iosr-Jm   Volume-22 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. – Apr. 2026

Abstract : The primary aim of this study is to design an encryption–decryption algorithm that integrates Bhāskara’s cyclic technique, XOR operations, and LU factorization of a non-singular matrix for structured key generation. A comprehensive numerical illustration is provided to verify the accuracy, reversibility, and practical applicability of the proposed scheme. This research demonstrates a constructive synthesis between traditional Indian mathematical knowledge systems (IKS) and contemporary lightweight cryptographic methodologies.

Keywords: Bhāskara’s Cyclic Technique, XOR Logic, LU decomposition of a Matrix, Cryptography

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[2]. Dixit Sandeep, Dobahl Girish, Pandey Shweta: Encrypt And Decrypt Messages Based On LU Decomposition Using Multiple Keys, International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research, ISSN 2277-8616, Vol. 8, Issue 11, November 2019 Pp. 3347-3351.
[3]. Forouzan Behrouz A: Cryptography & Network Security, Mcgraw Hill Education, 2007.
[4]. Garg Satish Kumar: Cryptography Using XOR Cipher, Research Journal Of Science And Technology, ISSN 0975-4393 (Print), Vol. 09, Issue-01, January -March 2017.
[5]. Kahate Atul: Cryptography And Network Security, Tata Mcgraw Hill, New Delhi, 2008.

Abstract : This study proposes a novel EOQ-based inventory model for deteriorating items under seasonal demand Variation, inflation, and investment in preservation technology Demand is modeled time- dependent Seasonal function while deterioration is treated as controllable through preservation efforts, Creating a cost-benefit trade-off between technology investment and spoilage reduction. The time value of money and inflation are incorporated using a discounted Cash flow approach to reflect realistic economic condition. A Comprehensive total Cost function is formulated including Ordering, holding, deterioration, preservation investment and inflation-adjusted costs.......

Keywords: Perishable inventory System, Seasonal demand, Preservation technology optimization, Inflation-adjusted costs, EOQ model, Deterioration control.

[1]. Abad, P.L. (2000): Optimal Lot Size For A Perishable Good Under Condition Of Neither Production And Partial Backordering And Lost Sale. Computer & Industrial Engineering, Pp457-465
[2]. Buzacott (1975): Deteriorating Inventory Model With Variable Holding Cost And Price Dependent Time Varying Demand. Operational Research Quarterly, 26(3), 553-558
[3]. Covert, R.P. & Philip. GC. (1973). An EOQ Model For Items With Weibull Distribution Deterioration. Alle Transactions, 5(4), 323-326
[4]. Donaldson, W.A (1977). Inuentory Replenishment Policy For A Linear Bend In Demand: An Analytical Solution. Operational Research Quarterly, 28(3), 663-670
[5]. Dye, CY. And Ouyang, L.Y (2005): An EOQ Model For Perishable Item Under Stock Dependent Selling Rate And Time-Dependent Partial Backlogging. European Journal Of Operation Research, 163, PP776-783

Abstract : In this paper study develops an inventory model for deteriorating items under a realistic market environment characterized by time-dependent demand, time-varying holding cost, and inflation. Traditional Economic Order Quantity models assume constant demand and holding costs; however, such assumptions are often impractical in dynamic economic conditions. In this study, the demand rate is considered as a function of time, while holding cost.......

Keywords: Economic Order Quantity; Deteriorating Items; Time-Dependent Demand; Time-Varying Holding Cost; Inflation; Optimal Replenishment Policy

[1]. Bhunia, A. K., & Maiti, M. (1998). A two-parameter deteriorating inventory model with time-dependent demand and shortages. International Journal of Systems Science, 29(12), 1325–1333.
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[3]. De, S. K., & Chaudhuri, K. S. (1986). An EOQ model with time-dependent demand and shortages. International Journal of Systems Science, 17(1), 61–68.
[4]. Dey, B. K., Giri, B. C., & Maiti, M. (2022). A sustainable inventory model for deteriorating items with time-varying demand and inflation. Annals of Operations Research, 315, 987–1008.
[5]. Ghare, P. M., & Schrader, G. F. (1963). A model for exponentially decaying inventory. Journal of Industrial Engineering,14,238–243.

Abstract : In this manuscript, we put forward a modified difference estimator with Exponential Dual to Ratio (EDR) as intercept for estimation of population mean with an aim to study mean square error (MSE)and efficiency of the suggested class of estimator over classical estimators. The proposed model has been discussed along with the numerical illustration. The estimators have higher percent relative efficiency in comparison to the existing estimators.

Keywords: Difference estimator, Auxiliary variable, Exponential dual to ratio, Bias, Mean square error (MSE), Efficiency.

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