iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug. 2020

Abstract: Liver disease is the single greatest cause of non-AIDS related death in patients with HIV disease accounting for a greater proportion of deaths than cardiovascular disease or non AIDS related cancers. Nearly half of deaths among hospitalized HIV infected patients in the HAART era have been attributed to liver disease.Thishospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in a diagnosed cases of HIV infected patient admitted in the Department of Medicine and Centre of Excellence (CoE ) ART Centre, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal for a period of 2 years. Our aim of the study is to find out the prevalence of liver disorder(s) in association with HIV.....

[1]. Cappell MS. Hepatobiliary manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 1991 Jan;86(1):1-15.
[2]. Lefkowitch JH. Pathology of AIDS-related liver disease. Dig Dis 1994 Nov-Dec;12(6):321-30.
[3]. Palella FJJ, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, Loveless MO, Fuhrer J, Satten GA, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Eng J Med 1998 Mar;338(13):853-60.
[4]. Weber R, Sabin CA, Friis-Moller N, Reiss P, El-Sadr WM, Kirk O, et al. Liver-related deaths in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: the D:A:D study.Arch Intern Med 2006 Aug;166(15):1632-41.
[5]. PalellaJr FJ, Baker RK, Moorman AC. Mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: changing causes of death and disease in the HIV outpatient study. J Acquir Immune DeficSyndr 2006 Sep;43(1):27-34

Abstract: Introduction: India is among the countries that carry the highest burden for tuberculosis. Antitubercular drugs are frequently associated with ocular toxicity. Among ATT, ethambutol is the most commonly implicated drug causing optic neuropathy. For assessing spectrum of ATT induced ocular toxicity, clinical presentation, monitoring, and preventive measures a prospective observational follow up study was conducted. Methods:Newly diagnosed drug susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis patientsreferred to ophthalmology OPD during a study period from May 2018 - October 2019 at a tertiary care hospital. The detailed history, best corrected visual acuity, fundus examination, color vision test and visual fields were carried out in all patients at the start of treatment and thereafter every month up to 6 months after initiation of ATT. Results:During six month follow up study......

Key Words: Tuberculosis, Ethambutol, Optic neuropathy, Visual field defects, Colour vision

[1]. Jorgensen JH, Turnidge JD. Antimicrobial agents and susceptibility testing. In: Murray PR, editor. Manual of clinical microbiology. 7th ed. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 1995; p. 1497–1662.
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[3]. Carr RE, Henkind P. Ocular manifestations of ethambutol: Toxic amblyopia after administration of an experimental antituberculosis drug. Archives of ophthalmology. 1962 May 1;67(5):566-71.
[4]. Kokkada SB, Barthakur R, Natarajan M, Palaian S, Chhetri AK, Mishra P. Ocular side effects of antitubercular drugs-a focus on prevention, early detection and management. Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ). 2005;3(4):438-41.
[5]. Citron KM and Thomas GO. Ocular toxicity from ethambutol. Thorax. 1986; 41(10): 737–39..

Abstract: Purpose: To study Interocular variation in RNFL thickness of the natives of high altitude versus low altitude in the hilly terrain of Himachal Pradesh. Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted from July2017 to June2018 in the ophthalmology department at Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla. Total of 200 healthy subjects underwent retinal nerve fibre layer thickness analysis by Spectral domain OCT. Of the 200 subjects, 100 subjects residing at a height, greater than 2000m above the sea level were included in the study group (cases), 100 subjects residing at a height of less than 2000m above the sea level were included in the control group. Results: The study population consisted of.....

[1]. Budenz DL, Anderson DR, Varma R, Schuman J, Cantor L, Savell J, et al. Determinants of Normal Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measured by Stratus OCT. Ophthalmology. 2007 Jun;114(6):1046–52.
[2]. Mansoori T, Viswanath K, Balakrishna N. Quantification of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in normal Indian population. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2012 Dec;60(6):555–8.
[3]. Ellerton JA, Zuljan I, Agazzi G, Boyd JJ. Eye Problems in Mountain and Remote Areas: Prevention and Onsite Treatment—Official Recommendations of the International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine ICAR MEDCOM. Wilderness Environ Med. 2009 May 27;20(2):169–75.
[4]. Kansal V, Armstrong JJ, Pintwala R, Hutnik C. Optical coherence tomography for glaucoma diagnosis: An evidence based meta-analysis. PLOS ONE. 2018 Jan 4;13(1):e0190621.
[5]. Budenz DL. Symmetry Between the Right and Left Eyes of the Normal Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography (An AOS Thesis). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2008 Dec;106:252–75..

Abstract: Purpose: To study intraocular pressure of natives of high altitude versus low altitude at Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla in the hilly terrain of Himachal Pradesh. Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted from July2017 to June2018 in the ophthalmology department at Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla. Total of 200 healthy subjects underwent IOP measurement using Huvitz non contact tonometer. Of the 200 subjects, 100 subjects residing at a height, greater than 2000m above the sea level were included in the study group (cases), 100 subjects residing at a height of less than 2000m above the sea level were included in the control group. Results: The study population consisted of 200 healthy subjects from 30 to 69 years of age. There were 49 males and 51 females were in the both the groups....

Key words: intraocular pressure, IOP, Huvitz non contact tonometer, tonometry

[1]. Jonas JB, Wang N, Yang D, Ritch R, Panda-Jonas S. Facts and myths of cerebrospinal fluid pressure for the physiology of the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2015;46:67–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.preteyeres.2015.01.002. A comprehensive review on the influence of ICP on the physiology of the eye.
[2]. Ahmad J, Khan MR, Azhar MN, Arain TM, Qazi ZA. Accuracy of IOP measured by non-contact (Air-Puff) tonometer compared with Goldmannapplanation tonometer. Pak J Ophthalmol2014;30:20-3.
[3]. Mahar P.S, Shahzad MA. Glaucoma Burden in a Public Sector Hospital. Pak J Ophthalmol. 2008;24(3):112-8
[4]. Yang HS, Lee J and Choi S. Ocular biometric parameters associated with intraocular pressure reduction after cataract surgery in normal eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 2013; 156(1): 89–94.
[5]. Shah MA, Bin Saleem K, Mehmood T. Intraocular pressure measurement: Goldmann Applanation Tonometer vs non contactairpuff tonometer. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2012;24(3–4):21–24

Abstract: Appearance of facial wrinkles is considered as a sign of aging. Inability to reverse facial skin aging can have deleterious effects on the mental health of a person oriented towards maintaining ones aesthetic appearance. Health-care workers have been using N95 masks when they are inside the hospital premises treating patients for hours. Owing to these long shifts and inability to remove the mask during the working hours, a serious amount of damage is being caused to the facial skin due to the continual use of masks. It may not be wrong to consider the possibility that facial distortion due to the continuous and repetitive use of N95 masks only results in mask wrinkles, but it may also contribute to overall facial aging. Compression of the skin inside the N95 mask as a result of the tight seal, and facial movements can increase the appearance of new fine lines and their subsequent deepening. The following article discusses the potential facial distortion that can be caused by the continual use of N95 masks during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Key words: Facial wrinkles, N95 surgicalrespirator, Covid19 pandemic, Facialdistortion

[1]. Kazanci A, Kurus M, Atasever A. Analyses of changes on skin by aging. Skin Res Technol. 2016;23(1):48–60
[2]. Puizina-Ivić N. Skin aging. ActaDermatovenerol Alp PannonicaAdriat. 2008;17(2):47-54.
[3]. Anson G, Kane MA, Lambros V. Sleep Wrinkles: Facial Aging and Facial Distortion During Sleep. AesthetSurg J. 2016;36(8):931-940. doi:10.1093/asj/sjw074
[4]. Choi JW, Kwon SH, Huh CH, Park KC, Youn SW. The influences of skin visco-elasticity, hydration level and aging on the formation of wrinkles: a comprehensive and objective approach. Skin Res Technol. 2013;19(1):e349-e355. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.2012.00650.x
[5]. Cosgrove MC, Franco OH, Granger SP, Murray PG, Mayes AE. Dietary nutrient intakes and skin-aging appearance among middle-aged American women [published correction appears in Am J ClinNutr. 2008 Aug;88(2):480]. Am J ClinNutr. 2007;86(4):1225-1231. doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.4.1225.

Abstract: Objectives: Our primary objectives is to evaluate the Patwardhan,s method in 2nd stage cesarean section in the form of the extension of uterine incision and secondary aim is to evaluate of maternal and fetal outcome in the form of – total operative time, mean blood loss, blood transfusion, infection rate and birth asphyxia and NICU admission. Study design: This is a prospective study conducted at the Department of obstetrics & Gynecology, BS Medical College, Bankura, India. One hundred ninety two women with single alive fetus with cephalic presentation at late stage of labour when head is deep in pelvis and needed emergency caesarean section were included in this study during February 2019 to January 2020. Ninety six women in the study group were delivered by Patawardhan,s technique and 96 women in the control group were delivered by available push / pull technique according to surgeon's choice.............

Key words: Cesarean section / Deeply impacted fetal head / Patwardhan,s method

[1]. Betrán AP, Merialdi M, Lauer JA, Bing‐Shun W, Thomas J, Look P, et al. Rates of caesarean section: analysis of global, regional and national estimates. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2007; 21:98‐113. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [2]. YB Jeve, OB Navti, JC Konje. Comparison of techniques used to deliver a deeply impacted fetal head at full dilation: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. 24 august2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.13593
[3]. Rodriguez AI, Porter KB, O‟Brien WF. Blunt versus sharp expansion of the uterine incision in low-segment transverse caesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 171:1022-25.
[4]. Pradip Kumar Saha, Richa Gulati, Poonam Goel, Rimpy Tandon, and Anju Huria. Second Stage Caesarean Section: Evaluation of Patwardhan Technique. Published online 12 Jan 2014 . doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/6709.3782.
[5]. Ziyauddin Farah, Hakim Seema, Khan Tamkin. Delivery of the deeply engaged fetal head during cesarean section in advanced labour: A comparative study of head pushing versus reverse breech extraction. Cur Pediatr Res 2013; 17 (1): 41 – 43..

Abstract: Background: The role of health care seeking behaviour (HCSB) of patients in the treatment and cureof diseases has been well established. Addressing negative care seeking behaviours which hinder adequate TB contact tracing, treatment and cure requires a proper understanding of the social and demographic factors underpinning such behaviours. Objective: The study examined the socio-demographic determinants of health care seeking behaviour of tuberculosis patients in South West, Nigeria. Materials and methods: The study was a descriptive survey conducted in South West Nigeria. Data was collected from 1,218patients diagnosed and initiated on anti-TB treatment in TB Centers in five Local Government Areas using a structured questionnaire..........

Key words: Socio-demographic, determinants, healthcare seeking behaviour, tuberculosis, Nigeria

[1]. Copenhagen Concensus Center, (2019). Nigeria Perspective: Tuberculosis. Assessed on October 13, 2020 from https://www.copenhagenconsensus.com/publication/nigeria-perspective-tuberculosis
[2]. World Health Organization (2014). Global tuberculosis control, epidemiology strategy and financing. Geneva: WHO.
[3]. Adepoju, P. (2020). Nigeria‟s widening tuberculosis gap. The Lancets InfectiousDiseases. Assessed on March 23, 2020 from www.thelancet.com/infection
[4]. Obiechina, G.O., Imogie, A. I., Ekenedo, G.O., (2013). Health care seeking behaviour of tuberculosis patients in Ibadan south-west Nigeria. International Journal of Current Research. 5, (10), 3172-3175.
[5]. Pushpalata, N. K. & Chandrika, K. B. (2017). Health care seeking behaviour – a theoretical perspective. Indian Journal of Research; 6, (1), 790 – 792.

Abstract: Background:Omphalocele and gastroschisis are the most common anterior abdominal wall defects. In developed countries, various methods ranging from primary closure to staged closure using preformed silo have been developed in managing ruptured omphalocele and gastroschisis with excellent results. in our setting, mortality is quite high. In a bid to improve our outcome, we adopted the use of femidom in place of urobag as silo. We hereby, present our experience with the use of femidom comparing it with our former urobag silo. Materials and methods: In this study, we collected data retrospectively for patients who were managed with urobag and prospectively for those managed using femidom. Patients were grouped into urobag group and femidom group for the purpose of analysis where outcomes were compared.........

Key words: Ruptured Omphalocele; Gastroschisis; Urobag; Femidom; Outcome

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Abstract: La maladie de Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) est une maladie de surcharge lysosomaleneuroviscérale, rare, autosomique récessive, dont la présentation clinique est hétérogène et varie selon l'âge de début. Chez l'enfant, on distingue les formes périnatales viscérales et les formes neurologiques infantiles précoces, infantiles tardives et juvéniles. L'atteinte neurologique est progressive et souvent aspécifique. La confirmation du diagnostic nécessite une culture de fibroblastes et l'étude moléculaire des gènes NPC1 et NPC2. L'approbation récente d'un traitement spécifique, qui réduit la progression de l'atteinte neurologique, rend essentiel un diagnostic précoce de NPC.

[1]. Marc C Patterson, MD, FRACP Overview of Niemann-Pick disease UpToDate Aug 02, 2016
[2]. Alejandro Santos-Lozano1,2*, Diana Villamandos García3*, Fabian Sanchis-Gomar1, Carmen Fiuza-Luces1, Helios Pareja-Galeano1, Nuria Garatachea1,4,5, Gisela Nogales Gadea6, Alejandro Lucia1,7 Niemann-Pick disease treatment: a systematic review of clinical trials Submitted Oct 30, 2015. Accepted for publication Nov 18, 2015
[3]. Wraith JE, Imrie J. New therapies in the management of Niemann-Pick type C disease: clinical utility of miglustat. TherClin Risk Manag 2009;5:877-87.
[4]. Carrie A. Grafft1, Fernando C. Fervenza1, Merfake H. Semret1, Sheldon Orloff2 and Sanjeev Sethi3 Renal involvement in Neimann-Pick Disease Advance Access publication 10 August 2009
[5]. Marie T. Vanier1,2 Maladie de Niemann-Pick type C : aspects historiques et actuels, diagnostic biochimique et génétique 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS.

Abstract: The cellulitis of the orbital region is defined by the presence of acute infectious inflammatory orbital swelling. It is a rare condition, but the high risk of serious complications requires early diagnosis and adequate treatment. We report a series of 15 patients, aged less than 15 years old collected between 2017, in whom the diagnosis of orbital cellulitis was retained on the elements of the clinic and imaging. They all benefited from radiological, biological and bacteriological explorations. The predominant etiological aspect was sinusitis. Identification of the germ was possible in 6 cases. The evolution after treatment was satisfying in all patients.

Keywords: cellulitis, children, orbit

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Abstract: Contexte : Depuis les années 2000, de nombreux cas de pollution environnementale (sol, air et cours d'eau) par les éléments traces métalliques (ETM) ont été documentés dans la ville de Lubumbashi.Cette étude visait à déterminer les concentrations sanguines des ETM et les coefficients de corrélation chez les accouchées et leurs nouveau-nés dans la ville de Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo. Méthode : Cette étude de cohorte prospective a été effectuée chez les accouchées exposées aux ETM dans la ville de Lubumbashi. Les ETM ont été dosés dans 756 échantillons de sang prélevés chez 378 accouchées et de 378 nouveau-nés recrutés consécutivement et volontairement. Le sang prélevé par ponction veineuse directe, a été conservé à – 10 0 C dans des tubes Eppendorf sans EDTA,

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Abstract: Liver is the second largest internal organ in the human body involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and also in the detoxification and purification of blood. It is also involved in the storage of essential nutrients like glycogen and vitamins A, D, E, K and B12. In man, the liver is essential for survival since there is currently no artificial organ or equipment that has the capacity to compensate for the absence of liver function [1].

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