iosr-JMCE   Volume-15 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2018

Abstract: Several buildings, bridges, tunnels, and marine structures have already been strengthened and repaired in many countries such as Japan, Europe, USA, Canada, and Egypt using fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) [1]. FRP is also used in new structures, especially at bridges. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) [2,3] used in special applications including radar stations; structures for magnetic levitation trains, antenna towers, and many n- structural elements. The objective of this research was to investigate the feasibility of strengthening of reinforced concrete flat slab with openings with different sizes using CFRP laminates under uniform distributed load. The study program was used to explore experimentally the effect of opening size on the behavior of CFRP strengthened..............

Keywords -Flat slabs; opening; strengthen; carbon fiber; polymers

[1]. U.Ebead, H.Marzouk, and L.M.Lye, constructed and experimental study and a finite element analysis of strengthened two-way slabs using FRP laminates and sheets. 2nd World Engineering Congress,Sarawak, Malaysia,22-25 July 2002
[2]. Ola Enochsson "CFRP Strengthening of Concrete Slabs, with and without OpeningsExperiment, Analysis, Design and Field Application" Luleå University of TechnologyDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Division of Structural Engineering ,2005
[3]. Takahashi, Y., and Sato, Y "Experimental study on the strengthening effect of a CFRP sheet for RC slabs," FRPRCS5, Thomas Telford, Cambridge, UK, 989-996. . (2001).
[4]. Mohamed, T., El-Attar, A., and El-Ibiari, S "Strengthening of Two-WayReinforced Concrete Slabs with Created Central Openings" Accepted to the RegionalConference on Civil Engineering Technology and III International Symposium onEnvironmental Hydrology, Egypt. ., (2002).
[5]. Casadei P., Nanni, A. and Ibell T., "Experiments on Two-way RC Slabs with OpeningsStrengthened with CFRP Laminates", Center for Infrastructure Engineering Studies,(CIES03-39), University of Missouri-Rolla, USA, 2003[6]. P.C.A"Openings in Concrete Floor Slabs"2006..

Abstract: Fatigue is a major failure mechanism of aircraft components and plays an important role in determining the reliability of the airplane. Fatigue is the failure of a material under fluctuating stresses each of which is believed to produce minute amounts of plastic strain. Fatigue behavior of materials is usually described by a fatigue life or S-N curve in which the number of stress cycles N to produce failure with a stress peak of S is plotted against S. The particularly relevant feature of this curve is the limiting stress S, since it is assumed..........

[1]. Kocanda, S. (April 30, 1978). Fatigue Failure of Metals (Fatigue and Fracture). Warsaw, Poland:Sijthoff & Noordhoff International.

Abstract: In the current architecture, the concept of universal access as a necessity in new architectural projects has been expressed, its outcome has given respectful, healthy, functional and comprehensible access to the disabled in all genres of buildings, especially social interest housing. In this article we analyze the regulations for the accessibility of the paraplegic user in the home of the city of Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico making a great emphasis on the most intimate space of the house, the bathroom. Taking into consideration national accessibility regulations such as: The normative study of the Design and Construction Criteria for Adaptable and Accessible Housing CONAFOVI, and the Manual of Accessibility Technical Standards CDMX and Technical Document of Accessibility...........

Keywords: universal access, social interest housing, bathroom, regulations, paraplegia

[1]. ADA (2010). "Standards for Accessible Design: Titles II and III of the Americans with Disabilities". Departament of Justice, p,
164-165 USA. USA.
[2]. Alonso, F. (2006). "The determining axes of equal opportunities policies. Universal accessibility and design for all" University
Institute of European Studies. Autonomous University of Barcelona, p, 13-14.
[3]. Boletín Oficial del Estado (2003). "Ley 51/2003, de Diciembre, de igualdad de oportunides, no discriminación y accesibilidad
universal de las personas con discapacidad". Ministerio de la Presidencia. Relaciones con las cortes e igualdad. Gobierno de
España.
[4]. Boudeguer, A & Squella P (2010). "Universal Accessibility Manual".Accessible City Corporation.Santiago of Chile. Chile

[5]. CDMX (2016) "Manual de Normas Técnicas de Accesibilidad". Diseño Accesible para todos. Gobierno del Estado de México, Ciudad de México, México

Abstract: The rate of petroleum reserve is declining while energy demand keeps increasing. The current expansion of the Indian economy has escalated petroleum demand, prices have surged, hurting the economies of poor and developing countries. India is the second largest rice producing country in the world. The estimated yield of crude Rice Bran Oil (RBO)is about 400,000 tons of which only 50% is of edible grade, 50% of the total available rice bran oil is left unutilized due to the presence of active lipase in bran and lack of economic stabilization methods most of the bran is used as animal feed or for industrial application. One of the best ways for the potential utilization of RBO is............

Key Words:-Biodiesel; Transesterification; Rice bran oil; Diesel Engine, Blends

[1]. Singh SP, SinghD.Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and the irestersas the substitute of diesel: a review.RenewSustainEnergyRev2010;14:200–16.
[2]. Karim, G A (1991): An examination of some measures for improving the performance of gas fuelled diesel engines at light load. SAEPaper No. 912366.
[3]. Karim, G A and Burn, K S (1980): The combustion of gaseous fuels in a dual fuel engine of compression ignition type with particular.
[4]. Pahl G.; McKibben B., 2008, "Biodiesel: Growing a New Energy Economy", Ed.Chelsea Green Publishing, 368 p.
[5]. Bhandari, K et al. (2005): Performance and emissions of natural gas fueled internal combustion engine, A review, JSIR Volume 64333-338..

Abstract: In the structural design of buildings, it is necessary to design the structure to safely resist exposure to fire. However it is usually necessary to guard against structural collapse for a given period of time. The collapse occurs due to shrinkage and cracking of concrete after firing of the building. The main loss of the concrete due to fire is the loss of compressive strength. That happens due to spilling of concrete. The main objective of the present study is to present the effect of fire on the mechanical properties of concrete, such as a compressive strength, drying shrinkage before and after exposure to fire flame and to study the crack pattern in concrete exposed to fire.

Key Words:-Concrete, fire, compressive strength, cracks.

[1]. IS: 456:2000, "Plain and Reinforced Concrete", Code of Practice, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 2000.
[2]. "Engineering Material" by Rangwala.
[3]. M. S. Shetty "Concrete Technology", 3rd Edition, S. Chand & Company Limited, Delhi, 1992.
[4]. Design Mix By Krishana Raju.
[5]. IS: 1489-1 (1991) specification for Portland Pozzolana cement, part I fly ash based..

Abstract: Thermal analysis of RC structures under the effect of uniform temperature change poses a special kind of problem, where the high axial stiffness of horizontal beam elements used in finite element analysis produces correspondingly high lateral forces, and straining actions in the supporting columns, especially the ground floor columns. This effect is most pronounced for the external columns. In this study, a novel proposal is made for developing an analytical approach for assessment of the effect of bending cracks along the beam length on its axial stiffness. The proposed approach is utilized for the development of a software package for............

Key Words:-Temperature Changes, Thermal Analysis, Finite Element Modeling, Concrete Cracking

[1]. ACI Committee 224.2R-92, Cracking of Concrete Members in Direct Tension, ACI Structural Journal, 1992, pp. 6:7.
[2]. ACI Committee 349.1R-07, Reinforced Concrete Design for Thermal Effects on Nuclear Power Plant Structures, ACI Structural Journal, 2007, pp.4.
[3]. ECP 203 (2017), Design & Construction of concrete structures, HBRC Journal, 2017, pp. 6-22.
[4]. Essam H. El-Tayeb, Salah E. El-Metwally, Hamed S. Askar, Ahmed M. Yousef, Thermal Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams and Frames, HBRC Journal, 2015.
[5]. Frank J. Vecchion, Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frames Subjected to Thermal and Mechanical Loads, ACI Structural Journal, 1987.

Abstract: Maharashtra is gifted with many historical monuments which represents it's tradition and culture. These monuments are of national important for safeguarding the history of Maharashtra and will also help in development and promotion of tourism. Many such monuments are in the form of forts which are now deteriorated due to lack of conservation. It is of due importance to conserve these forts in order to save them from ruining completely. A case study was conducted on Bhudargad fort which is situated in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra to study it's current scenario and the conservation work that is being carried out on the fort. A checklist was prepared to make the conservation work more organized which will be required before the conservation work and for future maintenance.

[1]. Glen Prevost, Brain W. Baetz M.ASCE, Saiedeh Razavi M.ASCE, Wael EI-Dakhakhni M.ASCE (2014) - "Retrofitting Suburban Homes for Resiliency : Design Principles", Journal of Urban Planning and Development , pp 1-10
[2]. Vasant A. Matsagar, R. S. Jangid (2008) - "Base Isolation for Seismic Retrofitting of Structures", Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction , Vol. 13, No. 4, November 1, 2008, pp 175-185
[3]. Tong Guo M.ASCE , Weijie Xu , Lianglong Song , Longwu Wei (2014) - "Seismic- Isolation Retrofits of School Buildings : Practice in China after Recent Devastating Earthquakes", Journal of Performance of Constructed facilities , Vol. 28, No. 1, February 1, 2014, pp 96-107
[4]. Edoardo Cosenza , Lunio Lervolino , (2007) - "Case Study : Seismic Retrofitting of a Medieval Bell Tower with FRP", Journal of Composites for Construction , Vol. 11, No. 3, June 1, 2007, pp 319-327
[5]. Neha Jain (2012) - " Conservation Practices in India – A Case Study of Jaisalmer Fort", A thesis presented to the Faculty of the USC School of Architecture University of Southern California , December, 2012.

Abstract: MSeveral researchers have explored ways to control and reduce automotive emissions in different vehicles. The levels of emission of automobiles have been substantially reduced in the last two decades through the implementation of control devices. Indexes note an 87% reduction for new cars as well as 78% for used cars [2]. For example, cars, trucks and off-road vehicles hold the responsibility of approximately 40—50% of HC or VOC emissions, 50 % of NOX emissions and 80—90% of the CO emissions in the United States [3]. During a standard test, the first minute of operation in spark-ignition (SI) engines was found to make the largest contribution (90%) to HC emission [4]. There is a great concern about............

[1]. J.B. Heywood. International combustion engine fundamental. McGraw-Hill, (1988).
[2]. J. A. Alson, J. M. Adler, T. M. Baines, 1989, "Motor Vehicle Emission Characteristics and Air Quality Impacts of Methanol and Compressed Natural Gas", in Alternative Transportation Fuels — An Environmental and energy Solution, Green-Wood Press, D. Sperling, Editor.
[3]. J. B. Heywood, Motor vehicle emissions control: past achievements, future prospects. In Handbook of Air Pollution from Internal Combustion Engines, (Ed. E. Sher, Academic Press), (1998).
[4]. S. Hochgreb, Combustion-related emissions in SI engines. In Handbook of Air Pollution from Internal Combustion Engines, (Ed. E. Sher, Academic Press), (1998).
[5]. J. H. Horlock, DE. Winterbone - Benson Rowland S. Thermodynamics and gas dynamics of Internal Combustion engine. New York: Clarendon Press Oxford (1986) vol. 11..

Abstract: Black Cotton soil is having abandoned in quantity & everywhere in Maharashtra, when any type of structure is constructed in black cotton soil the foundation of structure is very important, and it must be strong to support the entire structure. For the construction of road the sub-grade should be capable to withstand against the forces occurs due to the vehicles and also holds the pavement material by creating proper bonding. Black cotton soils are inorganic clays of medium to high compressibility and form a major soil group in India. They are characterized by high shrinkage and swelling properties so increase the stability of black cotton soil is important. This paper presents the experimental study undertaken to increase the stabilization properties of black cotton soil using Foundry sand and RBI Grade 81.

Keywords: Black cotton soil , CBR test , Foundry Sand , RBI Grade 81, Soil Stabilization

[1] Aboubeker N & Sidi Mohamed A.M (2004), "Stabilization of swelling soils using salts". International conference of geotechnical engineering.
[2] Al-Rawas A.A, A.W.hago., Hilal Al-Sarmi. (2005), "Effect of lime, cement and Sarooj (artificial pozzolana) on the swelling potential of an expansive soil from Oman". Environment, N40, pp.681-687.
[3] Al-Rawas AA, Taha R, Nelson JD, Beit Al-Shab T, Al- Siyabi H. (2002),"A comparative evaluation of various additives used in the stabilization of expansive soils", Geotechnical Testing Journal, GTJODJ, ASTM, 25(2):199–209.
[4] Bekkouche A, Azzouz F.Z, Aissa Mimoune S.M, (2007), "Salt Stabilization of expansive clays from Tlemcen région, Algeria", Col.9-11/02/2007, pp19-26.
[5] Bell FG, (1996), "Lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils". Engineering Geology 1996, 42:223–37..

Abstract: Natural fibers are considered to have potential use as reinforcing material in polymer matrix composites because of their good strength, stiffness, low cost, less weight and environment friendly. The interest in natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials is rapidly growing both in terms of their industrial applications and fundamental research. They are renewable, cheap, completely or partially recyclable, inexpensive, moderate weight, eco-friendly and biodegradable. In the present work an effort has been made to study the mechanical properties of Areca shell fiber, Areca palm powder and Epoxy reinforced natural composites. It is found from the result that, the mechanical properties of tensile, flexural and impact test of treated areca shell fiber composites............

[1]. "ASM Handbook for Composites" , ASM International Committee, Volume 21, 2001, pp. 1-2605.
[2]. Prof Pandey P C., "Composite Materials", Dept of Civil Eng, IISc, Bangalore. syllabus version 2.0 - l7, August 2004.
[3]. Abdul Khalil H P S, Firoozian P, Bakare I O, Hazizan Md. Akil and Ahmad Md. Noor., "Exploring Biomass Based Carbon Black as Filler in Epoxy Composites: Flexural and Thermal Properties" , Materials and Design, 31, 2010, pp. 3419-3425.
[4]. Alamari H and Low I., "Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption Behaviour of Recycled Cellulose Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites" , Polymer Testing, 31, (2012), pp.620-628.
[5]. Ali J Salaman., "Tensile and Impact Properties of Polystyrene Matrix Composites Reinforced by Palm Natural Fibers And Carbon Fibers", Academic Research International, Vol. 3, No. 2, September 2012, pp. 114-116..

Abstract: This research on application of lean six sigma methodology in the manufacturing company was carried out in the Nigerian Breweries at Enugu. Nigerian Breweries was selected for the study because it has many production lines, operation systems and management strategies which were not so developed. The main objective of this study was to determine how application of lean six sigma can be used to minimize product and time wastes statistically. Three production lines (line A, B and C) were considered and data were collected in each production line. DMAIC methodology was used for identification of compatible lean techniques and strategies for the minimization of defects and rejects bottles in each production line. The statistical tools used for the analysis of data obtained.........

Keyword: Six sigma, lean, DMAIC, cause-effect, capability

[1]. Linderman, K, McIntosh, R. I. & Schroeder, R. G. (2003). Six Sigma: a goal- theoretical perspective. Journals of Operations Management 21, 193-203.
[2]. Schoroeder, R. G., Lee, F. & Roger G. (2008). Six Sigma: Definition and underlying theory. Journal of Operations Management 26, 536-554.
[3]. Shah, R, Joe, K. U. & Ward, P T. (2007). Defining and developing measures of lean Production. Journal of Operations Management 25, 785-805.
[4]. Shah, R., Joe, K. U. & Ward, P T. (2003). Lean Manufacturing: context, practice bundles, and performance. Journal of Operations Management 21 (2), 129-149.
[5]. Uzorh,A.C.,Olanrewaju, F. &Nnanna, I. (2018). Integration of Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma Using Statistical Methods. Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 15, (4) 63-76