iosr-Jm   Volume-15 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2019

Abstract: The aim of this research paper is to derive an accurate relationship between degree and radian in very small level of angle. This relationship is called as "Quantum Relationship". The Value of Pi (π) has been calculated in degree as well as radian (number) using this relationship

Key Word: Degree, Radian, Linear, Nonlinear, Pi (π)

[1]. Archimedes; Little Heath, Sir Thomas; (2002). The Works of Archimedes. Courier Corporation. ISBN - 0-486-42084-1.
[2]. Srinjoy Srimani , A Geometrical Derivation of π (Pi), IOSR Journal of Mathematics (IOSR-JM), e-ISSN: 2278-5728, p-ISSN: 2319-
[3]. 765X. Volume 11, Issue 6 Ver. 1 (Nov. - Dec. 2015), PP 19-22
[4]. Laxman S. Gogawale ,Exact Value of Pi (Π), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1881-1903..

Abstract: TIn this research work, we applied different exact methods on Travelling salesman problem and Capaciated Vehicle routing problem which are some of the variants of Vehicle routing problem. For each of the problem considered, Branch and cut was applied on traveling salesman problem and colon generation technique was used on capacitated vehicle routing problem. We obtained optimal solution and hence; These methods can be used to solve similar problem to optimality.

Key Word: Branch-and-Cut, Column Generation, Capaitated vehicle Routing Problem, Travelling Salesman problem, Vehicle Routing Problem

[1]. A. A. Ibrahim, N. Lo,R. O. Abdulaziz, and J. A. Ishaya. CAPACITATED VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM. International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah, 7(3):310–327, 2019.
[2]. Paolo Toth and Daniele Vigo, An overview of vehicle routing problems, The vehicle routing problem, SIAM, 2002, pp. 126.
[3]. Bruce L Golden, Subramanian Raghavan, and Edward A Wasil, The vehicle routing problem: latest advances and new challenges, vol. 43, Springer Science & Business Media, 2008.
[4]. Gilbert Laporte, The vehicle routing problem: An overview of exact and approximate algo- rithms, European journal of operational research 59 (1992), no. 3, 345358.
[5]. Frdric Semet, Paolo Toth, and Daniele Vigo, Chapter 2: Classical exact algorithms for the capacitated vehicle routing problem, Vehicle Routing: Problems, Methods, and Appli- cations, Second Edition, SIAM, 2014, pp. 3757.

Abstract: This paper aims to look at the concept of optimization at capsule level in a supply chain to avoid bottlenecks that exists in manufacturing facility. Usually a supply chain consists of raw material supplier, manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer and customer. This paper concentrates on specific capsule called process operations in which the inspection line process operations in an Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinder manufacturing unit is optimized. Task Bottleneck Generalized Assignment Problem (TBGAP) aims at assigning the suitable quality supervisors to each process inspection stage and at the same time avoiding the defects in all these stages. Here optimizing the response time of the system.......

Key Word: Task Bottleneck, Generalized assignment problem, capsule, supply chain, response time. *Associate Professor, SGI-SET, Villupuram, TN ** Sr.Technical Director, National Informatics Centre, Vijayawada, A.P *** Registrar, Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupathi A.P India

[1]. Aggarwal.V,V.G. Tikekar, L.-F. Hsu,( 1986), Bottleneck assignment problems under categorization, Computers & Operations Research vol.13 no.1pp.11–26
[2]. Bianco .L,M. Bielli, A. Mingozzi, S. Ricciardelli, M.Spadoni, (1992), A heuristic procedure for the crew rostering problem, European Journal of Operational Research vol. 58 no.2,
[3]. pp- 272–283
[4]. Bill Wild Jr, Kirk R. Karwan and Mark H. Karwan (1993), the multiple bottleneck transportation problems, Computers & Operations Research, Volume 20, Issue 3, Pages 261-274
[5]. Burkard. R.E., F. Rendl, Lexicographic bottleneck problems, (1991), Operations Research Letters vol.10 no.5, pp 303–308

Abstract: All the past study of universal portfolios of generating the next-day portfolio given the current-day portfolio is focused on using divergences or pseudo divergences. In this paper, it is shown how a universal portfolio can be generated by using an inequality ratio. Specifically, the Cauchy-Schwarz and Hölder inequalities are exploited to generate the universal portfolios. The method can be extended to include increasing functions of the inequality ratios to provide a more general setting. An empirical study of the performance of the Hölder ratio universal portfolio is presented based on selected stock portfolios from the local stock exchange.

Key Word: Hölder's inequality,inequality ratio, investment, universal portfolio

[1]. T.M. Cover, Universal portfolios, Mathematical Finance, vol. 1, pp. 1-29, Jan 1991.
[2]. T.M. Cover and Ordentlich, Universal portfolios with side information, IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 348-363, Mar 1996.
[3]. C.P. Tan, Performance bounds for the distribution-generated universal portfolios, Proc. 59th ISI World Statistics Congress, Hong Kong, pp. 5327-5332, 2013.
[4]. D.P. Helmbold, R.E. Shapire, Y. Singer and M.K. Warmuth, On-line portfolio selection using multiplicative updates, Mathematical Finance, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 325-347, Oct 1998.
[5]. C.P. Tan and K.S. Kuang, Universal portfolios generated by the f and Bregman divergences, IOSR Journal of Mathematics, vol. 14, pp. 19-25, May-June 2018.

Abstract: In this study we present a two-stage adaptive estimator p^A of prevalence in the presence of test errors. We assume that tests are not 100 % perfect. We obtain the adaptive estimator using Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) method and use Fisher information to determine the variance of the estimator. We use Matlab, for simulation and veri cation of the model. We analyse and discuss the properties of the constructed.....

Key Word: Pooling, Prevalence, Test errors, Likelihood.

[1] Bhattacharyya, G.K., Karandinos, M.G., and DeFoliart, G. R. (1979). Point estimates and con dence intervals for infection rates using pooled organisms in epidemiologic studies. American journal of epidemiology 109,124-131.
[2] Brookmeyer, R. (1999). Analysis of multistage pooling studies of biological spec-imens for estimating disease incidence and prevalence. Biometrics 55,608-612.
[3] Chiang, C. L. and Reeves, W. C. (1962). Statistical estimation of virus infection rates in mosquito vector populations. American journal on hygiene 75, 377-391
[4] Dorfman R. (1943). The detection of defective members of large populations. Annals of mathematical statistics 14, 436-440.
[5] Hughes-Oliver J.M. and Swallow W.H. (1994), A two-stage adaptive group test-ing procedure for estimating small proportions. American statistical association 89, 982-993.

Abstract: The term "iterative method" refers to a wide range of techniques which use successive approximations to obtain more accurate solutions. In this research an attempt to solve systems of linear equations of the form AX=b, where A is a known square and positive definite matrix. we are going to compare three iterative methods for solving linear system of equations namely (Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel, Conjugate Gradient). To achieve the required solutions more quickly we shall demonstrate algorithms for each of these methods. Then using Matlab language these algorithms are transformed and then used as iterative methods for solving these linear systems of linear equations. Moreover we compare the results and outputs of the various methods of solutions of a numerical example...................

Key Word: Convergent, conjugate, gradient, symmetric, positive definite and successive

[1]. Bergamaschi.L, Pini.G, and Sartoretto.F, (2003). The Concepts of Convergent in Unconstrained Optimization Problems. Journal of Computational Physics Vol 20, 188, 318
[2]. Burden .R.L. and Faires.J.D.,(2011) Numerical Analysis (Brooks Cole Pub).
[3]. Emmanuel . F.S. (2015): Computational and Applied Techniques in Solving Systems of Equations, International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR), Volume-2, Issue-2.
[4]. Fletcher .R and Powek.M.J.D (2015): A rapid Convergent Descent Method for Minimization Problems. The Journal Computer and Applied Mathematics, Vol 7, 163-168
[5]. Fletcher. R. and Reeves. C.M, (2014): Functions Minimization by Conjugate Gradients Method , Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Vol 7, 149-153.

Abstract: In this paper we will give generalizations of polynomials with complex coefficients when we have
only real or imaginary parts of the coefficients..

Key Word: Enestrom-Kakeya Theorem, Maximum modulus principal, Schwarz's lemma.

[1]. A.Joyal,G.Labelle, and Q.I.Rahman, On the location of zeros of polynomials, Canadian Math. Bull.,10(1967),55-63.
[2]. E.Titchmarsh, The Theory of Functions, Oxford Univeristy Pree (Oxford, 1932).
[3]. G.Enestrom, Harledning af en allamn formel for antalet pensionarer…, Ofv. Af. Kungl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingen,
No.6 (Stockholm,1893)
[4]. K.K.Dewan and N.K Govil, On the Enestorm-kakeya Theorem, J.Approx. Theory,42 (1984),239-244.
[5]. M.Marden, Gepmetry of polynomials, Amer. Math. Soc. Math. Surveya 3 (1996).

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the almost sure exponential stabilization of linear and nonlinear stochastic systems by stochastic feedback control with Levy noises from discrete-time observations. By the technique of generalized Ito formula for Levy stochastic integral, Borel-Cantelli lemma, Burkholder-Davis-Gundy inequality, Holder inequality and Gronwall inequality, the almost sure exponential stabilization of the linear and nonlinear stochastic systems are studied and the sufficient conditions are provided..

Key Word:Levy noises, stochastic delay system, almost sure exponential stabilization, stochastic feedback control, discrete-time observations

[1]. W. Chen, S. Xu, Y. Zou, Stabilization of hybrid neutral stochastic differential delay equations by delay feedback control, Systems
Control Lett, 2016, 88, 1-13.
[2]. S. You, W. Liu, J. Lu et al., Stabilization of hybrid systems by feedback control based on discrete-time state observations, SIAM J.
ControlOptim, 2015, 53, 905-925.
[3]. Z. Wang, Y. Liu, X. Liu, Exponential stabilization of a class of stochastic system with markovian jump parameters and
mode-dependent mixed timedelays, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 2010, 55, 1656-1662.
[4]. H. Qiao, J. Duan, Lyapunov exponents of stochastic differential equations driven by Levy processes, Dyn. Syst. 2015, 1-15.
[5]. Y. Ren, H. Dai, R. Sakthivel, Approximate controllability of stochastic differential systems driven by Levy process, Internat. J.
Control, 2013, 86, 1158-1164..

Abstract: Sandalwood is an Indonesian native plant that grows endemic in East Nusa Tenggara Province. Sandalwood is the only one of the 22 species of the genus Santalum in the world, grown naturally in Indonesia. On NTT Island, formerly known as "Island with Sandalwood Carpet", within 10 years (1987 to 1997) the number of sandalwood trees decreased by 53.95%, from 554,942 trees to 250,940 trees. This condition requires the existence of sandalwood management policies from the Provincial Government so that sandalwood sustainability is maintained and at the same time provides economic benefits for the region. In formulating management policies, tree growth information is needed which can be presented in the form of a growth model. The research conclusion is sandalwood.........

Key Word: Sandalwood, growth model

[1]. Burkhart, H.E. 2003. Suggestion for choosing an appropriate level for modelling forest stand.In Amaro A, Reed D, Soares P, editors. Modelling Forest System. CABI Publishing.
[2]. Panwar,S. 2010. Non Linear Growth Model. http://www.iasri.res.in/ebook/FET/Chap %2010_Nonlinear_Sanjeev.pdf . Accessed on 12 December 2018.
[3]. Putranto, B. (2010). Model Distribusi Diameter, Volume dan Pertumbuhan Lima Jenis Pohon pada Hutan Tropika Basah di Mamuju. Disertasi Pascasarjana Universitas Hasanuddin. Makassar
[4]. Raharjo, S. A. 2014. Dikelola Pemerintah Daerah, Jumlah Kayu Cendana Menurun Drastis. https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/9067-dikelola.pemerintah.daerah.jumlah.kayu.cendana.menurun.drastis. Accessed on 7 December 2018.
[5]. Suhaendi, H. 2006. Kajian Aspek-aspek Silvikultur Cendana (Santalum album) di Indonesia. Makalah Penunjang pada Prosiding Gelar Teknologi Cendana ""Cendana Untuk Rakyat : Pengembangan Cendana di Lahan Masyarakat"" di Denpasar. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan dan Konservasi Alam. Bogor

Abstract: In this paper the soft bitopological space has been extended to Soft Tritopological Space and (1,2,3)∗ soft b open sets and (1,2,3)∗ soft b closed sets in soft Tritopological Space has been defined .Some properties on (1,2,3)∗ soft b open sets has been proved. Also the relation between 1,2,3 ∗ soft regular open, 1,2,3 ∗ soft preopen, 1,2,3 ∗ soft semi open, 1,2,3 ∗ soft 𝛼 open, 1,2,3 ∗ soft 𝛽 open in soft tritopological space has been discussed..

Key Word:1,2,3 ∗soft b open set, 1,2,3 ∗ soft b closed set, 1,2,3 ∗soft regular open, 1,2,3 ∗soft pre open, 1,2,3 ∗soft semi open, 1,2,3 ∗soft 𝛼 open, 1,2,3 ∗soft 𝛽open.

[1]. AsmhanFliehHassan,SoftTritopologicalSpaces,International Journal of Computer Application (0975-8887)Volume 176-
No.9.October 2017
[2]. Barathi B, Sathiya S, Ramesh Kumar T, On Soft SGB-Closed Sets In soft Bitopological spaces, International Journal of Advance
Engineering and ResearchDevelopment, Volume4,Issue 12,December-2017
[3]. Basavaraj,Ittanagi M , Soft Bitopological Spaces,International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887)Volume 107(2014)
[4]. Hazra H,MajumdarP,Samanta S K,Soft Topology, Springer,2012
[5]. Indhu S,MathiSujithaT, Ramesh Kumar T,On Soft Gsr-Closed Sets In soft Bitopological space, International Journal of Engineering
Development and Research,Volume 6,Issue 1,ISSN:2321-9939

Abstract: Malaria remains a major infectious disease that affects millions of people. Once infected with Plasmodium parasites, a host can develop a broad range of clinical presentations which result from complex interactions between factors derived from the host, the parasite and the environment. Clinical study of malaria presents a modeling challenge as patients' disease status and progress is partially observed and assessed at discrete clinic visit times. Since patients initiate visits based on symptoms, intense research has focused on identification of reliable prediction for exposure, susceptibility to infection and development of severe malaria complications. Despite detailed literature on malaria infection and transmission, very little has been documented in the existing literature...........

Key Word:data, distribution, fit, symptom, symptom dataset, probit

[1]. Musa MI, SHohaimi S, Hashim NR, Krishnarajah, (2012). A climate based distribution model of malaria transmission in Sudan.
Geospatial Health 7(1), 27-36.
[2]. Wang Xiang, David Sontag, and Fei Wang, (2014). Unsupervised learning of disease progression Models. In Proceedings of the
20th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge Discovery and data mining, pages 85-94.
[3]. Ceusters W and Smith B (2009). Malaria Diagnosis and the Plasmodium Life Cycle: the BFO Perspective. Nature Precedings.
[4]. Gilles H.M and D.A Warrell (1993). Bruce-Chwatts Essential Malariology, Third Edition. Edward Arnold, London.
[5]. Martins et al.(2015). Clustering symptoms of non-severe malaria in semi-immune Amazonian patients. PeerJ.