iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2025

Abstract: Background: The global mpox epidemic in 2022 converted this previously endemic disease into a pressing global one. The virus’s surprising reach outside Africa exposed crucial knowledge gaps. This review assimilates global evidence on induction of evolving epidemiology, distinctive clinical spectrum, diagnostic advancement and management methods in case of mpox. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines to identify studies published from January 2013 to December 2024. We considered observational and clinical study types reporting.....

Keywords: Antivirals, Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Global health, Monkeypox virus, Vaccination

[1] Lim, Eleanor Y., James Whitehorn, and Lucy Rivett. "Monkeypox: a review of the 2022 outbreak." British medical bulletin 145.1 (2023): 17-29.
[2] Alakunle, Emmanuel, et al. "A comprehensive review of monkeypox virus and mpox characteristics." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 14 (2024): 1360586.
[3] Thornhill, John P., et al. "Monkeypox virus infection in humans across 16 countries—April–June 2022." New England Journal of Medicine 387.8 (2022): 679-691.
[4] Ahmed, Sirwan Khalid, et al. "The global human monkeypox outbreak in 2022: An overview." International Journal of Surgery 104 (2022): 106794.
[5] Yadav, Rajesh, et al. "Mpox 2022 to 2025 Update: A Comprehensive Review on Its Complications, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment." Viruses 17.6 (2025): 753.

Abstract: Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the leading contagious and infectious disease, causing mortality and morbidity in India caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB involves many different sites. Tubercular lymphadenitis (TBLN) is one of the most common causes of lymph node enlargement in developing countries. FNAC has a very important role to diagnose TBLN. Aim and Objective: Study was done to correlate various cyto-morphological findings in lymph node aspirate with AFB positivity in ZN staining....

Keywords: AFB, Cytomorphology, Necrosis, ZN staining

[1]. Organization, W. H. (2019). Global Tuberculosis Report 2019. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/329368
[2]. Kumar A. Lymph node tuberculosis. In: Sharma SK, Mohan A, editors.Tuberculosis. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers;2009. p. 397-409.
[3]. WHO (2017). Global Tuberculosis Report 2017. Geneva: WHO press. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259366/9789241565516-eng.pdf
[4]. Organization, W. H. (2024). Global tuberculosis report 2024. World Health Organization.https://www.who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/tb-reports/global-tuberculosis-report-2024.
[5]. Shubha AB, Sapna H, Dinesh RB. Tuberculosis lymphadenitis presenting a diagnostic dilemma - A case report. Int J Dent Clin 2010;2:48-52.

Abstract: Background: Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Recent research points to metabolic and nutritional issues in children with ASD, such as iron deficiency, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. This study aimed to assess the frequency of iron deficiency, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemiag....

Keywords: Iron deficiency, Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Autistic spectrum disorder, Children

[1] Manzi, B, Loizzo, AL, Giana, G & Curatolo, P 2008, ‘Autism and metabolic diseases’, Journal of Neurology, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 307-314.
[2] American Psychiatric Association 1994, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn.,
[3] Allsopp, MY, Rice, C, Karapurkar, T, Doernberg, N, Boyle, C & Murphy, C 2003, ‘Prevalence of autism in a US metropolitan area’, The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 289, no. 1, pp. 49-55.
[4] Kanner, 1943, ‘Autistic disturbances of affective contact’, Nervous Child, vol. 2, pp. 217–250.
[5] Bloom, ED, Lord, C, Zwaigenbaum, L, Courchesne, E, Dager, SR, Schmitz, C, Schultz, RT, Crawley, J & Young, LJ 2006, ‘The developmental neurobiology of autism spectrum disorder’, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 26, no. 26, pp. 6897-6906

Abstract: Introduction: Cervical cancer remains a major public health concern, particularly in developing countries, where access to early detection and treatment is limited. Radiotherapy, often combined with chemotherapy, is a cornerstone in the management of locally advanced cervical cancer. This study investigates the effectiveness of probiotics in reducing the...

Keywords: Probiotics, Radiation-Induced Diarrhea, Cervical Cancer, Bleeding

[1]. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49.
[2]. Torre LA, Islami F, Siegel RL, Ward EM, Jemal A. Global cancer in women: burden and trends. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017;26(4):444–57.
[3]. Hansen EK, Roach M III. Handbook of Evidence-Based Radiation Oncology. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2018.
[4]. Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Lane JA, Mason M, Metcalfe C, Holding P, et al. Active monitoring, radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy in PSA-detected clinically localised prostate cancer: the ProtecT three-arm RCT. Health Technol Assess. 2020;24(37):1–176.
[5]. McGough C, Baldwin C, Frost G, Andreyev HJ. Role of nutritional intervention in patients treated with radiotherapy for pelvic malignancy. Br J Cancer. 2004;90(12):2278–87

Abstract: Introduction: Distal femur fractures are complex injuries that pose significant challenges in achieving stable fixation and early functional recovery, particularly in adults with comminuted patterns or osteoporotic bone. Various surgical options, including Locking Compression Plates (LCP) and Intramedullary Nails (IMN), are available. This study aimed to compare LCP and IMN fixation in adult distal femur fractures.
Methods: This...

Keywords: Implant Failure, Distal Femur Fractures, Locking Compression Plate, Intramedullary Nail

[1]. Martinet O, Cordey J, Harder Y, Maier A, Bühler M, Barraud GE. The epidemiology of fractures of the distal femur. Injury. 2000 Sep 1;31:62-94.
[2]. Kim J, Kang SB, Nam K, Rhee SH, Won JW, Han HS. Retrograde intramedullary nailing for distal femur fracture with osteoporosis. Clinics in orthopaedic surgery. 2012 Nov 16;4(4):307.
[3]. Henderson CE, Lujan TJ, Kuhl LL, Bottlang M, Fitzpatrick DC, Marsh JL. 2010 Mid-America Orthopaedic Association Physician in Training Award: Healing complications are common after locked plating for distal femur fractures. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®. 2011 Jun;469(6):1757-65.
[4]. Rodriguez EK, Boulton C, Weaver MJ, Herder LM, Morgan JH, Chacko AT, Appleton PT, Zurakowski D, Vrahas MS. Predictive factors of distal femoral fracture nonunion after lateral locked plating: a retrospective multicenter case-control study of 283 fractures. Injury. 2014 Mar 1;45(3):554-9.
[5]. Oh JW, Min HS, Yoon SH. Factors affecting the results of distal femoral fractures treated by retrograde intramedullary nailing. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery. 2009 Nov;23(11):1312