IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-9 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2015

Abstract:5year data on mean daily global radiation for Jos, Nigeria, were used to study how the hourly global radiation varies over a typical day at Jos. Empirical formulae were used in the analysis. The irradiance at solar noon was found to have a maximum value of 3.81 2 MJm in February and a minimum value of 2.22 2 MJm in July, with an average value of 3.07+0.55 2 MJm over the 5year period examined. Within the same period, the hourly insolation varied from 0.25 2 MJm at 7.00am to 3.07 2 MJm at 12.00noon, with an assumption that the day was symmetrical about the solar noon. Its average is 1.70±1.01 2 MJm over a daylength of 11hours.

[1] H.C. Hottel, and A. Whillier, Evaluation of flat plate solar collector performance, Transaction of the conference on the use of solar
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Abstract: The main aim of this study was to examine the performance of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC-291 and BifidobacteriumbifidumNCDC-232) as sole starter culture in fermentation of goat and cow milk supplemented with Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and Inulin as prebiotics. Sixteen batches of set yoghurts were conventionally formulated from both types of milk fortified with 3% Skim Milk Powder (SMP) and supplemented with 1.5, 2, and 3 % FOS and Inulin separately. During 14 day refrigerated storage, enumeration of viable cells using Pour Plate technique was carried out.The results showed that the supplementation of both goat and cow milk with either FOS or Inulin improved both the growth and survival of the probiotic cultures in the resulting yoghurts.

[1]. Shiby V. K. and Mishra H. N. (2013). Fermented Milks and Milk Products as Functional Foods-A Review, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 53:5, 482-496, DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.547398. [2]. Modler, H. W., McKellar, R. C. and Yaguchi, M. (1990). Bifidobacteria and bifidogenicfactors.Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal, 23: 29—41.
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[6]. Dave, R. I. and Shah N. P. (1997b). Viability of yoghurt and probiotic bacteria in yoghurts made from commercial starter cultures. International Dairy Journal, 7: 31-41.
[7]. Shah, N., Lankaputhra, W. E. V., Britz, M. and Kyle, W. S. A. (1995). Survival of L.acidophilusandBifidobacteriumbifidumin commercial yoghurt during refrigerated storage.International Dairy Journal, 5: 515.

Abstract:The farmers have the difficult task of managing their crops on poor soils in harsh and risky climates. Crop is defined as an "Aggregation of individual plant species grown in a unit area for economic purpose". Growth is defined as an "Irreversible increase in size and volume and is the consequence of differentiation and distribution occurring in the plant". Simulation is defined as "Reproducing the essence of a system without reproducing the system itself". In simulation the essential characteristics of the system are reproduced in a model, which is then studied in an abbreviated time scale..

[1]. Anil Kumar Singh"Crop Growth Simulation Models" Water Technology Center, I.A.R.I., Library Avenue, New Delhi - 11 0012
[2]. V.Radha Krishna Murthy "Crop Growth Modeling and its Applications in Agricultural Methodology" Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture ANGR Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad
[3]. Amissah-Arthur, A. and Jagtap, S.S. 1995. "Application of models and geographic information system based decision support system in analysis the effect of rainfall on maize yield stability". Sustain Africa 3: 2-15.
[4]. Murthy, V.R.K. 2002. "Basic principles of Agricultural Meteorology". Book syndicate publishers, Koti, Hyderabad, India.
[5]. Sivakumar, M.V.K. and Glinni, A.F. 2002. "Applications of crop growth models in the semi- arid regions". pages 177-205. In Agricultural System Models in Field Research and Technology Transfer (Eds. L.R. Ahuja, L. Ma and T.A. Howell), Lewis Publishers, A CRC Press Company, Boca Raton, USA.

Abstract: Adipose tissue is highly specialized to store lipid and/or release energy from lipid stores in response to a variety of signals. Adipose remodeling is the critical physiological process which involves lipogenesis and lipolysis to exhibit energy homeostasis. Recently, interest in the study of fish adipocytes has burgeoned due to the rising incidence of polluted environment. Determination of changes in adipocyte during stress provides the underlying mechanism involved in the survival process and adipose remodeling. Hence the present study was undertaken to evaluate the stress markers such as LHP and PC along with FA in fish adipocytes. Redox status was assessed by GPX, GST, GR, GRR and Trx.

[1]. Aceto A, Mezzetti A, Di Llio C, Calafiore AM, De Cesare D, Bosco G (1990) Effects of ischaemia–reperfusion on glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities in human heart protected by hypothermic cardioplegia. Free Radic Res Commun 8:85-91.
[2]. Aispuro-Hernandez E, Garcia-Orozco KD, Muhlia-Almazan A, del-Toro-Sanchez L, Robles-Sanchez RM, Hernandez J, Gonzalez-Aguilar G, Yepiz-Plascencia G, Sotelo- Mundo RR (2008) Shrimp thioredoxin is a potent antioxidant protein. Comp Biochem Physiol C 148:94-99.
[3]. Albalat A, Saera-Vila A, Capilla E, Gutierrez J, Perez-Sanchez J, Navarro I (2007) Insulin regulation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and expression in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 148:151-159.
[4]. Alvarez-Ordónez A, Halisch J, Prieto M (2010) Changes in Fourier transform infrared spectra of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis after adaptation to stressful growth conditions. Int J Food Microbl 142:97-105
[5]. Annelies S, Randall Z, Johnson S, Nizet V (2007) Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) function in innate immunity and infection. J Mol Med 85:1339-1346.

Abstract: Cashew nut (Anacardium L.), Red beans (Vignaaguiculata L.), Baobab seed ( Adanosiadigitata L.), Soya bean (Glycine max L.), Tiger nut (Cyperusesculentus L.), White bambara nut (Vignasubsterranea L.), Kampala groundnut (Arachishypogaea L.), white bean (Vignaaguiculata L.), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and Maize (Zee mays L.) were analyzed for the presence of hydrogen cyanide in the form of cyanogenicglucoside. Qualitative analysis showed that all the samples studied contain hydrogen cyanide in form of cyanogenicglucosides.

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[3]. B.L. Moller and D.S. Seigler, Biosynthesis of cyanogenic glycosides, cyanolipids and related compounds. In B.K. Singh (Ed.), Plant amino acids biochemistry and biotechnology, (New York, Marcel Dekker, 1999) 563-609.
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Abstract: The objective of this research were to determine the morphological change of Penaeus monodon spermatophore and evaluate differentiation of sperm cell using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and abnormality of sperm cell in male shrimp broodstock aged 8, 11, 14, 17 and 20 months. Results showed that 8 month-old shrimp had the appearance of spermatophore morphology to transparent (T) color, and did not appear the production of sperm mass inside spermatophore.

[1] P. Menasveta, Mangrove destruction and shrimp culture systems, Thai Journal of Aquatic Science, 2(2), 1996, 72-82.
[2] D. Anantanasuwong, Shrimp Farming in Coastal Areas in Thailand and the Proposed Economic Instruments for Sustainable Shrimp Farming, School of Development Economics, National Institute of Development Administration, Bangkok, Thailand, 2001).
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Abstract: Morphometric analysis of a watershed is useful in comprehending the interaction of the operating processes and landform characteristics. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to study the morphometric characteristics of AmbilOdha (rivulet) watershed which is a part of Mutha river basin in Pune. For the detailed analysis of the watershed, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the area and Geographical Information System (GIS) were used for the assessment of the linear, areal and relief aspects of morphometric parameters. The aim of the study is to find out the concerned factors which played an important role in formation of the watershed.

[1]. Das, A.,Mondal, M., Das, B., and Ghosh, A. R., 2012.Analysis of drainage Morphometry and watershed prioritization in Bandu watershed, West Bengal through Remote Sensing and GIS technology.International journal of Geomatics and Geosciences, Vol.2 (4), pp. 995-1013.
[2]. Dingman, S. L., 2009. Fluvial Hydraulics. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 20-94.
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[4]. Fryirs, K. A. and Brierley, G. J., 2013.Geomorphic analysis of river systems: An approach to reading the landscape. West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell Publication, pp. 29-62.
[5]. Godbole, S. M., Rana, R. S., and Natu, S. R., 1996.Lava stratigraphy of Deccan basalts of western Maharashtra.Gondwana Geological Magazine Special Publication, Vol. 2, pp. 125–134.

Abstract: Pasta is a popular food and its quality can be measured by appearance, flavour and texture. Present study was undertaken to evaluate the quality of pasta supplemented with different quantities of aloe vera. In the present study four samples (C, C1, C2, and C3) of pasta were prepared by using refined wheat flour and different proportion of aloe vera gel. Sample C was prepared as control containing only refined wheat flour (100%) while sample C1 (refined wheat flour 99% aloe vera gel 1% ), C2 (refined wheat flour 97% aloe vera gel 3%) and C3 (refined wheat flour 95% aloe vera gel 5%) were prepared by changing the concentration of refined wheat flour and aloe vera gel.

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[4]. C.T. Ramachandra, P.S. Rao, Processing of Aloe Vera Leaf Gel: A Review, American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 3(2), 2008, 502-510.
[5]. S.W. Choi, B.W. Son, Y.S. Son, Y.I. Park, S.K. Lee, M.H. Chung, The Wound-Healing Effect of a Glycoprotein Fraction Isolated from Aloe vera, British Journal of Dermatology, 145(4), 2001, 535-545.

Abstract: Noise levels was evaluated using Extech 407780A precision integrated digital sound level meter in selected locations in Port Harcourt metropolis. The Leq values obtained were observed to exceed the allowable limit of 65dB (A) recommended by WHO (1999) and ISO (1996). The day-time and night-time noise levels revealed that the 65 dB (A) (day-time) and 55dB (A) (night-time) for commercial, busy road junctions and passenger loading bus stops were all exceeded. Similar trend was observed in residential areas where the 55 dB (A) (day-time) and 45 dB (A) (night-time) noise levels were all exceeded. The noise quality description of the city indicated hazardous noise levels for both day-time and night-time in commercial, busy road junctions and passenger loading bus stop, but showed good and satisfactory qualities in the residential areas for day-time and night-time, respectively.

[1]. Ahamad, J .A., Abbas, A., and Reem, S (2006). Evaluation of traffic noise pollution in Amman. Jordan, journal of environmental monitoring and assessment, 120:499-525.
[2]. Anomoharan, O., and Iserhein, E (2004). Environmental noise assessment study of Agbor metropolis in Delta State. Adv. Nat. Appl. Sci. Res., 2:168-174.
[3]. Bijay, K .S , and Shreerup, G (2013). Integration and comparison of assessment and modeling of road traffic noise in Baripada town, India. International journal of energy and environment, 4(2):303-310.
[4]. Bronzaft, A. L (2000). Noise combating a ubiquitous and hazardous pollutant. Noise health. 2:1-8.
[5]. Calixto, A., Diniz , F.B., and Zannin, P .H .T (2003).The statistical modeling of road traffic noise in an urban settings . Cities, 20 (11):23-29.

Abstract: A study on performance evaluation of natural circulation solar dryer (NCSD) for dehydration of cauliflower was carried out. The dryer can be used for drying various agricultural products like fruits and vegetables. During the study, cauliflower was successfully dried from moisture content of 90% to 10% on wet basis in 54 hours in natural circulation solar dryer. The performance of natural circulation solar dryer was also compared with electric tray dryer and solar tunnel dryer (STD). It was found that drying time in STD was minimum (46 hrs) as compared to electric tray dryer (48 hrs) and natural circulation solar dryer (54 hrs) for same commodity and reduction of moisture. The quality of cauliflower dried in natural circulation solar dryer and solar tunnel dryer was good in comparison to electric tray dryer.

Keywords: Cauliflower, Drying, Natural circulation solar dryer, Moisture content, Solar radiation

[1]. S.Singh, A.Singh, V.Singh, P.Khemariya, A. Rai, and A. K. Pandey, Steeping preservation of cauliflower with hurdle concept. Food Sci Technol, 2013, DOI 10.1007/s13197-013-1135-3.

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[4]. D. M. Kadam, D. V. K. Samule, , P. Chandra and H. S. Sikarwar , Impact of processing treatments and packaging material on some properties of stored dehydrated cauliflower, Int J Food Sci & Technol, 43, 2008, 1–14.

[5]. M. K. Gupta, V. K.Sehgal, D. M. Kadam, A. K. Singh and Y. K. Yadav. Effect of Bed Thickness on Cauliflower Drying. American Journal of Biochemistry 2012, 2(5), 2012, 56-61.

Abstract: A total of 20skin powder productwere sampled from market Sabon Gari (Bata) market Kano, with the aim of detecting the presence of chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd). The samples were processed, digested and analyzed for Cr and Cd using atomic absorption spectrophotometer VGP 210 Model. All the metals (Cr and Cd) were detected in all the samples, even though at different concentrations (P≤0.05).The concentration of the chromium was lower when compared with that of Cd. All the Cr and Cd concentration were beyond the permissible limits. Among the different brands of skin powder products studied, the highest Cr and Cd concentrationswerefound incategoriesrespectively.

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[5]. Baars, AJ, Theelen PJCM Janssen JM Van Apeldorn ME Meijrink MCM Verdam L., Zeilmaker, M.J(2001).Re-evaluation of human toxicological maximum permissible risk levels RIVM report 711701 025. National Institute of public health and the environment: Bilthoven, the Netherlands.

Abstract: Mercury (Hg) is the most toxic heavy metal among all the heavy metals and is the only heavy metal that is liquid at standard conditions of temperature and pressure. It can disrupt cellular function even at very low concentration. Fly ash dump site is a source of environmental mercury contamination as fly ash generated from coal burning retains this toxic metal of coal. The present work is aimed to isolate and characterize mercury resistant bacterial strains from settled fly ash sample of Mejia Thermal Power Plant of DVC, located at Bankura, West Bengal, India. Three types of isolates were recovered by enrichment culture technique and all of them showed resistance for Hg up to 150 ppm.

[1]. AB Mukherjee and R Zevenhoven R, Mercury in coal ash and its fate in the Indian subcontinent: A synoptic review, Sci Total Environ; 368(1): 2006, 384-92.
[2]. Z Wei, G Wu, RSu, C Li and P Liang, Mobility and contamination assessment of mercury in coal fly ash, atmospheric deposition, and soil collected from Tianjin, China, Environ Toxicol Chem.30(9): 2011,1997-2003. [3]. TW Clarkson, L Magos, The toxicology of mercury and its chemical compounds, Crit Rev Toxicol 36 (8): 2006, 609– 62.
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[5]. LM Prescott and JP Harley, 2002. Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology. 1st Edn., McGraw Hill Publ., New York, USA.

Abstract: Bees' belong to super family Apoidca Ashmcad of order Hymenoptcra of monophyletic super order aculcata (class insccta). These bees could be readily distinguished from all other Hymcnoptcrous. Mainly by presence of plumose or feather hair over their bodies. The studies have shown that the solitary bees are the dominant pollinators of angiospcrms that they constitute the most diverse group of flowers visiting insects in the areas. Bees are absolutely essential to the maintenance of the diversity in the flowering plants. A high species diversity in these bees in necessaries to maintains high angiosperms diversity. The loss of bee diversity will surely be accompanied by the loss of flowering.....

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