iosr-JMCE   Volume-21 ~ Issue-3 ~ May – Jun. 2024

Abstract: Owing to the rapid increase in population in developing countries, there has been a huge demand for more affordable housing units worldwide. Although efforts have been made to meet the rising demand, they have not been adequate. This has rendered low-income earners homeless, or living in deplorable conditions in slums. The Kenyan government, among other interventions, introduced the affordable housing programme that entails building low-cost units with a view to enable low-income earners acquire decent but affordable housing (Centre for Affordable......

[1] Amalkar, M., Renukadevi, M., & Jagadish, K. (2013, October). Strength And Elastic Properties Of Hollow Concrete Block Masonry.
[2] Ashby, M. (2011). Materials Selection In Mechanical Design. Butterworth-Heinemann.
[3] Bredenoord, J., Kokkamhaeng, W., Janbunjong, P., Nualplod, O., Thongnoy, S., Khongwong, W., Ngernchuklin, P., & Mahakhant, A. (2019). Interlocking Block Masonry (Issb) For Sustainable Housing Purposes In Thailand, With Addidtional Examples From Cambodia And Nepal. Canadian Center Of Science And Education, 8(2).
[4] Centre For Affordable Housing In Africa. (2019). Kenya's Affordable Housing Programme. Centre For Affordable Housing Finance In Africa.
Https://Housingfinanceafrica.Org/Documents/Kenyas-Affordable-Housing-Programme-Housing-Portal-Overview/
[5] Government Of The Republic Of Kenya. (2017). Kenya Vision 2030.
Https://Www.Planning.Go.Ke/Wp-Content/Uploads/2020/11/Vision-2030-Popular-Version.Pdf.

Abstract: The project, led by Prof. M. M. Bhoomkar, aims to design and fabricate a Cam Profile Testing Machine at PVG's Metrology Laboratory. The machine generates cam profiles, crucial for engine efficiency and regulating precise tapping movement. The goal is to reduce the time and expense associated with rework and rejection by using online cam on camshaft inspection. The machine will plot cam profiles of different cameras digitally using an interface connecting a microcontroller to the IDE. This project is more affordable and beneficial for small and medium-sized businesses, making it more accessible.

[1] Design & Manufacture - An Integrated Approach, Rod Black, Pg. No. 222
[2] Manufacturing Technology,2nd Edition, P.N. Rao. Pg No. 394.
[3] Make. Getting Started With Arduino, 3rd Edition., Massimo Banzi, Michael Shiloh, Pg. No. 5, 15, 53,199, 207.
[4] A Textbook Of Machine Design, R.S. Khurmi, J.K Gupta, Pg. No. 378.
[5] Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design, Pg No. 562..

Abstract: Background: Developments in the field of science continue to increase every year. The increasingly rapid growth of knowledge has given rise to new ideas, especially developments in the field of wall construction. Developments in the field of wall construction have discovered new construction materials, such as lightweight concrete. Lightweight concrete is an alternative building material to replace red brick when making walls. Lightweight concrete has a lighter specific gravity than bricks with a density of 600-1800 kg/m3 and is supported by a maximum......

Key word: Rice husk ash; Cellular lightweight concrete; Water absorption; Porosity; Foam concrete.

[1] C. Specification, "Standard Specification For Nonloadbearing Concrete Masonry Units 1," Changes, Vol. 4, Pp. 1–3, 2003.
[2] K. Jitchaiyaphum, T. Sinsiri, And P. Chindaprasirt, "Cellular Lightweight Concrete Containing Pozzolan Materials," 2011, Doi: 10.1016/J.Proeng.2011.07.145.
[3] R. K. Majhi, A. Padhy, And A. N. Nayak, "Performance Of Structural Lightweight Concrete Produced By Utilizing High Volume Of Fly Ash Cenosphere And Sintered Fly Ash Aggregate With Silica Fume," Clean. Eng. Technol., Vol. 3, P. 100121, Jul. 2021, Doi: 10.1016/J.Clet.2021.100121.
[4] X. Liu, C. Ni, K. Meng, L. Zhang, D. Liu, And L. Sun, "Strengthening Mechanism Of Lightweight Cellular Concrete Filled With Fly Ash," Constr. Build. Mater., Vol. 251, P. 118954, 2020, Doi: 10.1016/J.Conbuildmat.2020.118954.
[5] F. A. Turkey, S. B. Beddu, A. N. Ahmed, And S. K. Al-Hubboubi, "Effect Of High Temperatures On The Properties Of Lightweight Geopolymer Concrete Based Fly Ash And Glass Powder Mixtures," Case Stud. Constr. Mater., Vol. 17, No. July, P. E01489, 2022, Doi: 10.1016/J.Cscm.2022.E01489...

Abstract: This article aims to expose the contributions of Carl Friedrich Gauss to the area of numerical analysis. While Gauss is recognized for his extensive contributions to various branches of mathematics, in this case we will focus on his impact on the development of numerical methods, particularly Gauss's method. Bernhard Riemann, in addition to his contributions in geometry, made fundamental contributions to the theory of functions of a complex variable, mathematical physics and number theory. He clarified the notion of integral, defining what is known today as the Riemann.....

[1]. Jean-Paul Truc, (2019) . Riemann Sums For Generalized Integrals, The College Mathematics Journal, 50:2, 123-132
[2]. David M. Bressoud,(2011), Historical Reflections On Teaching The Fundamental Theorem Of Integral Calculus, Taylor & Francis, Ltd. On Behalf Of The Mathematical Association Of America, The American Mathematical Monthly , Vol. 118, No. 2 Pp. 99-115
[3]. J. M. Sanz-Serna, La Cuadratura Gaussiana Según Gauss, (2019), La Gaceta De La Rsme, Vol. 22 Núm. 1, Págs. 101–116
[4]. J. M. Sanz-Serna ,(2018), La Cuadratura Gaussiana Según Gauss, Departamento De Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos Iii De Madrid, Avenida De La Universidad 30, E-28911 Leganés (Madrid) Jmsanzserna@Gmail.Com, Http://Www.Sanzserna.Org
[5]. Ruohong Li Honglang Wang , And Wanzhu Tu,( 2020), Gaussian Quadrature, See Discussions, Stats, And Author Profiles For This Publication At: Https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Publication/338434277

Abstract: The hydraulic structures such as dam and spillway always pose a devastating threat to the people living in the downstream of the dams where those structures are used for various purpose such as reservoir impoundment for generating hydroelectricity, fulfilling the demand of water supply for the hugely populated inhabitances of urban cities and supplying the demand of irrigation, for the navigation purpose and also for the flood control to protect the cultivated land of the communities.....

Key Words: Dam Breaching, Breach Shape, Breach Development time, Downstream Peak Attenuation

[1] Icold. Dams' Safety. Available Online: Https://Www.Icold-Cigb.Org/Gb/Dams/Dams_Safety.Asp (Accessed On 24 April 2021).
[2] Douglas, K.; Spannagle, M.; Fell, R. Analysis Of Concrete And Masonry Dam Incidents. Int. J. Hydropower Dams 1999, 6, 108–115.
[3] Foster, M.; Fell, R.; Spannagle, M. The Statistics Of Embankment Dam Failures And Accidents. Can. Geotech. J. 2000, 37, 1000–1024. [Crossref]
[4] Icold. Dam Failures—Statistical Analysis; Bulletin 188; Icold: Paris, France, 2021.
[5] Perera, D.; Smakhtin, V.; Williams, S.; North, T.; Curry, A. Water Storage Infrastructure: An Emerging Global Risk; Unu-Inweh Report Series, Issue 11; United Nations University Institute For Water, Environment And Health: Hamilton, On, Canada, 2021. Available Online: Https://Inweh.Unu.Edu/Wp-Content/Uploads/2021/01/Ageing-Water-Storage-Infrastructure-An-Emerging- Global-Risk_Web-Version.Pdf (Accessed On 7 July 2021).

Abstract: The study of heat transfer in fins is of utmost importance at a technological level and determining the effectiveness of the design can be expensive due to the need for experimentation. This article comparatively presents the results obtained from the analysis of a fin subjected to convection by different methods, namely physical experimental, mathematical modeling and simulation by Ansys® Software. The results reflect a very acceptable coherence between them which determines that the simulations made with the help of the computer (finite element methods) are a faithful reflection of the physical experiment and the theory that supports the phenomenon. It is concluded that simulations are a very good option for estimating the behavior of a heat transfer phenomenon, thereby avoiding.....

Key Word: Semiaslade Fin, Mathematical Modeling, Physical Experiment, Simulation

[1]. Mills, Transferencia De Calor, Mc Graw Hill, México, 1997 Capítulo II Pp 82-89
[2]. Churchill, S.W., And H.H.S. Chu: Correlating Equatios For Laminar And Turbulent Free Convection From A Horizontal Cylinder, Int. J. Heat Mass Trasfer, Vol. 18, P. 1049,1975
[3]. Holman, J.P. Transferencia De Calor, Primera Edición, CECSA, México, 1996

Abstract: The dams are used for various purpose such as reservoir impoundment for generating hydroelectricity, fulfilling the demand of water supply for the hugely populated inhabitances of urban cities and supplying the demand of irrigation, for the navigation purpose and also for the flood control to protect the cultivated land of the communities. A full non-risk guarantee is not possible for such dams which are built for such purposes and accidents may occur owing to natural hazards or human actions, also can fail due to structural deficiencies in the original design.....

Keywords: Concrete Face Dam Breaching, Breaching Process, Breach Development Time

[1] M. Modares, J.E. Quiroz, Structural Analysis Framework For Concrete-Faced Rockfill Dams, 04015024, Int. J. Geomech. 16 (1) (2016), Https://Doi.Org/10.1061/ (Asce)Gm.1943-5622.0000478.
[2] J.L. Sherard, J.B. Cooke, Concrete-Face Rockfill Dam, I: Assessment, J. Geotech. Eng. 113 (10) (1987) 1096–1112, Https://Doi.Org/10.1061/(Asce)0733-9410 (1987)113:10(1096).
[3] Gurbuz, I. Peker, Monitored Performance Of A Concrete-Faced Sand-Gravel Dam, J. Perform. Constr. Facil 30 (5) (2016) 04016011, Https://Doi.Org/10.1061/ (Asce)Cf.1943-5509.0000870.
[4] Q. Zhong, L. Wang, S. Chen, Z. Chen, Y. Shan, Q. Zhang, Q. Ren, S. Mei, J. Jiang, L. Hu, J. Liu, Breaches Of Embankment And Landslide Dams – State Of The Art Review, Earth Sci. Rev. 216 (2021) 103597.
[5] Q.M. Zhong, S.S. Chen, Z. Deng, A Simplified Physically-Based Breach Model For A High Concrete-Faced Rockfill Dam: A Case Study, Water Sci. Eng. 11 (1) (2018) 46–52, Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Wse.2018.03.005

Abstract: The majority of the power production in India comes from the thermal power plants, using pulverized coal as fuel. The non-combustible constituents of pulverized coal form combustion residue or ash. The finer fraction of ash, entrained in the flue gas, which gets collected in the electrostatic precipitators, is referred as fly ash (FA). The part of ash that falls at the bottom of the boiler in the form of hot clinker is known as bottom ash. It is crushed before disposal. As a general practice in India, FA and bottom ash are mixed with water and transported to ash ponds/ lagoons. The ash thus deposited in lagoons is called lagoon ash (LA) or pond ash(PA). The thermal power plants in India use low quality mineral coal with average ash content of about 40%. This paper presents Review on Use of Pond Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete

Key Word: Pond Ash, Bottom ash, Cement, Coal, Thermal power plant

[1] Badrinarayan Rath, Shirish Deo And Gangadhar Ramtekkar, " An Experimental Study On Strength And Durability Of Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement Concrete With Partial Replacement Of Cement And Sand With Coal Ashes Available In Central Chhattisgarh Region", Current Applied Science And Technology Vol. 22 No. 1 (January-February 2022)
[2] J. D. Bapat ; S. S. Sabnis ; C. V. Hazaree ; And A. D. Deshchowgule," Ecofriendly Concrete With High Volume Of Lagoon Ash", December 21, 2004; Approved On April 15, 2005. Journal Of Materials In Civil Engineering, Vol. 18, No. 3, June 1, 2006. ©Asce, Issn 0899-1561/2006/3-453–461/$25.00.
Doi: 10.1061/Asce0899-1561(2006)18:3(453)
[3] Milind P. Bhamare , Yogesh N. Bafna , Arun K. Dwivedi, "Engineering Properties Of Cement Containing Pond Ash", Iosr Journal Of Engineering (Iosrjen) E-Issn: 2250-3021, P-Issn: 2278-8719, Www.Iosrjen.Org Volume 2, Issue 10 (October 2012), Pp 07-11,

Abstract: Over the past 100 years, RCC has been used in construction projects. RCC has been used most extensively in India for the past 50–60 years. We have built a great deal of infrastructure over this time, including buildings, bridges, sports stadiums, and other structures that are essential to a civilized society. These were created with massive resource speculation. Not even the notion of developing such resources from our meager national resources can occur to us. Therefore, keeping them in operational condition is crucial.
This study investigated how to improve the mechanical properties of Portland cement concrete as a building material by utilizing.....

Keywords: Aggregates, Carbon, Cement, Concrete, Construction, Nano.

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[4] Mangat Ps, Motamedi-Azari M, & Shakor Ramat Bb. Steel Fibre-Cement Matrix Interfacial Bond Characteristics Under Flexure. International Journal Of Cement Composites & Lightweight Concrete 1984; 6(1): 29-37.
[5] Ostertag Cp, Yi Ck, & Vondran G. Tensile Strength Enhancement In Interground Fiber Cement Composites. Cement & Concrete Composites 2001; 23(4-5): 419-25.