iosr-JMCE   Volume-15 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-Aug 2018

Abstract: The present study focuses on biodiesel production using conventional transesterification method. Furthermore, the spray performance of the produced biodiesel is investigated and the obtained results are compared with those of the petroleum diesel.Fresh and waste cooking oil are used as a feedstock for biodiesel production. An apparatus, whichconsists of a reactor, wash tank, and dryer tank is constructed for the production purpose. The produced biodiesel meets the required American Society for Testing and Materials standard for biodiesel ASTM D6751. Thespray performanceof biodiesel and petroleum diesel is carried out using a pressure swirl atomizer with an exit nozzle diameter of 0.4 mm and spin chamber angle of 60º.The properties of biodiesel and its blends..........

Keywords -Biodiesel; Waste cookingoil; Transesterification; Spray performance; Feasibility study

[1]. Didem Ö. and Sevil Y., "Novel Methods in Biodiesel Production", Biofuel's Engineering Process Technology, Dr. Marco Aurelio Dos Santos Bernardes (Ed.), (2011).
[2]. Saka S. and Kusdiana D., "Biodiesel fuel from rapeseed oil as prepared in supercritical methanol", Fuel, Vol. 80, pp. 225-231, (2001).
[3]. Hawash S., Kamal N., Zaher F., Kenawi O. and Diwani G., "Biodiesel fuel from Jatropha oil via non-catalytic supercritical methanol transesterification", Fuel, Vol. 88, pp. 579-582, (2009).
[4]. Fini A. and Breccia A., "Chemistry by microwaves", Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 71, No. 4, pp. 573-579, (1999).
[5]. DüzM.Z., SaydutA, andÖztürk, G., "Alkali catalyzed transesterification of safflower seed oil assisted by microwave irradiation", Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 92, pp. 308-313, (2011).

Abstract: This paper describes the design analysis of a nail making machine which can be used to enhance nail productionfor the cottage industry. It is also designed to manufacture special shaped nails such as linoleum nails, roofing nails, double cap nails, shaped nails, concrete nails, etc.with low noise generation and vibration. Galvanized steel is used in the mounting of L-section beams and frame sections due to its composition. The designed equipment also consists of lubricating system and driving system With over all dimension of1588mm length x635mm width x 804mm height and a weight of 200kg including shear force and bending moment calculations........

Keywords Bendingmoment, Shear force, Nail production machine, Cutting die lever, bending stress.

[1]. Khurmi, R. S. (2004). A Textbook of Machine Design (14th ed., pp. 623 - 678). Eurasia Publishing House (PVT) LTD.
[2]. Darbyshire, A. (2008). Mechanical Engineering (2nd ed., pp. 283 – 290). Macmillan Publishers.
[3]. Kempster, M. H. A. (1984). Engineering Design III (1st ed., chap. 2 – 9). Macmillan India Ltd.
[4]. Singal, R. K. (2008). Fundamentals of Machining and Machine Tools (3rd ed., chap. 11). International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd
[5]. Khurmi R. S. (2004). Engineering Mechanics (19th ed., chap. 11). Rajendra Ravindra Printers (Pvt) Ltd..

Abstract: The air-regulated siphon spillways are adopted on streams that are subjected to flash floods or where there is insufficient space to provide conventional weirs. Discharge in an air – regulated spillway is solely governed by the area of the waterway at throat section. Air – regulated siphon spillway work automatically for a wide range of discharges even for a small rise in the upstream water level, without any mechanical or human interference. The physical model of air-regulated siphon was made of acrylic and mounted in a glass sided channel at RGKUT, Basar. The present work focuses on the experimental studies carried out for various discharges ranging from 4.3 lps to 7.2 lps. The simulation studies were carried out using ANSYS-CFD. The simulations were extended to determine the flow pattern and the free surface level on the upstream and downstream of...........

Keywords -Air-regulated siphon, Flow pattern, Fluent, k-/k-, User-defined macro

[1]. Bulu Atil, Spillways, in Water Resources, Civil Engineering Department, Hydraulics Division, Istanbul Technical University, 134 – 137.
[2]. Ervine, D. A., and Oliver, G. C. S., Full-scale behavior of air-regulated siphon spillway, Proc. Instn Civ. Engrs, Part 2, Glasgow University, 1980, 687-706. [3]. Kay Melvyn, Practical Hydraulics, (Tailor & Francis, London and New York, 2008), 202-206.
[4]. Boatwright, Joshua, Air-Regulated Siphon Spillways: Performance, Modeling, Design, and Construction, doctoral diss., Clemson University, 2014.
[5]. Christopher R. Head, Low-Head Air-Regulated Siphon, Journal of Hydraulics Division, Proceedings of ASCE, 101(HY3), 1975. (1993)...

Abstract: In the presence of parametric uncertainty, such as the mass, inertia of vehicle about vertical axis, and tire cornering stiffness, the adaptive control method for lane changing of vehicle in intelligent transportation systems was studied. With positive and negative trapezoidal constraint for lateral acceleration, the desired yaw angle and yaw rate of vehicle was generated by the virtual lane changing trajectory. Based on the lateral dynamical model of four-wheel-steering vehicle, by applying terminal sliding mode technology, the yaw-rate tracking control law for lane changing was designed and the estimation formula for uncertain control parameters was deduced by using direct adaptive method. Based on the Lyapunov theory, the stability property of the system was obtained. By using...........

Keywords -intelligent transportation; adaptive control; four-wheel-steering; automatic lane changing; terminal sliding mode

[1]. Chaturvedi M, Srivastava S.Multi-Modal Design of an Intelligent Transportation System. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent
Transportation Systems 2017,18(8): 2017 – 2027.
[2]. Scarinci R, Hegyi A, Heydecker B G. Definition of a merging assistant strategy using intelligent vehicles.Transportation Research
Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2017, 82:161-179.
[3]. Guo Lie, Ge Pingshu, Yue Ming, et al. Lane changing trajectory planning and tracking controller design for intelligent vehicle
running on curved road. Mathematical problems in engineering , 2014, 3(6):1-9.
[4]. LI W, WANG J, DUAN J M. Lane changing polynomials. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2012, 48(3):42-245.
[5]. YOU F, WANG R B, ZHANG R H. Study of system identification and control algorithm for intelligent vehicle.China Journal of
Highway and Transport, 2008,21(4):111-116...

Abstract: The scope of this dissertation shall undertake the structural loads of the `linear type' that could be critical for failure of the component. The evaluation of such loads and the influence of the same over the intended structural strength of the component in avoiding premature failure shall be undertaken for study and analysis. CAE Software tools like HyperMesh for pre-processing and RadioSS or Optistruct for Structural Analysis of the component shall be deployed during the `Analysis Phase' of the work. Linear loads shall be applied during the experimentation and the corresponding displacement shall be recorded for evaluation. Comparison of the same vis-a-vis the analytical or numerical results should address the scope of validation of the work.

Keywords -Sports Utility Vehicle, Steering Knuckle Arm

[1]. Mohd Viqaruddin, D.Ramana Reddy, Structural optimization of control arm for weight reduction and improved performance, Materials for Manufacturing (ICAAMM-2016), Materials Today: Proceedings 4 (2017), pp. 9230–9236
[2]. Prof R. L. Jhala, K. D. Kothari and Dr. S.S. Khandare "Component Fatigue Behaviors And Life Predictions Of A Steering Knuckle Using Finite Element Analysis" International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2009 Vol II
[3]. Rajeev Sakunthala Rajendran, Subash Sudalaimuthu and Mohamed Sixth "Knuckle Development Process with the Help of Optimization Techniques" Altair Technology Conference, India (2013)
[4]. S.Vijayarangan, N. Rajamanickam and V. Sivananth "Evaluation of metal matrix composite to replace spheroidal graphite iron for a critical component, steering knuckle" Materials and Design 43 (2013), pp. 532–541
[5]. K. Vikranth Reddy, Madhu Kodati, Kishen Chatra, Sandipan Bandyopadhyay, A comprehensive kinematic analysis of the double wishbone and MacPherson strut suspension systems, Mechanism and Machine Theory 105 (2016), pp. 441–470

Abstract: In general high speed steel is used as a cutting tool for its better quality and reliability at lower rates while compared with other cutting tools. To increase the ability of the tool, the best way is to increase the hardness of the tool. The brainstormed ideas to alternate tool material properties by using a method called Cryogenic Technique. This technique increases the wear properties and decreases the machining time of the tool. The process involved in the Cryogenic Technique is deep cryogenic process. The sample pieces of EN8 & EN19 carbon steel components are placed in a specially constructed tank containing Cryogenic solution as Liquid Nitrogen (Refrigerant) and at the temperature of around 196°c (77k) and treated for for 24 hours. It is designed using CATIA software and..........

Keywords Cryogenic treatment ,Hardness, High Speed Steel, Properties ,Tool Wear.

[1]. Brown J (1995),"Big chill to extend gear life. Power Transm Des", pp. 59– 61, September 1995
[2]. Sweeney TP Jr."Deep cryogenics: the great cold debate."Heat Treat 18(2):28– 32, February 1986.
[3]. M.Lakhani,N.Raut,"Influence of Cryogenic Processing on Microstructure and Properties of En8 Steel", InternationalJournal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 8, Issue 2, pp. 6-9, February-2017,
[4]. Popandopulo N, Zhukova LT,"Transformation in highspeed steels during cold treatment." Met Sci Heat Treat 22,(10):708 – 710, 1980.
[5]. F. Diekman "Cold and Cryogenic Treatment of Steel, ASM Handbook", Volume 4A, Steel Heat TreatingFundamentals and Processes, 382-386, 2013