iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-9 ~ September 2024

Abstract: The use of benzodiazepines, such as midazolam, as a last-resort treatment for refractory status epilepticus is widely practiced, particularly in patients who are hemodynamically stable. However, as the dosage of this anti-epileptic agent is increased, it potentiates γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity, which can lead to hypotension and subsequently necessitate the administration of vasopressor agents, especially in cases involving hemodynamic instability, as illustrated by this case where a young man who arrived at the emergency department with complaints......

[1] Choi JW, Shin JW: Early Combination Therapy Of Ketamine And Midazolam In Patients With Refractory Status Epilepticus In Hemodynamic Unstable State. 2021, 10.14581/Jer.21023
[2] Alkhachroum A, Der-Nigoghossian CA, Mathews E, Et Al.: Ketamine To Treat Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus.. 2020,
10.1212/WNL.0000000000010611
[3] Shrestha GS, Joshi P, Chhetri S, Karn R, Acharya SP: Intravenous Ketamine For Treatment Of Super-Refractory Convulsive Status Epilepticus With Septic Shock: A Report Of Two Cases.. 20115, 10.4103/0972-5229.156484
[4] Lowenstein DH, Alldredge BK.: Status Epilepticus At An Urban Public Hospital In The 1980s.. 1993,
10.1212/Wnl.43.3_Part_1.483
[5] Wang J, Liu S, Haditsch U, Et Al.: Interaction Of Calcineurin And Type-A GABA Receptor Γ2 Subunits Produces Long-Term Depression At CA1 Inhibitory Synapses. 2003. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-03-00826.2003.
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-03-00826.2003.

Abstract: Objective- the aim of this study was to evaluate contemporary trends used by orthodontists in dental institutes in madhya pradesh. Material and method- a questionnaire study was conducted by handing out anonymous paper questionnaires form consisted of 30 multiple choice questions to elicit information about current trends in orthodontic practice filled by 100 orthodontists of m.p. Observation- a total 100 orthodontist of m.p. Participates in this survey and the result obtained under following headings current diagnostic aids used by orthodontists, current use of fixed appliance therapy, practise of lingual orthodontics in m.p., current trend in extraction therapy, current use of functional appliance, current use of tads (temporary anchorage devices) in orthodontics, type of retainer & retension period followed by trends in accelerated orthodontics and aligners......

[1] Brian M. P. O'connor,Contemporary Trends National Survey, American Journal Of Orthodontics And Dentofacial O,Rthopedics February 1993.
[2] Cristen R. Wall, Mark J. De Haven, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Dallas, Texas-Survey Methodology For The Uninitiated, Jfp Online June 2002 · Vol. 51, No. 6.
[3] Gavin C. Heymann, , An Update On Contemporary Trends In Orthodontics.
[4] Reddy Lavanya, D.B. Gandhi Babu, Shefali Waghray, Nallan C.S.K. Chaitanya, Boring Mamatha, Madhired Dy Nithika. A Questionnaire Cross-Sectional Study On Application Of Cbct In Dental Postgraduate Students. Pol J Radiol, 2016; 81: 181-189.
[5] Sunita Sugumaran, Ashwin Mathew George, S. Aravind Kumar, K. K. Shantha Sundari, Shyamala Chandrasekar, R. Rajagopal; Knowledge, Awareness, And Practice Of Cone‑Beam Computed Tomography Among Orthodontists: A Survey; 2018 Journal Of Indian Orthodontic Society.

Abstract: Bacground: Sepsis and Septic shock are reported to be the most common causes of death in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The reported incidence of sepsis in the world varies between 100-300 per 100,000 world population per year. Data in Indonesia itself is still limited. Peritonitis is a case of sepsis that often occurs. The mortality rate increases when it develops into septic shock. It can occur together with nosocomal infections. More than 40% of patients with septic shock also suffer from acute kidney injury (AKI). One case of sepsis which developed into septic shock due to secondary peritonitis, which was also complicated by acute kidney injury and hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) was reported.......

Keywords: Septic Shock, Secondary Peritonitis, Acute Kidney Injury, Hospital Acquired Pneumonia, Intensive Care Unit.

[1]. Ramasubban S. Septic Shock. In Icu Protokols A Step-Wise Approach, Vol.I. Chawla R, Todi S (Ed). Second Edition. Springer. 2020. P511-518
[2]. Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, Antonelli M, Coopersmith Cm Et All. Surviving Sepsis Campaign : International Guidelines For Management Of Sepsis And Septic Shock 2021. Critical Care Medicine. Volume 49. Number 1. November 2021
[3]. Xu Z, Cheng B, Fu S, Liu X, Xie G, Liz Z. Coagulative Biomarkers On Admission To The Icu Predict Acute Kidney Injury And Mortality In Patients With Septic Shock Caused By Intraabdominal Infection. Infection And Drug Resistance 2019 : 12 2755-2764
[4]. Ridwan Ka, Ibnu M, Najmuddin Md. Manajemenperioperatif Pada Syok Sepsis Et Causa Peritonitis Et Causa Perforasi Gaster Dan Suspek Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. Majalahsainstekes 8(2) : 090-097 (2021)
[5]. Najmuddin M, Nurdin H, Muchtar F. Penatalaksanaansyok Sepsis Denganpenyulitcederaginjalakut Pada Pasien Peritonitis Sekunder. Jap. 2020;8(3):194-205

Abstract: Evaporation is a critical factor that can influence the accuracy and reliability of serum electrolyte measurements. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of evaporation on serum electrolyte levels and its implications for clinical and laboratory practices. We analyzed studies that investigated the effects of evaporation on various electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate. The review highlights the mechanisms by which evaporation affects electrolyte concentrations, evaluates different strategies to mitigate these effects, and provides recommendations for best practices in serum electrolyte analysis.

[1] Dunlap W, Smith M, Morgan B. Effects Of Evaporation On Serum Sodium Concentration. J Clin Pathol. 2003;56(7):542-5.
[2] Koffler R, Braunstein E. Influence Of Evaporation On Electrolyte Levels In Serum Samples. Clin Chem. 2001;47(10):1866-8.
[3] Shih M, Chen W. Sodium Concentration Changes Due To Sample Evaporation: A Clinical Evaluation. Ann Clin Biochem. 2005;42(Pt 4):287-91.
[4] Wang Y, Zhang X. Potassium Concentration Changes In Serum Samples Affected By Evaporation. J Lab Med. 2012;36(2):134-9.
[5] Lee J, Kim H. Variability In Potassium Levels Due To Evaporation: A Review Of Clinical Impacts. J Appl Lab Med. 2018;3(3):345-51.

Abstract: Background: Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is a type of acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation on electrocardiography. Many non-ST elevation myocardial infarction patients have multivessel disease, which leads to worse outcomes compared to single-vessel disease. Their clinical and angiographic profiles provide valuable insightf into the nature, severity, and treatment of this common cardiac condition. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and angiographic profiles of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction patients with multivessel disease.......

Keywords: Clinical, Angiographic profile, Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, NSTEMI MI, DVD, TVD

[1] American Heart Association / American Stroke Association Statistical Data On Highlights Of Acute Coronary Syndrome, 2005.
[2] Stark, B, Johnson, C, Roth, G. Global Prevalence Of Coronary Artery Disease: An Update From The Global Burden Of Disease Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024 Apr, 83 (13_Supplement) 2320. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/S0735-1097(24)04310-9.
[3] Department Of Public Health And Primary Care, University Of Cambridge. High-Risk Hearts: A South Asian Epidemic. [Homepage On The Internet] C2013 [Cited 2013 Jul 3]. Available From: Http://Www.Phpc.Cam.Ac.Uk/Blog/High-Risk-Hearts-A-South-Asian-Epidemic.
[4] S Sricholwattana, J Chaipromprasit, P Kosum, Prevalence And Characteristics Of Non-St-Segment Elevation In Acute Myocardial Infarction With Insignificant Coronary Artery Disease, European Heart Journal, Volume 43, Issue Supplement_1, February 2022, Ehab849.067, Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Eurheartj/Ehab849.067.
[5] Members Wg, Mozaffarian D, Benjamin Ej, Go As, Arnett Dk, Blaha Mj, Et Al. Executive Summary: Heart Disease And Stroke Statistics—2016 Update: A Report From The American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;133(4):447–54.

Abstract: Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presents a growing public health concern due to its adverse effects on both mothers and infants. This study aims to identify the sociodemographic, obstetric, and lifestyle factors influencing GDM prevalence and compare the profiles of pregnant women with and without GDM. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at the Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, involving 150 cases (pregnant women with GDM) and 150 controls (pregnant women without GDM), each matched for age. Data collection instruments were pre-tested, and physical activity levels were measured using the Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET). Differences between cases and controls were analyzed across various sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics.......

Keywords: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Risk Factors

[1] Zhou T, Sun D, Li X, Heianza Y, Nisa H, Hu G, Et Al. Prevalence And Trends In Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Women In The United States, 2006–2016. Diabetes [Internet]. 2018 [Cited 2024 May 9]; Available From:
Https://Consensus.App/Papers/Prevalence-Trends-Gestational-Diabetes-Mellitus-Among-Zhou/A2a54f70356a52d19c00ee5cc86a5ecb/
[2] Basri N, Mahdy Z, Ahmad S, Karim AKA, Shan LP, Manaf MRA, Et Al. The World Health Organization (WHO) Versus The International Association Of Diabetes And Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) Diagnostic Criteria Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) And Their Associated Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes. Hormone Molecular Biology And Clinical Investigation [Internet]. 2018 [Cited 2024 May 9];34. Available From: Https://Consensus.App/Papers/World-Health-Organization-Versus-International-Basri/30450d68d912514db17016b1bf44e942/
[3] Groof Z, Garashi G, Husain H, Owayed S, Albader S, Mouhsen H, Et Al. Prevalence, Risk Factors, And Fetomaternal Outcomes Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal Of Diabetes Research. 2019 Mar 3;2019:1–7.
[4] Wahabi H. Maternal And Perinatal Outcomes Of Pregnancies Complicated With Pregestational And Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Saudi Arabia. Journal Of Diabetes & Metabolism. 2014 Jan 1;05

Abstract: Background: Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder, affects millions globally, with Type 2 diabetes being the most prevalent. Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication, characterized by symptoms such as pain, tingling, and numbness due to peripheral nerve damage. The global burden of diabetes has been rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In India, the number of diabetes cases is projected to reach over 134 million by 2045. Traditional treatments for DPN often have limited efficacy and adverse long-term effects......

Keywords: Diabetes, Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Electroacupuncture, Sensory Nerve Function, Vibration Perception, Pain Management

[1] Diabetes. (2023, April 5). Www.Who.Int. Httpswww. Who. Intnews-Roomfact-Sheetsdetaildiabetes.
[2] Pradeepa R, Mohan V. Epidemiology Of Type 2 Diabetes In India. Vol. 69, Indian Journal Of Ophthalmology. Nlm (Medline); 2021. P. 2932–8.
[3] Pawde P, Thampi R, K R, U R, R V. Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Among Type-2 Diabetic Patients Presenting To Smims Hospital, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2013;2(1):73.
[4] Khdour Mr. Treatment Of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Review. Vol. 72, Journal Of Pharmacy And Pharmacology. Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2020. P. 863–72.
[5] Bi Syndrome, Rerebecca Avern Lic.Ac, M.B.Ac.C

Abstract: Complicated crown-root fractures are challenging dental injuries that involve both enamel and dentin structures and extend into the root. They often necessitate a multifaceted approach to achieve successful reattachment and functional restoration. This case report describes the management and outcomes of a complicated crown-root fracture using a reattachment technique.

Keywords: Complicated crown root fracture; Reattachment; Fibre reinforced post; Resin cement

[1]. Andreasen, J.O., Andreasen, F.M. And Andersson, L. Textbook And Color Atlas Of Traumatic Injuries To The Teeth. 2018
[2]. Olsburgh S, Jacoby T, Krejci I. Crown Fractures In The Permanent Dentition: Pulpal And Restorative Considerations. Dent Traumatol. 2002;18:103-15.
[3]. Andreasen FM, Norén JG, Andreasen JO, Engelhardtsen S, Lindh-Strömberg U. Long-Term Survival Of Fragment Bonding In The Treatment Of Fractured Crowns: A Multicenter Clinical Study. Quintessence Int. 1995;26:669-81
[4]. Sargod SS, Bhat SS. A 9 Year Follow-Up Of A Fractured Tooth Fragment Reattachment. Contemp Clin Dent. 2010;1(4):243-5
[5]. Trope, M. Clinical Management Of Dental Trauma: A Review. Endodontic Topics. 2002; 43(1): 3-15

Abstract: Objective: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes, surgical techniques, and complications associated with the resection of olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs) Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted, focusing on studies that reported on surgical outcomes for OGMs. Data were extracted on patient demographics, surgical approaches, outcomes, and complication Results: Surgical resection of OGMs was associated with favorable functional outcomes, although complications, including anosmia and neurological deficits, were common. Total resection rates varied based on surgical technique........

[1] O'Brien DJ, Et Al. "Outcomes Of Surgical Resection Of Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: A Systematic Review." Neurosurgery. 2014;74(6):650-658.
[2] Sanai N, Et Al. "Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: A Review Of The Literature." Journal Of Neurosurgery. 2016;124(5):1242-1248.
[3] Pomeraniec IJ, Et Al. "Surgical Approaches To Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: A Systematic Review." World Neurosurgery. 2019;122:E1000-E1007.
[4] Zada G, Et Al. "Meningioma Surgery: Functional Outcomes And Quality Of Life." Journal Of Neuro-Oncology. 2021;151(1):51-58.
[5] Rangel-Castilla L, Et Al. "Endoscopic Management Of Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: A Review." Clinical Neurology And Neurosurgery. 2017;155:46-51

Abstract: Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of early surgical intervention, specifically decompressive craniectomy (DC), in patients with large middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing early surgical intervention with medical management. Results: Early surgical intervention demonstrated a significant reduction in mortality and improved functional outcomes, particularly in younger patients. However, it was associated with increased complication rates. Conclusion: Early surgical intervention can benefit select patients with large MCA infarctions, but careful patient selection is essential.

[1] Vahedi K, Et Al. "Decompressive Craniectomy In Massive Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction: A Randomized Trial." Lancet Neurology. 2007;6(3): 211-218.
[2] Kamel H, Et Al. "Decompressive Craniectomy For Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review." Stroke. 2014;45(4): 1241-1247.
[3] Yang Y, Et Al. "Early Surgical Intervention For Large MCA Infarction: A Meta-Analysis." Neurosurgery. 2020;87(3): E341-E349.
[4] Unterberg A, Et Al. "Decompressive Craniectomy For Acute Ischemic Stroke." Neurosurgery. 2013;73(4): 688-695.
[5] Lansberg MG, Et Al. "Safety And Efficacy Of Decompressive Craniectomy For Ischemic Stroke." JAMA Neurology. 2015;72(1): 92-97.

Abstract: Background: Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder, affects millions globally, with Type 2 diabetes being the most prevalent. Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication, characterized by symptoms such as pain, tingling, and numbness due to peripheral nerve damage. The global burden of diabetes has been rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In India, the number of diabetes cases is projected to reach over 134 million by 2045. Traditional treatments for DPN often have limited efficacy and adverse long-term effects, highlighting the need for alternative therapies.........

Keywords: Diabetes, Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Electroacupuncture, Sensory Nerve Function, Vibration Perception, Pain Management.

[1] Diabetes. (2023, April 5). Www.Who.Int. Httpswww. Who. Intnews-Roomfact-Sheetsdetaildiabetes.
[2] Pradeepa R, Mohan V. Epidemiology Of Type 2 Diabetes In India. Vol. 69, Indian Journal Of Ophthalmology. Nlm (Medline); 2021. P. 2932–8.
[3] Pawde P, Thampi R, K R, U R, R V. Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Among Type-2 Diabetic Patients Presenting To Smims Hospital, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2013;2(1):73.
[4] Khdour Mr. Treatment Of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Review. Vol. 72, Journal Of Pharmacy And Pharmacology. Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2020. P. 863–72.
[5] Bi Syndrome, Rerebecca Avern Lic.Ac, M.B.Ac.C