iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-10 ~ Oct. 2026

Abstract: Introduction: Left-right asymmetry is established following gastrulation, when the notochord has transiently fused to the endoderm to form the notochordal plate. In the rare human disorder, situs inversus viscerum totalis, the handedness of all of the viscera is reversed. However, the reversal is rarely complete or exact, and errors in morphogenesis often produce subsidiary malformations, such as malrotation of the midgut. More often, the different organ systems exhibit....

Keywords: Situs Inversus, liver, Dissection, Abdomen, Umbilicus, Incision

[1]. Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy, Anne M.R Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Wolters Kluwer, page no. 105-109
[2]. Larsen’s Human Embryology, Schoenwolf, Bleyl, Brauer, Francis- West, Page no. 66,67
[3]. Kadasne’s Textbook of Anatomy (Clinically Oriented) Thorax, Abdomen and Pelvis, page no. 573
[4]. Gray’s Anatomy for students, Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell (International Edition) Page no. 277,278,303
[5]. Grant’s Dissector, Patrick W. Tank, Wolter Kluwer Health, page no. 92,98,99,101,102,106

Abstract: Background: Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) remain a significant public health and educational issue affecting adolescent girls, particularly in low- and middle -income countries. AIM: The objectives of the study were to determine the level of knowledge of adolescent girls regarding menstrual hygiene management, assess their attitudes toward menstrual hygiene management, and identify their sources of information on menstrual hygiene....

Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Adolescent Girls, Menstrual Hygiene Management, Secondary Schools, Gusau.

[1]. Anne S, Vijayalakshmi K (2024). Menstrual hygiene and its awareness among adolescent girls-a study from an urban area. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol; 13:2869-74.
[2]. Aulia Khusnul Khotimah (2024). The relationship between adolescents' knowledge and personal hygiene during menstruation: A literature review. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews; 24(03): 252–262.
[3]. Aziz, A., Memon, S., Aziz, F., Memon, F., Khowaja, B. M. H., & Naeem Zafar, S (2024). A comparative study of the knowledge and practices related to menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in urban and rural areas of Sindh, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study. Women’s Health, 2024 20.
[4]. Belayneh, Z., & Mekuriaw, B (2019). Knowledge and menstrual hygiene practice among adolescent school girls in southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 19(1): 1–8.
[5]. Etsay Woldu Anbesu and Dejen Kahsay Asgedom (2023). Menstrual hygiene practice and associated factors among adolescent girls in sub‑Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta‑analysis. Anbesu and Asgedom BMC Public Health 23:33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14942-8.

Abstract: Background: On August 1, 2026, MassHealth introduced a US$1,750 yearly coverage limit on dental care for members aged 21 and older, exempting only clients of the Department of Developmental Services. About 9.2% of Massachusetts adults have diagnosed diabetes, a condition in which periodontal therapy is not cosmetic but part of metabolic control. The cap therefore creates a potential conflict between a short-term dental saving and a long-term medical cost.
Materials and Methods: Documentary....

[1]. Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF). Total monthly Medicaid and CHIP enrollment, June 2026 (CMS Performance Indicator data) [Internet]. State Health Facts; updated Sep 2026 [cited 2026 Oct 3]. Available from: https://www.kff.org/affordable-care-act/state-indicator/total-monthly-medicaid-and-chip-enrollment/
[2]. MassHealth, Executive Office of Health and Human Services. MassHealth 1115 demonstration extension, 2022-2027: summary [Internet]. Boston (MA): Commonwealth of Massachusetts; 2022 [cited 2026 Oct 3]. Available from: https://www.mass.gov/doc/1115-masshealth-demonstration-extension-summary/download[3]. MassHealth. Massachusetts Section 1115 demonstration monitoring report, DY27 (October 1 - December 31, 2022) [Internet]. Boston (MA): EOHHS; 2023 [cited 2026 Oct 3]. Available from: https://www.mass.gov/doc/section-1115-demonstration-waiver-annual-report-dy27-1/download
[4]. MassHealth, Executive Office of Health and Human Services. Learn about MassHealth dental benefits (including the adult dental yearly coverage limit effective August 1, 2026) [Internet]. Boston (MA): Commonwealth of Massachusetts; updated 31 Jul 2026 [cited 2026 Oct 3]. Available from: https://www.mass.gov/info-details/learn-about-masshealth-dental-benefits

Abstract: Background: Clear aligner therapy (CAT) has expanded rapidly worldwide, yet the environmental consequences of producing and discarding large numbers of single-use thermoplastic aligners remain insufficiently examined. This narrative review critically synthesizes literature published between 2021 and 2025 on environmental hazards associated with CAT, including plastic waste generation, microplastic release, chemical leaching,.....

Key Word: clear aligners; orthodontics; microplastics; bisphenol A; plastic waste; recycling; sustainability; life-cycle assessment

[1]. Boonchanachai C, Kanpittaya P, Fakhruddin KS, et al. A scoping review of sustainable orthodontic supply chains: innovations and waste management in clear aligner therapy. Eur J Orthod. 2025;47:cjaf080. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjaf080
[2]. Macrì M, D'Albis V, Marciani R, Nardella M, Festa F. Towards sustainable orthodontics: environmental implications and strategies for clear aligner therapy. Materials (Basel). 2024;17:4171. doi:10.3390/ma17174171
[3]. Bichu YM, Alwafi A, Liu X, Andrews J, Ludwig B, Bichu AY, et al. Advances in orthodontic clear aligner materials. Bioact Mater. 2023;22:384-403. doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.026
[4]. Slaymaker J, Woolley J, Hirani S, Martin V. The ecological impact of resin-printed models in clear aligner treatment. Orthod Update. 2024;17:18-22. doi:10.12968/ortu.2024.17.1.18
[5]. Tunca M. The environmental impact of clear aligners: is recycling and waste management controlled? Eur J Ther. 2024;30:82-84. doi:10.58600/eurjther.1984

Abstract: Background: Personality traits influence individual perceptions of aesthetics and self-image, yet their relationship with dental aesthetic satisfaction and natural tooth morphology remains underexplored. Understanding these associations may help clinicians better anticipate patient expectations and aesthetic concerns. Aim: To evaluate the association among personality traits, dental aesthetic satisfaction, and maxillary central incisor morphology in adults aged 18–45 years......

Key Word: Personality traits, Dental esthetics, Maxillary incisors, Big Five, Tooth morphology, Patient satisfaction.

[1]. Chamorro-Premuzic, T., & Furnham, A. (2004). Personality and aesthetic preferences. European Journal of Personality, 18(1), 101–117
[2]. Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41(1), 417–440.
[3]. Fradeani, M. (2006). Esthetic rehabilitation in fixed prosthodontics: Esthetic analysis. Quintessence Publishing.
[4]. Furnham, A., & Swami, V. (2007). Personality and aesthetic preferences. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(5), 1139–1150.
[5]. Gobbato, L., Tsukiyama, T., Levi, P. A., Griffin, T. J., & Weisgold, A. S. (2012). Analysis of the shapes of maxillary central incisors in a Caucasian population. International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry, 32(1), 69–78.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of methylene blue dye as a single tracer for sentinel lymph node identification in patients with breast cancer.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, from 2018 to 2020. Thirty patients with stage I to III breast cancer were included; patients with a history of dye allergy were excluded. After induction of anesthesia, 2–5 ml of 1% methylene blue dye.....

Key Word: Breast neoplasms; Sentinel lymph node biopsy; Methylene blue; Axillary staging; Resource-limited settings

[1]. Giuliano AE, Kirgan DM, Guenther JM, Morton DL. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy for breast cancer. Ann Surg. 1994;220:391-401.
[2]. Krag DN, Weaver DL, Alex JC, Fairbank JT. Surgical resection and radio localization of sentinel lymph node in breast cancer using a gamma probe. Surg Oncol. 1993;2:335-339.
[3]. Veronesi U, Paganelli G, Viale G, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy to avoid axillary dissection in breast cancer. Lancet. 1997;349:1864-1867.
[4]. Krag DN, Julian TB, Harlow SP, et al. NSABP B-32 randomized trial comparing sentinel node resection with conventional axillary dissection. Lancet Oncol. 2007;8:881-888.
[5]. Krag DN, Anderson SJ, Julian TB, et al. Sentinel lymph node resection compared with conventional axillary dissection. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:927-933.

Abstract: Intellectual disability is characterized by neuro developmental delayed syndrome. Limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour is a major characteristic feature of Intellectual disability. It is estimated that the global prevalence of ID is around 2-3% and 2.13% of people in India are diagnosed with such a disability. Few studies conducted in this particular subject indicate that a greater number of individuals are diagnosed as intellectually disabled....

[1]. Maulik, P., Mascarenhas, M., Mathers, C., et al. (2011). Prevalence of intellectual disability: A meta
[2]. analysis of population-based studies. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(2), 419-436.
[3]. Panda, K. C. (1999). Education of exceptional children. Vikas Publishing House.
[4]. Venkataswamy Reddy, M., & Chandrashekar, C. R. (1998). Prevalence of mental and behavioural disorders in India: A meta-analysis. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 40(2), 149–157.
[5]. Social Security and Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (SSEPD) Department, Government of Odisha. (n.d.). Statistics on special schools and residential children. http://ssepd.gov.in.

Abstract: Résumé
Introduction. Les pertes de substance du cuir chevelu représentent un problème reconstructeur fréquent mais difficile, car elles associent contraintes anatomiques, enjeux carcinologiques et impératif de couverture stable du crâne. Objectif. Décrire les caractéristiques cliniques, étiologiques, opératoires et évolutives d'une série de 47 patients pris en charge pour perte de substance du cuir chevelu, et discuter la stratégie reconstructrice à la lumière de la littérature récente. Matériels et méthodes. Il s'agit d'une étude observationnelle, descriptive et analytique, monocentrique, menée au service de chirurgie plastique, esthétique et reconstructrice de l'Hôpital Militaire Oued.....

[1]. Nassar, A., Abou Zeid, S., El Feghaly, C., Kassouf, E., Naba, J., Nasr, M., & Sleilati, F. (2024). Reconstruction of extensive scalp and skull defects with dural exposure: Report of a series of cases and literature review. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open, 12, e6259. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000006259
[2]. Martínez Peral, R., Roca Mas, J. O., Soroa Moreno, G. J., Álvarez Río, A., Ansó Jiménez, A., Navarro Sánchez, D., Monge Castresana, I., & Estrada Cuxart, J. (2025). Extensive scalp soft-tissue reconstruction with free flaps: A simplified therapeutic algorithm for donor site selection based on a retrospective analysis. JPRAS Open, 43, 205-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpra.2024.11.003
[3]. Bota, O., Beyer, F., Klein, J., Juratli, T. A., Dragu, A., & Bienger, K. (2024). Scalp reconstruction with locoregional and free flaps - A retrospective cohort study. GMS Interdisciplinary Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery DGPW, 13, Doc05. https://doi.org/10.3205/iprs000187
[4]. Brawley, C. C., & Sidle, D. (2022). Scalp reconstructive flaps: A review within the reconstructive ladder. Plastic and Aesthetic Research, 9, 6. https://doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2021.107
[5]. Jang, H. U., & Choi, Y. W. (2020). Scalp reconstruction: A 10-year experience. Archives of Craniofacial Surgery, 21(4), 237-243. https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2020.00269.

Abstract: Background: Class II Division 2 malocclusion associated with a deep bite represents a considerable challenge in orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods: The purpose of this case report was to describe the successful treatment of a 17-year-old male patient presenting with retroclined maxillary incisors and Class II molar and canine relationships. A non-extraction treatment approach involving fixed orthodontic appliances, sequential archwire progression, and Class II elastics.....

Key Word: Class II Division 2 malocclusion, deep bite, non-extraction treatment, bite turbos.

[1]. Sasaki A, Fujimoto M, Sonokawa T, Fujita T, Yamaffuchi K, Kato Y, et al. Comprehensive dental treatment of a patient with skeletal Class II, deepbite, severely narrow arches, and scissor bite. AJO-DO Clin Companion 2022; 2:484-495.
[2]. Park H-S, Kim J-Y, Kwon T-G. Treatment of a Class II deepbite with microimplant anchorage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 139:397-406.
[3]. Jung M-H. Vertical control of a Class II deep bite malocclusion with the use of orthodontic mini-implants. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019; 155:264-275.
[4]. Varlık SK, Alpakan ÖO, Türköz Ç. Deepbite correction with incisor intrusion in adults: a long-term cephalometric study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013; 144:414-419.
[5]. Wang X-D, Zhang J-N, Liu D-W, Lei F-F, Zhou Y-H. Nonsurgical correction of a severe anterior deep overbite accompanied by a gummy smile and posterior scissor bite using a miniscrew-assisted straight-wire technique in an adult high-angle case. Korean J Orthod 2016; 46:253-265..

Abstract: Background: BPCR emerged as a key component of focused antenatal care (FANC), with the goal of encouraging timely access to skilled maternal and neonatal services. Aim: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, influencing factors, and practices related to BPCR among pregnant women attending ANC at YBSH. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was conducted to assess knowledge on BPCR among 80 pregnant women presenting consecutively at ANC clinic of YBS Hospital, Gusau, Nigeria. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collection span for 3 weeks, covering every Tuesday and......

Key Word: Birth preparedness, Complication readiness, Pregnant women, Post-partum, BPCR. Yariman-Bakura, Hospital.

[1]. Alamrew, A., Sisay, A., Ayele, M. et al. (2024). Determinants of birth preparedness and complication readiness practice among reproductive-age women in Africa a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 24, 3154; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20654-y.
[2]. Aziz, M. M., Shams El-Deen, R. M., & Allithy, M. A. (2020). Birth preparedness and complication readiness among antenatal care clients in Upper Egypt. Sexual and Reproduc tive Healthcare, 24, 100506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc. 2020.100506.
[3]. Asresie M.B and Dagnew GW (2021) Effect of Community-Based Intervention (Pregnant Women’s Conference) on Institutional Delivery in Ethiopia. Empowering Midwives and Obstetric Nurses. Intech Open. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97315.
[4]. Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu. (2022). An update on utilization of antenatal care among pregnant Women in Nigeria. Int. J. Curr. Res. Chem. Pharm. Sci. 9(9): 21--26. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijcrcps.2022.09.09.003.
[5]. Guégan J-F, Suzán G, Kati-Coulibaly S, Bonpamgue DN, Moatti J-P (2018). Sustainable Development Goal #3, “health and well-being”, and the need for more integrative thinking. Veterinaria México OA.;5(2):1-18 doi:10.21753/vmoa.5.2.44.

Abstract: Background: Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death in children under five years of age. Recurrent or non resolving pneumonia in early infancy, especially with a family history of early childhood death, should prompt evaluation for an underlying primary immunodeficiency/inborn error of immunity (IEI). Severe undernutrition and incomplete immunization further increase susceptibility and severity.
Case presentation: A 7 month old, full term, incompletely immunized male infant (BCG and birth dose OPV only) was admitted.....

Key Word: Immunodeficiency, Inborn errors of immunity; Hypogammaglobulinemia; Recurrent pneumonia; Severe acute malnutrition; Sepsis; Infant

[1]. Perin J, Mulick A, Yeung D, Villavicencio F, Lopez G, Strong KL, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000–19: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022;6(2):106-15.
[2]. Wahl B, O'Brien KL, Greenbaum A, Majumder A, Liu L, Chu Y, et al. Burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in children in the era of conjugate vaccines: global, regional, and national estimates for 2000–15. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(7):e744-57.
[3]. Kirolos A, Blacow RM, Parajuli A, Welton NJ, Khanna A, Allen SJ, et al. The impact of childhood malnutrition on mortality from pneumonia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2021;6(11):e007411.
[4]. Chisti MJ, Tebruegge M, La Vincente S, Graham SM, Duke T. Pneumonia in severely malnourished children in developing countries – mortality risk, aetiology and validity of WHO clinical signs: a systematic review. Trop Med Int Health. 2009;14(10):1173-89.
[5]. Owayed AF, Campbell DM, Wang EE. Underlying causes of recurrent pneumonia in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154(2):190-4..