iosr-JMCE   Volume-22 ~ Issue-3 ~ May – Jun. 2025

Abstract: Increasing population growth increased the size of the building thus increasing the risk of collapse for traditional building. Rapid urbanization gradually increased the necessities of multi storey buildings. Besides considering the scarcity of land, earthquake is one of the dominant constraints while designing the multi storey RCC frame buildings in the earthquake prone zone like Kathmandu, Nepal. Recent earthquake of 2015 has shown the serious problem with the traditional building design. This paper discusses the design of the building using ETABS software and relevant Indian Standard codes used for design of various building elements such as slabs, beams, columns, foundations and staircase and seismic analysis of building and researches the differences and similarities between seismic design code of Nepal and India..

Key Word: ETABS, Limit State, Seismic analysis, Base shear, Lateral load, Storey drift, etc

[1]. All the structural elements are designed and got in suitable size. (beam, column, slab, footing, staircase).
[2]. Design is based on IS 456:2000 and NBC 105: 2020.
[3]. Analysis & Modeling is done by the computer aided application ETABS software and foundation is designed by SAFE software, also AUTOCAD is used to design the plan of the building.
[4]. Sample elements are designed manually.
[5]. Storey drift and displacement are within permissible

Abstract: The aerospace and aeronautical industries have shifted their focus from using traditional materials to using composite materials, mainly due to excellent strength to weight ratio and superior mechanical properties such as high strength. This paper focuses on the key finding of previous research work made by different researches on composite materials in aeronautical industry and draws a conclusion on the added........

Key Word: Composite materials, Aircraft, Aileron, Wing spar, wing skin

[1]. B. Parveez, M. I. Kittur, I. A. Badruddin, S. Kamangar, M. Hussien, and M. A. Umarfarooq, “Scientific Advancements in Composite Materials for Aircraft Applications: A Review,” Polymers, vol. 14, Issue no. 22, pp. 5007, Nov. 2022.
[2]. G.P. Thomas, 2013, "Composite used in Aerospace Industry”, AZoMaterials, June, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8152, 2023.
[3]. L. Zhu, N. Li, P.R.N. Childs, “Light-weighting in aerospace component and system design”, Propulsion and Power Research, Volume 7, Issue 2, pp 103-119, 2018.
[4]. S. Abaci and B. Nessark, “Characterization and corrosion protection properties of composite material (PANI+TiO2) coatings on A304 Stainless Steel,” Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 107–120, 2014.
[5]. Purnesh Agrawal, Amit Kumar Kundu, Deepika Purohit, Puneet Sahu, Neeraj Gautam, Abhishek Sharma, Veerandra Patil, “A Review Paper of Composite Materials: Advantages and Applications”, International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM), vol. 4, Issue 11. pp: 369-370, 2022..

Abstract: Risk management is a critical aspect of residential property development, as it influences investment security, project sustainability, and overall economic viability. In Enugu Metropolis, the real estate sector has witnessed rapid urbanization, yet it remains fraught with uncertainties such as financial volatility, regulatory bottlenecks, land tenure disputes, and construction risks. This study examines the interrelationship between risk management processes and residential property development in Enugu, focusing on how effective risk assessment, mitigation, and control mechanisms........

Key Word: Risk management, residential property development, real estate investment, project sustainability

[1]. Aven, T. (2012), Foundations of Risk Analysis: USA, John Wiley and Sons Hoboken.
[2]. Derek, W. (2014), Risk in Management of Private Real Estate Investment. New Strategies for Risk Management in Private Equity: The Investors Guide to Protecting Asset Value by PEI.
[3]. Finnerty, John D. (2013), Project Financing: Asset-Based Financial Engineering: John Wiley and Sons.
[4]. Gehner, E., Halman, J. I. M. and DeJonge, H. (2006), Risk Management in the Dutch Real Estate Development Sector: A Survey in: Amaratunga, D., Haigh, R., Vrijhoef, R., Ham-blett, M. andvan den Broek, C. (Eds.): Proceedings of the 6th International Postgraduate Research Conference in the Built and Human Environment, Delft, the Netherlands, 6-7 April 2006. pp. 541-552.
[5]. Gehner, E (2008), Knowingly Taking Risk Investment: Decision Making in Real Estate Development, Eburon.
[6]. Hoyt, R. E., and Liebenberg, A. P. (2011) “The Value of Enterprise Risk Management”. The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 78(4) 795-822..