iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2021

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A communicable disease known as COVID-19(SARs-CoV-2) has caused a worldwide Pandemic. To ultimately combat the rising COVID-19 Pandemic, it is the necessity of the hour to develop an effective and safe vaccine against this contagion. Vaccines usually need years of study and testing before being out there for the general population, however, in 2020, scientists commenced on a race to produce safe and effective coronavirus vaccines in record time. As the vaccination process has been started recently, very little is known regarding the real world post-vaccination experience outside.....

Keywords: COVID-19, Myths, Post-vaccination symptoms, COVID-19 Vaccination, Vaccine hesitancy, Vaccine safety.

[1]. Paterson P, Meurice F, Stanberry LR, Glismann S, Rosenthal SL, Larson HJ, et al. Vaccine hesitancy and healthcare providers. Vaccine. 2016 Dec 20;34(52):6700-6706. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.042
[2]. Clem AS. Fundamentals of vaccine immunology. J Glob Infect Dis. 2011 Jan;3(1):73-8. doi: 10.4103/0974-777X.77299.
[3]. Sallam M, et al. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Worldwide: A Concise Systematic Review of Vaccine Acceptance Rates. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Feb 16;9(2):160. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9020160.
[4]. El Yousfi M, Mercier S, Breuillé D, Denis P, Papet I, Mirand PP, Obled C, et al. The inflammatory response to vaccination is altered in the elderly. Mech Ageing Dev. 2005 Aug;126(8):874-81. doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2005.03.008.
[5]. Castells MC, Phillips EJ,et al. Maintaining Safety with SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines. N Engl J Med. 2021 Feb 18;384(7):643-649. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2035343.

Abstract: Lipoma is one of the most common soft tissue tumor. It can very rarely present in other solid organs. The diagnosis is purely pathological since preoperatively it is very difficult to diagnose. We report a case of 60 year old patient with complaint of vague lower abdomen pain who was diagnosed with an ovarian mass on CT scan. Postoperatively the mass was found to be a Pure lipoma of the myometrium......

[1]. Bandhopadhyay A, Ray S, Bera P, Gangopadhyay M. Calcified pure uterine lipoma mimicking myoma.J.Turkish German Gynecol Assoc 2010:11:113-4.
[2]. Columbaras M, Validire P, Strauss C, Herry M, Dahan H, Palau R. Uterine Lipoma.MRI features with pathologic correlation.Abdom Imaging 2005:30:239-41
[3]. Dodd GD 3rd, Budzik RF jr. Lipomatous uterine tumours- diagnosis by ultrasound, CT and MR. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1990; 14: 629-632)
[4]. ( Resta L, Mairano E, Piscitelli D, Lipomatous tuours of uterus. Clinicopathological features of 10 cases with immunocytochemical study of histogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 1994; 190 (4):378-383)
[5]. Ch-Yeung Chu,Yip-kan Tang, Yu-Hon Wan,Tin Sang Augustine Chan, Yu Hon Wan , Kai-Hung Fung. Diagnostic challenge of lipomatous uterine tumors in three patients. World J Radiol.2012.February 28:4(2):58-62.doi:10.4329/wjr.v4.l2.58

Abstract: Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the major cause of morbidity and major cause of deafness. Surgical management of mucosal type of chronic suppurative otitis media is tympanoplasty. Tympanoplasty is a surgical technique used to restore the integrity of tympanic membrane or/and repair the damage of middle ear diseases. There are two main techniques of tympanoplasty.1) underlay 2) onlay. Objective of the study is to compare the outcome of techniques of tympanoplasty techniques in the form of graft uptake rate and gain in hearing. Methods: It is a retrospective study which was conducted in between June 2017 to Dec 2019 among 50 patients of suspected chronic otitis........

Keywords: Tympanoplasty, chronic otitis media , onlay , underlay, temporalis fascia

[1]. Scott Brown's Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, ED 7th Vol. 03: Page 3105-10, 3120-23, 3173-90, 3396-3430.
[2]. Glasscock-Shambaugh's Surgery of the Ear, ED 6th: Page 07-15, 29-40, 53-68, 73-82, 465-485.
[3]. P. L. Dhingra's Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat, ED 5th : Page 03-14, 16-20,77-82.
[4]. Cummings Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ED 6th, Vol 02, Page 1977-90, 2027-30, 2140-50, 2180-86.
[5]. Austin DF: Sound conduction of the diseased ear. Journal of Laryngology and otology 1978; 92: 367-393.

Abstract: Background: The Covid 19 pandemic has been impacting the world since the beginning of 2020 and two waves of Covid 19 outbreak have hit many countries. Now a days India is in second wave of Covid 19 with second highest number of cases and third highest number of deaths in the world. Maharashtra, India's second most populous and wealthiest state, tops the list of most affected states in country on 22 April 2021. Materials and Methods This hospital based descriptive study was conducted to understand the difference in epidemiological factors of cases.....

Keywords: Covid19, First wave, Second wave

[1]. Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O'Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Iosifidis C and Agha R, 2020. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery, 76, pp.71-76.
[2]. Emmerich F. Comparisons between the Neighboring States of Amazonas and Pará in Brazil in the Second Wave of COVID-19 Outbreak and a Possible Role of Early Ambulatory Treatment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(7):3371.
[3]. [Internet]. Mohfw.gov.in. 2021 [cited 8 May 2021]. Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/coronvavirushelplinenumber.pdf
[4]. Jasanoff S, Hilgartner S, James W, White l. LEARNING FROM COVID-19: A 23-Nation Comparative Study of COVID-19 Response, with Lessons for the Future of Public Health. 2021. 1–10 p.
[5]. Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, Antonelli M et al. Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICU of the Lombardy Region, Italy.JAMA.2020;323(16):1574-1581

Abstract: Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis is an uncommon condition with diverse clinical features. It is a cause of stroke affecting young people preferably females and it is usually overlooked. Although the clinical features are very much confusing, it affects 5 people per million annually and accounts for 0.5% to 1% of all strokes. It is more common in young women frequently during the pregnancy and pueperium. There are many studies implicating oral contraceptives and various coagulation disorders as the cause of CVST. It may present as headache, seizures or focal neurological deficits. Sometimes pappilledema may be the only sign. Its etiology and pathology has not been.....

Keywords: Cerebral Venous Sinus Thronbosis; Headache ,Seizure, Pappiloedema. NECT- NON enhanced CT scan , CECT contrast enhanced CT scan , MR Venogram; Superior Sagittal Sinus;

[1]. Coutinho JM. Cerebral venous thrombosis. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2015 Jun;13:S238-44.
[2]. Singh A, Jain R, Chouksey D, Sodani A. CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF OUTCOME IN CEREBRAL VENOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. Romanian Journal of Neurology. 2020 Oct 1;19(4).
[3]. Ungersböck K, Heimann A, Kempski O. Cerebral blood flow alterations in a rat model of cerebral sinus thrombosis. Stroke. 1993 Apr;24(4):563-9.
[4]. Rajendran A, Bose JA, Ponnu SD, Jayasankar VR, Shameer P. Clinical and Etiological Profile of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis.
[5]. Idiculla PS, Gurala D, Palanisamy M, Vijayakumar R, Dhandapani S, Nagarajan E. Cerebral venous thrombosis: A comprehensive review. European Neurology. 2020;83(4):369-79

Abstract: A peritoneal simple mesothelial cyst is a very rare mesenteric cyst. Though the lesion being generally asymptomatic, it usually ranges between a few centimeters to10 cm; however, occasionally it presents with various, non-specific symptoms, which makes correct pre-operative diagnosis difficult. We present a case of a giant peritoneal simple mesothelial cyst that was successfully managed by complete surgical excision without any known intra and post operative surgical complications.

Keywords: mesenteric cyst, peritoneal simple mesothelial cyst

[1]. De Perrot M, Brudler M, Totsch M, Mentha G, Morel P: Mesenteric cyst. Toward less confusion? Dig Surg 2000, 17:323-328.
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[3]. Stoupis C, Ros PR, Abbitt PL, Burton SS, Gauger J: Bubbles in the belly: imaging of cystic mesenteric or omental masses. Radiographics 1994, 14:729-737.
[4]. Miljković D, Gmijović D, Radojković M, Gligorijević J, Radovanović Z: Mesenteric cysts. Arch Oncol 2007, 15:91-93.
[5]. Patel A, Lefemine V, Ramanand BS: A rare case of a peritoneal cyst arising from the falciform ligament. Cases J 2009, 2:134.
[6]. Fernandez Ramos J, Vazquez Rueda F, Azpilicueta Idarreta M, Diaz Aguilar C: Mesothelial giant cyst of great omentum. An Pediatr (Barc) 2009, 71:180-181..

Abstract: This research paper aims to find out the social, economic and demographic factors that affect the incidence of unintended pregnancies among women in the Indian state of Gujarat. It also examines the effects of unintended pregnancies on the health of the parents, the health of the child and on the rearing and development of the child. The study began with an in-depth literature review about unintended pregnancies and its effects on parental health and the health and development of the child, based on existing research world-wide and in India. Considering the stigma associated with unintended pregnancies, a survey of doctors and social workers who work with pregnant women having unintended pregnancies was deemed the most suitable for collection of data. The scope of the study was limited.......

Keywords: unintended pregnancies, India, parental health, child health, child development,

[1]. Abbasi, S., Chuang, C. H., Dagher, R., Zhu, J., & Kjerulff, K. (2013). "Unintended pregnancy and postpartum depression among first-time mothers." Journal of Women's Health, 22, 412–416.
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[3]. Bahk, J., Yun, S.C., Kim, Y.M., and Khang, Y.H. (2015). "Impact of unintended pregnancy on maternal mental health: A causal analysis using follow up data of the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC)," BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 15(1):85.
[4]. Barker DJ, Osmond C. (1986). "Infant mortality, childhood nutrition, and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales." Lancet, 1(8489):1077-1081.
[5]. Bauer, N. S., Ofner, S., Pottenger, A., Carroll, A. E., & Downs, S. M. (2017). "Follow-up of mothers with suspected postpartum depression from pediatrics clinics." Frontiers in Paediatrics, 5, 212

Abstract: Background: Pterygium is a degenerative ocular surface disorder which can alter vision with its progressive growth. In this study we aim to evaluate the effect of surgical excision of a progressive pterygium using conjuctival autografting by two different methods (sutures and fibrin glue) on vision and refraction of patients. Material and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 100 eyes of 100 patients visiting the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College Srinagar over a period of two years. Patients were randomly allocated in two groups (Group S and Group FG) and preoperative assessment including uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical error and cylindrical error were noted. 50 patients underwent pterygium.......

Keywords: Pterygium, UCVA, BCVA, cylindrical error, spherical error, conjuctival autografting

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[3]. Ozdemir M, Cinal A. Early and late effects of pterygium surgery on corneal topography. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2005; 36: 4
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[5]. Errais K, Bouden J, Mili-Boussen I, et al. Effect of pterygium surgery on corneal topography. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2008;18: 177-181..

Abstract: Background: Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is one of the few potentially modifiable predictors of outcomes of schizophrenia. It has been postulated that a longer DUP leads to a poorer prognosis and outcome might be improved through earlier detection and treatment
Aims: To analyze the associations between DUP and short-term outcome in schizophrenia. Methodology: Consecutive patients fulfilling the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria for schizophrenia who were never treated before were considered for the study. Socio demographic details were noted and data relating to the onset of psychosis were collated from interviews with the patient and a close relative of the patient. The patients......

Keywords: Schizophrenia, Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP), Outcome

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Abstract: Background and Aims: The objective is to compare the efficacy of addition of dexmedetomidine or fentanyl to bupivacaine in sensory and motor blockade duration, two segment regression and time of first analgesic requirement. Use of low-dose spinal anaesthesia is advantageous in elderly as it reduces the hemodynamic and heart rate variability. Methods: sixty patients are randomly allocated into two Group F: received 12.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine along with 25mcg fentanyl; Group D: received 12.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine along with 5 mcg of dexmedetomidine. Data between the 2 groups were compared and analysed using ANOVA test and chi square test. Results: All 60patients completed the study. Mean duration of analgesia was 201.16±8.49 (Group F), 303±35.38 min (Group D) , .Time to complete motor recovery was 188min (Group F) and 367 min (Group D) and 239+/-61.71min (Group F). Conclusion: Addition of fentanyl (25μg) or dexmedetomidine (5 μg) to intrathecal bupivacaine for lower abdominal surgery prolongs the time to the first analgesic request.

Keywords: Anaesthesia, fentanyl, dexmedetomidine, intrathecal

[1]. Gupta R, Verma R, Bogra .J, Kohli M, Raman R, Kushwaha1 J. A Comparativ Study of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl as Adjuvant. Journal of Anesthesiol Clinical Pharmacolol 2011;27930:339-43.
[2]. Al-Ghanem SM, Massad IM, Al-Mustafa MM, Al-Zaben K, Qudaisat IY, Qatawneh AM, et al. Effect of Adding Dexmedetomidine versus Fentanyl to Intrathecal Bupivacaine on Spinal Block Characteristics in Gynecological Procedure: A Double Blind Controlled Study. American Journal of Applied Science 2009;6(5):882-7.
[3]. Al-Mustafa MM, Abu-Halaweh SA, Aloweidi AS, Murshidi MM, Ammari BA, Awwad ZM, et al. Effect of Dexmedetomidine added to spinal bupivacaine for urological procedure. Saudi Med J. 2009;30:365-70.
[4]. Kanazi GE, Aouad MT, Jabbour-Khoury SI, Al Jazzar MD, Alameddine MM, Al- Yaman R, et al. Effect of low-dose Dexmedetomidine or clonidine on the characteristics of bupivacaine spinal block. Acta Anesthesiol Scand 2006; 50:222-7.
[5]. Tarbeeh GA, Mohamed AA. Effect of intrathecal bupivacaine- Fentanyl versus bupivacaine Dexmedetomidine in diabetic patients. Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia 2013;29(1):13-18.