iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2022

Abstract: Background : Acute Organophosphorus poisoning is a medical emergency and is a preventable and treatable cause of mortality in Emergency department. Acute organophosphate insecticide poisoning can manifest 3 different phases of toxic effects, namely, acute cholinergic crisis, intermediate syndrome (IMS), and delayed neuropathy. Among them, IMS has been considered as a major contributing factor of organophosphate-related morbidity and mortality because of its frequent occurrence and probable consequence of respiratory failure. Hence, in the present study, we intended to evaluate the efficacy of FFP transfusion in prevention of IMS following OP poisoning..........

Keywords: Intermediate syndrome (IMS), Organophosphate poisoning (OP), Fresh frozen plasma, (FFP), ICU stays, Ventilator support, Mortality

[1]. World Health Organization. The Impact of Pesticides on Health: Preventing Intentional and Unintentional Deaths from Pesticide Poisoning. Available at: http://www.who.int/mental health/prevention/suicide/en/PesticidesHealth2.pdf [Last accessed: September 11, 2021]
[2]. Eddleston M. Patterns and problems of deliberate self-poisoning in the developing world. QJM. 2000;93(11):715-31.
[3]. Guven M, Sungur M, Eser B, Sari I, Altuntas F. The effects of fresh frozen plasma on cholinesterase levels and outcomes in patients with organophosphate poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2004a; 42:617–623.
[4]. Eddleston M, Buckley NA, Eyer P, Dawson AH. Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Lancet. 2008; 371(9612): 597–607.
[5]. Nurulain SM. Different approaches to acute organophosphorus poison treatment. J Pak Med Assoc. 2012, 62 (7):712-717.

Abstract: Nanodentistry aims towards the application of nanotechnology for the maintanence of oral health. Research in nanotechnology has gained significant momentum over the years and has it's implications in the field of endodontics. From modifications in the rotary file systems to pulp regeneration nanotechnology has come a long way. A better understanding of the nanomodified materials and the ongoing research in this emerging field would help to appreciate how these materials can be used in daily practice. It would be safe to say that nanotechnology would definitely be a game changer in improving the quality of endodontic treatment.

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[4]. Shrivastava S, Bera T, Roy A, Singh G, Ramachandrarao P, Dash D (2007) Characterization of enhanced antibacterial effects of novel silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 18:1–9
[5]. Raura N, Garg A, Arora A, Roma M. Nanoparticle technology and its implications in endodontics: A review. Biomaterials Research. 2020 Dec;24(1):1-8.

Abstract: Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is one of the most important cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. It is now the 4th leading cause of death in the world and it is expected to become the 3rd leading cause of death by 2022. In 2012, COPD was the cause of death in more than 3 million people and it accounted for 6% of all the deaths worldwide. The COPD burden is expected to rise in coming years because of continuous exposure to risk factors and ageing of the population. The aim of this study is to study the clinical profile of patients and to assess right ventricular dysfunction by utilizing right ventricular parameters obtained by clinical methods, electrocardiography & echocardiography and to correlate with the severity of COPD according to GOLD guidelines.......

Key Word: COPD, Corpulmonale, ECG, 2D ECHO

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Abstract: Introduction: Appendiceal mucocele is a clinically and pathologically rare condition. Mucinous secretions obstruct the lumen of the appendix leading to dilation. Case presentation: A 54-year-old female presented with right lower quadrant pain for three days. The pain was described as cramping, with nausea and vomiting following it. The imaging studies revealed a well-circumscribed mass with a smooth thin wall, without calcifications arising from the inferomedial aspect of the caecum, highly suggestive of an appendiceal......

Keywords: Appendicitis; Mucocele; Mucinous cystadenoma; Appendix; Appendectomy

[1]. Marudanayagam R, Williams GT, Rees BI. Review of the pathological results of 2660 appendicectomy specimens. J Gastroenterol. 2006;41(8):745-749. doi:10.1007/s00535-006-1855-5.
[2]. Naraynsingh V, Hariharan S, Sammy I. Cecal volvulus and mucocele of the appendix. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam. 2010;40(4):354-356.
[3]. Jayakrishnan TT, Zacharias AJ, Sharma A, Pappas SG, Gamblin TC, Turaga KK. Role of laparoscopy in patients with peritoneal metastases considered for cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). World J Surg Oncol. 2014;12:270. doi:10.1186/1477-7819-12-270.
[4]. Morano WF, Gleeson EM, Sullivan SH, et al. Clinicopathological Features and Management of Appendiceal Mucoceles: A Systematic Review. Am Surg. 2018;84(2):273-281.
[5]. Demetrashvili Z, Chkhaidze M, Khutsishvili K, et al. Mucocele of the appendix: case report and review of literature. Int Surg. 2012;97(3):266-269. doi:10.9738/CC139.1.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Various screening modalities have been used to assess cardiac involvement in patients infected with HIV.There is varying prevalence depending on the screening modalitiy used. Echocardiography is a valuable tool used in assessing cardiac diseases and has been used in a large number of studies to evaluate cardiac abnormalities in HIV patients. This study is aimed at assessing the incidence of cardiac abnormalities among HIV positive individuals using echocardiography. METHODS: Study cases were randomly selected amongst adult patients aged 18 years and above, who fufilled the inclusion criteria, presenting at the University.....

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[5]. Guillermo SG, HIV and cardiovascular manifestation of the disease, Circulation.2002 106: 1420-1425..

Abstract: Background: Human Iimmunodeficiency Virus (HIV)is a multisystemic disease affecting a plethora of organs in the body of which the heart is one. Histologic, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic studies have all corroborated involvement of the heart in HIV infection. While Echocardiography is a very valuable tool in evaluating structural abnormalities. Electrocardiography remains the gold standard for rhythm abnormalities and has the added value of being able to assess some structural and ischemic changes in the heart of HIV positive patients. In addition, it is cheap and readily available in resource poor settings and can allow the attending physician make prompt and important decisions. This study assessed the electrocardiographic abnormalities in HIV positive.....

Keywords: HIV, HEART, ECG, ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY, ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

[1]. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Global and Regional HIV Statistics: UNAIDS Fact Sheet; 2021. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/UNAIDS_ FactSheet_en.pdf. [Last accessed on 2022 February 26].
[2]. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Press Release. New Survey Results Indicate that Nigeria has a Prevalence of 1.4%. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/ pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2021/march/20190314_nigeria. [Last accessed 2022 February 26].
[3]. Anthony SF, Lane HC, Human Immunodeficiency Virus disease, AIDS and related disorders, Harrison principles of internal medicine, 17th edition. McGraw Hill Companies, 2008, 1076-1139.
[4]. Barbaro G, Di Lorenzo G, Grisorio B. Incidence of Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Detection of HIV in Myocardial Cells of HIV-Positive Patients.New England Journal of Medicine,1998:339;1093- 1099.
[5]. Barbaro G, Fisher S, Lipshultz S. Pathogenesis of HIV-associated cardiovascular complications. Lancet Infect Disease 2001; 1:115-124.

Abstract: Background: Gallstone disease is prevalent in 10-14% of adult population of eastern world. Around 8−20% of patients undergoing cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis have been detected with common bile duct stones (CBDS). The role of conventional surgical management in the era of endoscopy for the treatment of choledocholithiasis have never declined to the baseline, rather it has always stood as an adjunct and saviour when failure of all other modalities is taken into account. Open surgical approach is based upon a number of factors like the diameter of the CBD,....

Keywords: CBDS, T-Tube drainage, choledochoduodenostomy, surgical management

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[4]. Shah KN, Clary BM. Stones in the bile duct: clinical features and open surgical approaches and techniques. In: Jarnagin WR, Allen PJ, Chapman WC, D'Angelica MI, DeMatteo RP, Do RKG, et al., editors. Blumgart's Surgery of the Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc.; 2017. p. 585-603.e3.
[5]. Jackson PG, Evans SRT. Biliary System. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, editors. Sabiston textbook of surgery : the biological basis of modern surgical practice. 20th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc.; 2017. p. 1482–519..

Abstract: Background: Autistic children were the greatest challenge for pediatric dentists due to their complex behavior and oral manifestations. Aim: the present study was designed to compare mandibular bone density and permanent root development variations in autistic patient with healthy group. Materials and methods: The study was carried out on one hundred children of both sexes aged from six to eight years old, selected from the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic of Psychiatry and Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University and Pedodontic clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University. The selected children were divided into two groups. Group I included fifty children had been previously diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders.....

KEYWORDS: Autism spectrum disorders-Dental development-mandibular radio-density

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