iosr-jmca   Volume-5 ~ Issue-2 ~ March – April 2018

ABSTRACT: Wireless networks have become constant in our everyday life due to ever increasing users and applications. With newer and sophisticated protocols emerging every day, traditional distributed environments and static allocation of frequency spectrum could no longer meet the needs of current wireless technology. This problem is heightened by diverse technologies and inflexible spectrum management approaches as ordinary wireless network architecture cannot self-organize without a central control. Cognitive Radio (CR) technology as solution to spectrum under-utilization problem offered in this research implement learning and adaptation to reuse spectrum holes. A Cognitive Radio Multiple...........

Keywords: cognitive radio, mobility, reconfiguration,sdr, sdn, spectrum hole, zone based routing

[1] G. Ghosh, P. Das and S. Chatterjee, Cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access - a study, International Journal of Next-Generation Networks, 6(1), 2014, 44-60.
[2] IEEE 802.22 WG on WRANs (Wireless Regional Area Networks). Accessed 25/11/2015 from http://www.ieee802.org/22/.
[3] J.L. Mauri, K.Z. Ghafoor, D.B. Rawat, J. Samuel and A. Perez. Cognitive networks: application and deployments Technology and Engineering Google Books, 2014, 1st ed. CRC Press Amazon.
[4] S. Raman and N.P. Singh, An algorithm for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio under noise uncertainty, International Journal of Future Generation Comm. and Networking,7(3), 2014, 61-68

[5] P. Yadav, S. Chatterjee and P. Bhattacharya, A survey on dynamic spectrum access techniques in cognitive radio. International Journal of Next-Generation Networks, 4(4), 2012, 27-46.

ABSTRACT: Graduating students are given stipend generously in Saudi Arabia. This research was conducted as it is observed that most of college students received a monthly stipend but had no money in their bank accounts. Most of the students in the Eastern Province don't pay heavy tuition fees, semester fees, examinations fees, for hostel accommodation etc., for completing their Degree. They spend more than what they have receivedfrom college and had no idea about savings.Why students both male and female tend to over spend was a pertinent question. It was decided to identify the root cause and problems in handling stipend money by Business administration (Management) students. The reason for choosing Business Administration students was they have many finance courses yet they don't have thrift. The study was conducted to find out what they do with their money and why this financial struggle. A questionnaire was circulated to collect data and information fromManagement students who are doing Management Information System/ Informatics Systems and Business Administration in Saudi Arabia.

Keywords: Graduate Spending Pattern, Savings

[1]. College Students are Spending Their Money Smartly | Money. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2017, from http://time.com/money/4253070/college-student-money-management-sallie-mae/
[2]. How College Students Spend and Save Money! (2013, January 30). Retrieved October 22, 2017, from http://blog.flywire.com/2013/01/30/infographic-how-college-students-spend-and-save-money/
[3]. Jake Butler in Student Budgeting Updated 26 September 2017 Tweet. (2017, September 26). What do students spend their money on? Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://www.savethestudent.org/money/student-budgeting/what-do-students-spend-their-money-on.html
[4]. O. (2011, September 14). How College Students Are Spending Their Money. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from http://www.businessinsider.com/how-college-students-are-spending-their-money-2011-8
[5]. Top 5 Things College Students Spend Their Money On. (2017, August 27). Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://www.theodysseyonline.com/the-top-5-things-college-students-spend-their-money-on

ABSTRACT: E-Commerce has turned into a need for organizations, especially independent companies hoping to augment benefit by utilizing financially savvy web based marketing strategies. Sufficient framework investigation and plan techniques are required to achieve fully functioning user-friendly and re-scalable e-Commerce systems. Be that as it may, the cost factor embedded in putting up an online presence has been a noteworthy downside for entrepreneurs and this prompted the development of an e-commerce framework (O. Cart). The design of the framework was done using HTML and CSS for the interface, a scripting language (PHP) and MYSQL for the backend. The developed system was implemented on Intel Pentium 64bits using formulated data. The implementation showed that the developed system will be promising.

Keywords: Cloud Computing, e-Commerce, Model-view-controller, Business –to- business-commerce

[1] Turban E., Lee J., King D. and Chung H.M. (1999) ―Electronic Commerce: A Managerial Perspective‖, Prentice Hall.
[2] Shaw M.J., Blanning R., Strader T., and Whinson A. (2001), e-Commerce: State of Art, ‖ Handbook on Electronic Commerce, eds., chapter 1, pp. 3-24, Springer.
[3] Bcigalupo, D; Wills, G; De Rouse D; Victor, (2010), A categorization of cloud computing business models: IEEE/ACM, May 2010.
[4] Chauvel Franck, Hui Song, Nicolas Ferry, Franck Fleurey, (2015), Evaluating robustness of cloud-based systems. Journal of Cloud ComputingA Springer IOpenJornal.
[5] Head M., and Hassanei K. (2002) ―Trust in e-commerce: Evaluating the impact of third-party seals‖, Quarterly journal of e-commerce. https://www.mindtree.com/perspectives/brochures/solutions-ecommerce-industry

ABSTRACT: Malicious Software otherwise known as Malware is software used or developed by attackers with the intent of disrupting computer operations. It can also be used to gather sensitive information, or to gain access to private computer systems. Today, devastating effects of Malware are not limited to individuals, but also governments, industries and financial institutions. It is very easy to send Malware to targets even at a very remote distance. Most of the users and other beneficiaries of the computer and Information Technology facilities are oblivious of the fact that there are Malware that often bypass their traditional security protection techniques and reside on their computer systems undetected. Users of computer systems face evolving challenges that they are not prepared...........

Keywords: Software, Malicious, Awareness, Methods, Protection

[1]. Acquisti A, et al (2006), "Imagined Communities Awareness, Information Sharing and Privacy on the Facebook" in 6th Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies.
[2]. Babu M. et al (2012), "What is Cybercrime"http://www.ncpc.org/resources/files/pdf/Internet-safety.
[3]. Benevenuto, F. et al (2009), "Detection Spammers and Content Promoters in Online Video Social Networks", In proceedings of the 32nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pages 620-627. ACM , 2009.
[4]. Brenner J et al (2013), "Online Adults are Social Networking Site Users", http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2013/social-networking -sites/Findings.aspx,2013
[5]. Danezis G. (2004), "Better Anonymous Communications‟ PhD thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004.

ABSTRACT: This work develops a system using a simulation platform (openWNS) for performance evaluation and comparison of the frequency re-use in both sectored cluster and non-sectored cluster in cellular networks. The Signal to Noise ratio in a sectored cluster is compared to a non-sectored cluster.The number of handoffs that occurs when a communication is on, was also tested in the simulation environment in both sectored cluster and non-sectored cluster. In any radio network, the number of simultaneous calls that may occur is governed largely by the available frequency spectrum and the number of channels that can be supported by the available bandwidth.

Keywords: Frequency re-use, sectored cluster, non-sectored cluster

[1]. Ahaneku M.A and Chijindu V.C (2013) Frequency re-use and the implications of limited network resources in cellular mobile systems. Global Advanced Research Journal of Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ISSN: 2315-5124) Vol. 2(6) pp. 167-172, July, 2013. Available online http://garj.org/garjeti/index.htm

[2]. ShompaSharminSultana ,FarhanaAfroz and A.K.M. FazlulHaque (2015) Analysis On Fractional Frequency Reuse Factor Over Traditional Frequency Reuse Factor In Cellular System. International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN) Vol. 7, No. 5, October 2015 DOI : 10.5121/ijwmn.2015.7506 77

[3]. L. Fang and X. Zhang, "Optimal fractional frequency reuse in OFDMA based wireless networks," in Proc. Intl. Conf. on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Crete Island, Greece, October 2008, pp. 1–4.

[4]. Hossein Fotouhi, Marco Zúñiga, Mário Alves, AnisKoubâa, and Pedro Marrón(2012) Smart-HOP: A Reliable Handoff Mechanism for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

ABSTRACT: The uses and gratifications (U&G) theory has been widely used in research related to conventional media and now the internet media and mobile platforms. In Malaysia, a number of Internet-related studies revolve around the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM) and most studies on U & G have been conducted in the U.S. and U.K., but not Asia. This study will focus specifically on WeChat, a popular instant messaging platform, to obtain information that will add to the limited research on U & G in Malaysia in the context of the internet media. WeChat was launched in China in 2011 and to date there are 500 million users in China and over 100 million outside China. WeChat was launched in Malaysia in June 2012 and currently it is used by 33% of the total number of Malaysians using instant messaging applications in Malaysia.This study on WeChat and U & G will focus on the following research.........

Keywords: social media, usage & gratifications, social motivations, process motivation & content motivation

[1] . Abolfazli, S., Sanaei, Z., Gani, A., Xia, F., & Yang, L. T. (2014). Rich mobile applications: genesis, taxonomy, and open issues. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 40, 345-362.
[2] . Acquisti A., Gross R. (2006) Imagined Communities: Awareness, Information Sharing, and Privacy on the Facebook. In: Danezis G., Golle P. (eds) Privacy Enhancing Technologies. PET 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4258. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
[3] . Boone, L & Kurtz, D. (2013). Contemporary marketing. Cengage Learning.
[4] . Case, D. O. (2012). Looking for information: A survey of research on information seeking, needs and behavior. Emerald Group Publishing.
[5] . Cassidy, W., Brown, K., Jackson, M.(2011) Moving from cyber-bullying to cyber-kindness: What do students, educators and parents say? In: Dunkels, E., Franberg, G.-M., Hallgren, C. (eds) Youth culture and net culture: Online social practices, Hershey, NY: Information Science Reference, pp. 256–277.