hospitalized infants aged 6-12 months with bronchiolitis of moderate to severe severity. Intervention: Nebulization of 2 ml of 3% hypertonic saline alongwith 2 ml L-epinephrine (HS Group) or 2 mL of 0.9% saline along with 2 ml L-epinephrine (NS Group) Results: The two groups didn't differ significantly in their baseline characteristics. Mean clinical severity score at admission was 5.97 (SD=1.52) in HS group and 6.1 (SD=1.68) in NS group.....

Keywords: clinical severity score, 3% saline, epinephrine, normal saline, nebulization, length of stay. Abbreviations: AAP: American Academy of Pediatrics; CSS: clinical severity score; LOS: Length of stay; NS: Normal saline; SpO2: Oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry; HR:Heart rate; RR: Respiratory rate.

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[2]. Hasegawa K, Tsugawa Y, Brown DF, Mansbach JM, Camargo CA Jr. Temporal trends in emergency department visits for bronchiolitis in United States, 2006 to 2010. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014;33(1):11-18
[3]. Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, Alverson BK, Baley JE, Gadomski AM, et al. American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics. 2014;134:e1474–502.
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[5]. Simşek-Kiper PO, Kiper N, Hasçelik G, Dolgun A, Yalçin E, Doğru-Ersöz D, et al. Emergency room management of acute bronchiolitis: a randomized trial of nebulized epinephrine. Turk J Pediatr. 2011;53:651–60

Abstract: Periodontitis is inflammation of supporting tissues of the teeth, it causes destructive change that leads to loss of bone and periodontal ligament. Gingival overgrowth is increase in the size of gingiva. Gingival overgrowth may be associated with hormonal, nutritional imbalance or other local factors and systemic diseases. Plasma cell gingivitis is a condition that is clinically characterized by diffuse reddening and edematous swelling of gingiva. A non-smoker systemically healthy 35-year-old female patient reported with the chief complaint of swollen gums since 3 years. Clinically patient presented with generalized gingival overgrowth and was diagnosed as a stage IV grade 'C' periodontitis. Surgical periodontal....

Key Words: Periodontitis, gingival overgrowth, plasma cell gingivitis

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Abstract: Prolactin (PRL) is a pituitary hormone known to control the initiation and maintenance of lactation. However, as the PRL receptor is expressed in various tissues and cells such as endometrium, the prostate,pancreatic islets, and adipocytes, PRL is also involved in various other physiological functions including metabolism. Experimental studies indicated that PRL has effects on food intake, body weight gain, and insulin resistance via inhibiting adiponectin and IL-6 production. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 113 patients with hyperprolactinaemia, which had been diagnosed at Department of general medicine Mean serum prolactin level was found to be higher in non-diabetic subjects as compared to diabetic patients. This difference was found to be statistically significant (p=0.001). The mean HbA1C (%) values tends to decrease with increasing serum prolactin quartiles. The difference between the serum prolactin quartiles was found to be statistically significant.

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Abstract: Keratoconus is a fairly frequent progressive corneal dystrophy involving the stroma, crosslinking is one of the therapeutic means making it possible to slow or stop the progression of the disease, several techniques: EPITHELIUM-ON, EPITHELIUM-OFF OR by iontophoresis. The aim of our work is to assess the effectiveness of crosslinking without removal of the epithelium (EPITHELIUM-ON) in the treatment of keratoconus

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Abstract: Ovarian cancer is 6th most common cancer among women and 7th leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide . About 80% of ovarian tumours are benign. Mostly in between 20 and 45 years whereas borderline tumours occur at slightly older age.(9)

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