iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2021

Abstract: INTRODUCTION- The probability for occurrence to foot ulcers are being predicted to 5-10% of the diabetic population, for lower limb amputation it is to about 3%. People having diabetes further developing foot ulcers as a cause of sensory, motor, automatic deficient (neuropathy)........

Keywords: Gangrene, Diabetic foot, debridement, dressings

[1]. Abbott, C. A., Chatwin, K. E., Foden, P., Hasan, A. N., Sange, C., Rajbhandari, S. M., & Reeves, N. D. (2019). Innovative intelligent insole system reduces diabetic foot ulcer recurrence at plantar sites: a prospective, randomised, proof-of-concept study. The Lancet Digital Health, 1(6), e308- e318.
[2]. Abdulrazak, A., Bitar, Z. I., Al-Shamali, A. A., & Mobasher, L. A. (2005). Bacteriological study of diabetic foot infections. Journal of diabetes and its complications, 19(3), 138-141.
[3]. Ahuja, M. M. S., Sivaji, L., Garg, V. K., & Mitroo, P. (1991). Prevalence of diabetes in northern India (Delhi area). Hormone and metabolic research, 4(05), 321-324. Anand, P., Terenghi, G., Warner, G., Kopelman, P., Williams-Chestnut, R. E., & Sinicropi, D. V. (1996). The role of endogenous nerve growth factor in human diabetic neuropathy. Nature medicine, 2(6), 703-707.
[4]. Anandi, C., Alaguraja, D., Natarajan, V., Ramanathan, M., Subramaniam, C. S., Thulasiram, M., & Sumithra, S. (2004). Bacteriology of diabetic foot lesions. Indian journal of medical microbiology, 22(3), 175.
[5]. Anandi, C., Alaguraja, D., Natarajan, V., Ramanathan, M., Subramaniam, C. S., Thulasiram, M., & Sumithra, S. (2004). Bacteriology of diabetic foot lesions. Indian journal of medical microbiology, 22(3), 175.

Abstract: Burns is a major health problem all over the world. Placental extract dressing and collagen sheet dressing are two modalities of treatment in burns management. In a prospective study comprising of 100 patients in a tertiary care hospital, we compared the efficacy of placental extract dressings with collagen sheet dressing. The baseline characteristics like age, sex burns percentage etc. were comparable in both groups with 50 patients each The outcomes were significantly better in the placental extract group with lesser infections, better scars, lesser hospital stay and overall better treatment outcomes.

Keywords: Placental extract, Collagen sheet, Partial thickness burns, Infection, Scar.

[1]. Practical Handbook on Burns Management, NPPMRBI, MOHFW,
GOI. Published date: Sep 06, 2016, Published by: Zahid, Created / Validated by: Dr.ArunaRastogi.
[2]. PiyaliDattaChakraboty and Debashish Bhattacharya. Aqueous Extract of Human Placenta, Recent Advances in Research on the Human Placenta, Dr. Jing Zheng (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0194-9, InTech, DOI: 10.5772 / 31669. Available from; http://www.intechopen.com/books/recentadvances - in- research- on- the -humanplacenta/aqueous-extract-of-human-placentaas-a-therapeutic-agent [3]. Gupta RL, Boo-Chai K. Role of collagen sheet covers in burns- A clinical study. Indian Journal Of Surgery1978; 40:646. [4]. Demling RH, Desanti L. Management of partial thickness facial burns (Comparison of topical antibiotics and bioengineered skin substitutes). J Burn Care and Rehabilitation1999: 25:256.
[5]. Tiwari V K. Burn wound: How it differs from other wounds. Indian J Plast surg. 2012 May-Aug; 45(2): 364-373

Abstract: Background: Thyroid eye disease represents an organ-specific autoimmune process that is usually associated with thyroid disease. Graves' disease is the most common thyroid abnormality associated with thyroid eye disease. Aim: This study was conducted for the profile of ocular manifestation in Thyroid Eye Disease (TED). Method and Materials: A cross-sectional study of 117 cases of thyroid dysfunction was carried out at Ophthalmology Department of Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College,Jhansi out of which 84 (71.79%) cases had ocular manifestation. They were evaluated and analyzed in detail and the characteristics documented included patient's demography, ocular and systemic history and as well as ocular examination and some of the systemic and laboratory findings......

Keywords: Thyroid Eye Disease, Ocular Manifestation

[1]. Hall, J. (2011) Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th Edition, Saunders/Elsevier, Philadelphia, 907.
[2]. Boron, W.F. and Boulapep, E.L. (2012) Medical Physiology. 2nd Edition, Saunders, Philadelphia, 1052.
[3]. Tomer, Y. and Huber, A. (2009) The Etiology of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Story of Genes and Environment. Journal of Autoimmunity, 32, 231-239.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2009.02.007
[4]. Unnikrishnan, A.G., Kalra, S., Sahay, R.K., Bantwal, G., John, M. and Tewari, N. (2013) Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Adults: An Epidemiological Study in Eight Cities of India. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 17, 647-652. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.113755
[5]. Mahato, R.V., Jha, B., Singh, K.P., Yadav, B.K., Shah, S.K. and Lamsa, M. (2005) Status of Thyroid Disorders in Central Nepal: A Tertiary Care Hospital Based Study. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 3, 119-122.

Abstract: Background: Periodontal pathogens like Aggregatibactor Actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas Gingivalis, and Prevotella Intermedia etc. are considered to be the primary etiologic factors for the periodontal diseases. Chlorhexidine is an antimicrobial agent considered to be gold standard which has a broad antibacterial activity and is normally used for chemical plaque control. But chlorhexidine is known to cause staining when used for a longer time. Hence other agents with herbal contents are being researched that can be used on regular basis........

Keywords: Citrus sinensis extract, chlorhexidine, Antibacterial, Minimum inhibitory concentrations, Minimum Bactericidal concentrations, Zone of Inhibition.

[1]. Holt SC, Ebersole JL. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia: the 'red complex', a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis. Periodontology 2000. 2005 J;38(1):72-122.
[2]. Jones CG. Chlorhexidine: is it still the gold standard. Periodontology 2000. 1997 Oct 1;15:55-62.
[3]. Lawal D, Bala JA, Aliyu SY, Huguma MA. Phytochemical screening and in vitro anti-bacterial studies of the ethanolic extract of Citrus senensis (Linn.) peel against some clinical bacterial isolates. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies. 2013 2;2(2):138-45.
[4]. Yi TL, Shah M, Raulji D, Dave D. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of coffee extract and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash on the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: an in vitro study. Advances in Human Biology. 2016 1;6(2):99.
[5]. Eloff JN. Which extractant should be used for the screening and isolation of antimicrobial components from plants?. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 1998 1;60(1):1-8.

Abstract: Since the COVID pandemic surgical safety protocols in all aspects of pre, intra and post operative phase . Hence an observational study to process the new norm of surgical protocols in the COVID times at a tertiary center is the need of time,so as to understand, refine and redefine the pathways of approach to surgical patients in this situation.Hence such a study was done in Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital to understand,refine and redefine SOP (standard operating procedure).The objective of the study was to observe the Precautionary measures taken by the surgical department since the COVID pandemic and the extent to which it was followed. The COVID staff was monitored for 20 surgical cases.It was observed that in 19 out of 20 cases the SOP issued by the administration was followed.The Surgeons had 100% compliance with the SOP right from the OPD till the Post op care and had a lesser infection rate.Wearing PPE kit, hand hygiene, social distancing was done by staffs of all levels.The use of face shields was about 50% among the Group D staff,which had a higher rate of infection.

Keywords: COVID infection, Standard operating procedure

[1]. Prakash, L., Dhar, S.A. & Mushtaq, M. COVID-19 in the operating room: a review of evolving safety protocols. Patient Saf Surg 14, 30 (2020).
[2]. Coimbra R, Edwards S, Kurihara H, et al. European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) recommendations for trauma and emergency surgery preparation during times of COVID-19 infection. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2020;46(3):505-510.
[3]. Steward JE, Kitley WR, Schmidt CM, Sundaram CP. Urologic Surgery and COVID-19: How the Pandemic Is Changing the Way We Operate. J Endourol. 2020;34(5):541-549.

Abstract: We report the case of a 31-year-old man with no medical or surgical history, who was admitted to the emergency room after an acute sudden periombilicalabdominal pain, who revealed a transmesenteric intern hernia. An abdominal CT scan revealed a small bowel dilatation, upstream of a hernia sac containing dilated loops with an absent enhancement of bowel walls. The patient underwent a surgical intervention who confirmed the radiological report. The surgery consisted in a midline laparotomy, which revealed 30 cm of gangrenous small bowel herniating through a small bowel mesenteric defect. The hernia was reduced, the gangrenous small bowel resected and a primary side to side anastomosis performed.We present this case to focus on transmesenteric hernia as a rare etiology of small bowel obstruction and highlight the importance of CT scan results as a main diagnosis tool that can improve the management of this emergency.

[1]. F. Borie a, F. Guillon b, S. Aufort c, Occlusions intestinales aiguës de l'adulte: diagnostic, EMC, 06/02/09, 9-044-A-10.
[2]. J. Mathias, I. Phi, O. Bruot, P.-A. Ganne, V. Laurent, D. Regent , EMC, hernies internes, radiodiagnostic ; appareil digestif.2008 33-015-A-37.
[3]. Malit M., Burjonrappa S. Congenital mesenteric defect: description of a rare cause of distal intestinal obstruction in a neonate. International Journal of Surgery and Case Report. 2012;3:121–123.
[4]. Jung P, Kim MD, Ryu TH, Choi SH, Kim HS, Lee KH, et al. . Transmesocolic hernia with strangulation in a patient without surgical history: case report. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:1997–9 [5]. Karim IbnMajdoub Hassani,1,& Younes Aggouri,1 Said Ait laalim,1 Imane Toughrai,1 Khalid Mazaz, Left paraduodenal hernia: A rare cause of acute abdomen, PAMJ, 27/03/2014; 25170374

Abstract: Background: 1.7 to 35.8% of deliveries complicated by meconium aspiration syndromes. meconium stained fluid is aspirated by the fetus before or during birth, meconium can obstruct the airways, cause inflammation, interfere with surfactant function and cause respiratory difficulties resulting in meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). Transcervical infusion of saline into amniotic cavity or amnioinfusion has been proposed as a method to reduce the risk of the meconium aspiration syndrome. Methods: The study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and gynecology in S.N.Medical college,jodhpur. It was a prospective comparative evaluation of two groups of 100 women one group receiving amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid and one receiving standard care (control. Both groups were compared in terms of fetal outcome......

Keywords: Amnioinfusion, Meconium aspiration syndrome, Fetal outcome.

[1]. Brown BL, Gleicher N. Intrauterine meconium aspiration. Obtst Gynecol. 1981;57:26-9.
[2]. Davis RO, Philips JB III, Haris BA Jr, Wilson ER, Huddleston JF. Fetal meconium aspiration syndrome occurring despite airway management considered appropriate. Am J ObstetGynecol. 1985;151:731-6.
[3]. Urbaniak KJ, McCowan LME, Townend KM. Risk factors for meconium aspiration syndrome. Aust N Z J ObstetGynecol. 1996;36:401-6.
[4]. Hofmeyr GJ. Amnioinfusion for meconium-stained liquor in labor. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(1):CD000014.
[5]. Miyazaki FS, Taylor NA. Saline amnioinfusion for relief of variable or prolonged declerations: A preliminary report. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1983;146:670-8.

Abstract: Vasculitis, a systemic disorder with inflammation of blood vessel walls, can develop a broad spectrum of symptoms according to involvement of various organs. Therefore, early diagnosis of vasculitis is challenging. We here in describe a 17-years-old patient presented in such an atypical way with abdominal signs that required, two times, a laparotomy. The diagnosis of Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis was made after a rapidly progressive renal failure and histological examination of renal biopsy and tissue taken at the time of surgery. The aim of this case report is to highlight the importance of an extensive investigation of renal involvement in atypical abdominal pain. It also draws attention to the complexity of the disease and the necessity of early diagnosis along with aggressive therapy to avoid mortality.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, kidney biopsy; Vasculitis

[1]. Masi AT, Hunder GG, Lie JT, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Arend WP, Calabrese LH, Edworthy SM, Fauci AS, Leavitt RY et al (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis). Arthritis Rheum 1990;33(8):1094–1100
[2]. Lane SE, Watts R, Scott DG (2005) Epidemiology of systemic vasculitis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 7(4):270–275
[3]. Eleftheriou D, Gale H, Pilkington C, Fenton M, Sebire NJ, Brogan PA (2016) Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in childhood: retrospective experience from a tertiary referral centre in the UK. Rheumatology 2016 55(7):1263–1272.
[4]. SINGH R, SINGH D, ABDOU N. Churg-Strauss syndrome presenting as acute abdomen: are gastrointestinal manifestations an indicator of poor prognosis? Int J Rheum Dis. 2009;12(2):161-165.
[5]. Durel CA, Sinico RA, Teixeira V, Jayne D, Belenfant X et al ; French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG). Renal involvement in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA): a multicentric retrospective study of 63 biopsy-proven cases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021 Jan 5;60(1):359-365.

Abstract: Background: Temporomandibular joint disorder affects 40%-60% of the population and is prevalent at the age of 35-45year-old females. It involves several anatomical structures including bilateral (TMJ) and numerous muscles affecting the TMJ. Assessment and treatment of TMJD generally requires a specialized dentist and therapist due to the complexity of involved structures. The aim of this case study was to educate physical therapist in TMJD and provide intervention modalities. Case description: A 34 –year-old female referred to physical therapy by her family medicine physician, presented with a history of.....

[1]. Magee D. Orthopedic Physical Assessment. London: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014.
[2]. Edward F. Wright S. Management and treatment of TMD: A clinical perspective. The Journal of Manual and Manipulative therapy. 2009; 17(4):247. Available at: hhp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2813497/. Accessed march 2021.
[3]. Myofascial pain syndrome, Mayo clinic. Mayoclinicorg. 2016. Available at htt://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mayofascial-pain-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20033195. Accessed march 2021.
[4]. Satish Kumar Anumula* , Chaitanya Beku and Micheal Raj School of Physiotherapy, Reduction of Tempero- Mandibular Dislocation: A Case Report, India Journal of Physiotherapy & Physical Rehabilitation. 2017, 2:1. DOI: 10.4172/2573-0312.1000127. [5]. COLUMBIA, SC, TMJ, TMJ case study. 2017. Available on: http://vertexpt.com/2017/04/26/tmj-dysfunction-case-study/, accessed 2 June 2021.

Abstract: Parkinson's disease is an idiopathic neurological disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. Impairment of motor skills and cognition compromise the patient's diet, nutrition and ability to maintain proper oral hygiene. As a result dental caries and edentulism seems to be a direct impending predicament. People with Parkinson's disease are often more impacted by their non-motor symptoms than motor symptoms such as apathy, depression, constipation, sleep behaviour disorders, loss of sense of smell and cognitive impairment1. Prosthodontics management of patients with Parkinson's disease requires special care and diligent handling, especially in those cases.......

Keywords: Parkinson's disease, detachable handles and occlusal rims, tich buttons

[1]. Pavithra K, Dhanraj M, Pravinya, Rhea A. Prosthodontic Management of a Patient with Parkinson's disease- A Case Report. J Young Pharm. 2018;10(3):377-9.
[2]. De Lau LM, Breteler MM. Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5(6):525-35.
[3]. Davie CA. A review of Parkinson's disease. Br Med Bull. 2008;86(1):109-27.
[4]. Jankovic J. Parkinson's disease: Clinical features and diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008;79(4):368-76.
[5]. Heckmann SM, Heckmann JG, Weber HP. Clinical outcomes of three Parkinson's disease patients treated with mandibular implant overdentures. Clin Oral Implants Res 2000; 11: 566-571..