IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Evaluation of Fund for Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme in Nigeria: A Tool for Economic Growth and Development
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Atagana S. , Kalu C
	:	10.9790/0837-19630105

Abstract: Financing agricultural projects had suffered greatly because it was below the desired minimum to support economic growth. Hence, the establishment of Agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund to strengthen the contribution of the sector in economic development. This paper focuses on the effort to make empirical verification on variables like loan guarantee (AC), number of farmers benefited (NF)), Agricultural Produce (AO) and Non-oil export (OE) and their impact on GDP. The results show that variables, such as guaranteed loan, number of benefiting farmers, agricultural produce indicate positive sign and are significant in growth of GDP at 5% level of significance: The findings reveal that it is imperative to increase the number of farmers' beneficiary to agricultural loan scheme and agricultural produce if visible impact can be made on GDP from the sector. This is because the real sector economy has been neglected in Nigeria at the expense of the oil sector for several decades. Thus, this sector of the economy suffers consistently from overwhelming trade deficit from the international communities.

[1]. Abe, S.T. (1982). Nigerian farmers and their finance problems. Bulleon Magazine. 7:4.
[2]. Adegeye, A.J. and Dittoh, J.S. (1985) Essentials of Agricultural Economics. Impact Publishers Economics Nigeria Limited, Ibadan.
[3]. Ajetombi, O. Olarinde, O.L and Ayanwale, B.A. (2003) Productivity effect of Women in Agriculture Programme, JOSTAR, 6: 57 – 63.
[4]. Anyanwu, J.C., Oyefusi, A. and Oaikhenan, H. (1997). The Structure of the Nigerian Economy (1960 -1999), Awka. Joance Educational Publishers Limited P. 661.
[5]. Bartelmus P. (1994), Environment Growth and Development: The concept and strategies of sustainability, Routledge, London

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Concentricism in Nigeria's Foreign Policy
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Ashaver, Benjamin Teryima
	:	10.9790/0837-19630611

Abstract: Concentricism in Nigeria‟s foreign policy advocates that national interest should take precedent over other interests such that the welfare of the citizens should take priority over Nigeria‟s interests in the West African Sub-Region, Africa and the wider would. But in carrying out its foreign policy, the interest of Nigerians is not given due consideration, as while the country spends enormous resources in the of discharging its leadership role in Africa, the majority of Nigerian citizens suffer from absolute poverty at home.

[1]. Adeniji, O. (2005) "Cost and Dividends of Foreign Policy:, Foreign Policy in Nigeria‟s Democratic Transition. A Publication of the Presidential Advisory Council on International Relations. 2005. Abuja.
[2]. Akindele, R. A. (2003) "ECOWAS, Good Governance and Sub-Regional Security in West African", in Akindele, R. A. ed., Civil Society, Good Governance and the Challenges of Regional Security in West Africa. Ibadan. Vantage Publishers.
[3]. Akinrinade, See Dauda, S. (2006). Nigeria‟s Foreign Policy. Ibadan Daily Graphics, Nig. Ltd.
[4]. Ali, W. O. (2012). Nigeria in Regional Security Policy. Friedrich Ebert, Stipting.
[5]. Agwai, M. L. (2010). Nigeria‟s Military Capacity for Regional and Global Peace Support Operations. Lecture Delivered to participants of National Defence College, Course 18. Abuja, March 30, 2010

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Human Relations in Industry- Issues & Challenges
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sanjay Kumar Dixit
	:	10.9790/0837-19631218

Abstract: This paper introduces the development of Human Resource Management (HRM) from a historical perspective and explains the debate between HRM and Personnel Management. Thus, the paper identifies the historical developments and their impacts on HRM, outlines the development and functions of HRM, explains the differences between HRM and Personnel Management, evaluates "hard‟ and "soft‟ approaches to HRM, illustrates how diversity is an issue in Human Relations (HR) practice and finally considers HRM as an international issue. It concludes with a discussion about "hard‟ and "soft‟ models of HRM and its implications for the human resource manager.

[1]. Dessler, Gary. Human Resource Management. 10th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Pearson/Prentice-Hall, 2004.
[2]. Kleiman, Lawrence S. Human Resource Management: A Managerial Tool for Competitive Advantage. Cincinnati: South-Western College Publishing, 2000.
[3]. Lado, A.A., and M.C. Wilson. "Human Resource Systems and Sustained Competitive Advantage: A Competency-Based Perspective." Academy of Management Review 19, no. 4 (1994): 699–727.
[4]. Noe, Raymond A., et al. Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage. 5th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2006.
[5]. SHRM Online. Society for Human Resource Management. Available from http://www.shrm.org.
[6]. Simon, H.A., The New Science of Management Decision, New York, NY: Harper and Row, 1960.
[7]. Swanson, E. B. and M. J. Culnan, "Document-Based Systems for Management Planning and Control: A Classification, Survey, and Assessment", MIS Quarterly, 2, 4, Dec. 1978, 31-46.
[8]. Urban, G.L., "SPRINTER: A Tool for New Products Decision Makers," Industrial Management Review, 8, 2, Spring 1967, 43-54.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Perspective of Cultural Change in Korea and Its Effect on Multicultural Children
Country	:	Korea
Authors	:	Francis Brannen, Debra MacLellan
	:	10.9790/0837-19631930

Abstract: This paper is focusing on children in multicultural families. Some research has been conducted on migrants workers, their needs and evaluations, foreign brides, and mixed Koreans and the impact on these people, but little research has been conducted on the outcomes, needs, options, and effects of children of multicultural families here in Korea. Currently in Korea, there are over seven multicultural schools that enroll Amerasian Children; one Korean parent and one American parent, Damunhwa; one parent of Korean ethnicity and one parent of another country, and children of migrant workers. Our research was conducted in an Amerasian school in South Korea. The subject of education has been a sensitive topic both for ethnic Korean students and children of multicultural families. Multicultural children who attend Korean public schools often suffer from racial abuse, bullying, and exclusion. These children have trouble adapting to the Korean educational culture and encounter many barriers trying to adjust and conform. Many are discriminated against; suffer numerous forms of abuse, both physically and emotionally. Some say an educational alternative for multicultural students is providing separate schools for them. This brings many disadvantages for the students' integration into Korean society. The paper examines current initiatives in place regarding school policy and education, delves into the deeper effects on multicultural children and offers their perspectives of living in Korean society as well as offering solutions.
Keywords: multicultural education, discrimination, education policy, effects , integration, organizations

[1]. Brannen, F. (April 13, 2013). The Movement for the Cultural-Diversity of Koreans. Presentation to Daeyoung High School. Seoul, Republic of Korea
[2]. Brannen, F. (May 28, 2013). Separate and Unequal. Session 4: Health, Education & Welfare - Discussion. The 1st International Conference for the Development of Multiculturalism in Asia. Seoul, Republic of Korea.
[3]. Bring Your I.D. (May 18, 2013) A Forum of Mixed Koreans to help promote the social awareness of Koreans in Korea sponsored by ASK and M.A.C.K. Foundation, Seoul, South Korea.
[4]. Cho, M. (July 19, 2012). Discrimination Against Multiracial Families. Retrieved March 20th, 2013 from http://www.humanrightskorea.org/2012/discrimination-against-multicultural-families-bi-ethnic-children-and-foreign-immigrant-workers/
[5]. Diggs-Yang, G.C. (April 12, 2013). The Movement for the Cultural Diversity of Koreans. Presentation to Sangil Girls High School. Seoul, Republic of Korea

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Beware Of the Consequences of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation Implications for Students' Learning
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Garima Bansal
	:	10.9790/0837-19633136

Abstract: Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) is conceptualized as a way of reforming the traditional examination regime, particularly board examinations, in India which has gained quite notoriety owing to its prime focus on education selection and certification. It is argued in this paper that though CCE is perceived as a panacea by making provisions of pupil assessment on a regular and comprehensive basis but in an examination driven culture its' vision does not translate into reality owing to several reasons. This paper delineates the impact of CCE on students' learning by utilizing an interpretative research methodology and offers suggestions to improve the assessment scenario for larger good.

[1]. Black, P. &. (1998). Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in education: princilples, policy and practice, 5(1).
[2]. Black, P. W. (2001). Inside the Balckbox: Raising standa0rds through classroom assessment. BERA final draft.
[3]. Broadfoot, P. (2008). An Introduction to Assessment. continum.
[4]. Brown, G. T. (2008). Students' conceptions of assessment: Links to outcomes. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice, 15(1), 3-17.
[5]. Cowie, B. (2005). Pupils' commentary on assessment for learning. Curriculum Journal, 16(2), 137-151.
[6]. Dore, R. (1997). the argument of diploma disease. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice, 4(1), 23-32.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Teacher Efficacy on Professional Development of Higher Secondary School Teachers of Kerala
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Muhammed Amanulla. A.K, Dr. P.K. Aruna
	:	10.9790/0837-19633741

Abstract: This study was conducted to find out the effect of teacher efficacy on professional development of higher secondary school teachers of Kerala, India. For this 350 teachers were selected through stratified random sampling. Teacher efficacy scale and questionnaire of professional development of higher secondary school teachers were used for collecting the data. The t test has been applied to test the significance of difference between mean scores of teacher efficacy and professional development based on gender, type of school management and experience. The result revealed that there are significant differences between male and female teachers, government and private school teachers and more experienced and less experienced teachers in the mean scores of professional development. Similarly,teacher efficacy of government and private school teachers is significantly different. Teacher efficacy of male and female teachers and more experienced and less experienced are not significantly different. It was further revealed that there is no significant effect of teacher efficacy on professional development of teachers. It was concluded that no significant difference exists between the groups with regard to their professional development.
Keywords: Teacher efficacy, professional development, Higher secondary school

[1]. Fenstermacher, G. D., & Berliner, D. C. (1983). A conceptual frame work for the analysis of staff development. Unpublished manuscript, Santa Monica,California: Rand Corporation.
[2]. National Curriculum Frame Work (2005) .National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi.
[3]. Report of the committee for review of national policy on education 1986, 26th December, 1990, New Delhi.
[4]. Report of Indian Education Commission,1964-66, National Council of Educational Research and Training, NIE Campus, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi.
[5]. Ashton, P.T. & Webb, R.B. (1986). Teacher efficacy and student achievement. New York, N.Y.: Longman.
[6]. Guskey, T. R. (1988). Context variables that affect measures of teacher efficacy. Journal of Educational Research,81(1), 41-47.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Migration, Education, and Externalities
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Rahul Gupta Choudhury
	:	10.9790/0837-19634251

Abstract: Migration is an age-old phenomenon across the world. It has been seen that people migrate to improve their lot. It is a logical decision based on cost-benefit analysis. This paper goes into the details of motivation of the phenomenon called migration. For a large part of the discussion, the references and data/information has been drawn from the European Union. The main reasons are that data is easily available, migration to developed European countries have been going on for quite some time, and the phenomenon has generated a fair lot of debate and politics in the recent years. This paper attempts to look at it from a scholarly point of view, particularly emphasizing on the relationship between returns to migration and education. The paper has also gone one step ahead and analyzed the situation and attempts to explain from the point of view of the economic phenomenon of 'externalities'. The analysis throws up some interesting observations which will hold true irrespective of the geographical incidence of the phenomenon. Symmetric and easily available information on labor markets will help in better match of demand and supply of skills, and thus help the educated individuals to get better returns on their investment in education – a higher return on human capital.
Keywords: Migration, Education, Externalities, Human Capital, European Union

[1]. Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés; Tselios, Vassilis; Returns to migration, education and externalities in the European Union; Papers in Regional Science, Volume 89 Number 2 June 2010.
[2]. Acemoglu D, Angrist J (2001) How large are human capital externalities? Evidence from compulsory schooling laws.NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2000 15: 9–59
[3]. Axelsson R, Westerlund O (1998) A panel study of migration, self-selection and household real income. Journal ofPopulation Economics 11: 113–126
[4]. Basu K, Narayan A, Ravallion M (2001) Is literacy shared within households? Theory and evidence for Bangladesh.Labour Economics 8: 649–665
[5]. Becker GS (1962) Investment in human capital: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Political Economy 70: 9–49
[6]. López-Bazo E, Vayá E, Artís M (2004) Regional externalities and growth: Evidence from European regions. Journal of Regional Science 44: 43–73

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Investigation into the Underlying Factors Responsible For Low Performance of Educational System: A Nigerian Perspective
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Orenaiya Solomon Adewale
	:	10.9790/0837-19635257

Abstract: One of the major ways of improving the quality of human resources is to provide education to citizens, while the indices for measuring its performance are the level of quality of input, processes and the products/outcomes. The low quality level recorded is connected with multiple factors arising from teaching staff, Government(teaching facilities/teaching resources, funds),parents, students and society.Athough,external variables such as policies, political unstability,economy recession and technology advancement cannot be totally excluded. But, the shortages of teaching staff, ineffective supervision, less teaching resources, examination malpractices and misappropriation of funds ) will be focused by this paper considering the nature,causes,consequences and remedies.Therefore,research questions on the measuring indices of education are formulated while tools for collection of data are questionnaires and interview with the results analysis in percentages aligning to qualitative than quantitive.A visible results showed that misappropriation of funds constitute the moderating indice which can eliminate or drastically reduce other indicators. At the end, suggestions were made while further studies on ineffective supervision of educational institutions can be extensively explored as a strategic roadmap.
Keywords: factors, low performance, education system and Nigeria.

[1]. Omotosho, H.M (1990).The face of examination malpractices in Nigeria.WAEC News,4(3).3-5 and a stigma on school effectiveness in Nigeria.
[2]. Ijaiya, N.Y.S (2004).Agents of Examination Malpractices in Nigeria public examinations. The strongest links in Nigeria. A publication of the National Association of Educational Researchers&Evaluators,5(1)55-62.
[3]. Isola&Alani (2013).Examination Malpractices in Paul Salisu Ojonemi et al: Challenges to human resources development in Nigeria. International journal of capacity building in education and management.(IJCBEM)Volume 2,No 1,91-101.
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