iosr-JNHS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Nutritional Status, Dietary Practices and Nutrition Related Beliefs of High School Girls in Urban Area of Bangalore City
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Vipna Kumari Bhandari
	:	10.9790/1959-03310106

Abstract: The study was conducted to explore the nutritional status, dietary practices and nutrition related beliefs of high school girls' age between twelve to seventeen years. One hundred and fifty high school girls from two government schools of Bangalore were selected for the study by stratified random sampling. The research design was descriptive analytical and cross sectional. A semi-structural questionnaire was used to collect the data on dietary practices and nutrition related beliefs and observational checklist was used to collect on nutritional parameter. The finding revealed that 72.5% girls were malnourished out of which 69.2% were underweight and 3.3% were overweight. Statistical analysis used was simple proportion and chi-square test which revealed that the majority 76.6% girls were found anemic. It may be due to the poor economic condition as the most of the girls' 78% were belonged to the low and lower middle income families where their parents were partly skilled, unskilled and home-makers. Result shows that there was statistical association between nutritional status and statement of nutrition related beliefs that eating non-vegetarian food and green leafy vegetable improve the quality of blood. As a whole, the dietary practices of high school girls were inadequate. There is a dire need to educate the parents and teachers who must impart knowledge about nutrition related practices accurately.
Key words: Nutritional status, dietary practices, nutrition related beliefs, high school girls

[1]. World Bank. Repositioning Nutrition as Central to Development: A Strategy for Large Scale Action. Washington DC: 2006. http://worldbank.org/nutrition/resources/2818461131636806329/nutritionstrategy.pdf Feb 2008.
[2]. WHO. Issues in Adolescence Health and Development. Nutrition in Adolescence – Issues and Challenges for the Health Sector; Geneva: 2005. 11-14. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2005/9241593660_eng.pdf
[3]. Taneja Priti, Bafna Rajni. Nutritional Status of tribal Adolesent Girls of Dhar District of Madhya Pradesh. The Lnd. J. Nutr. Diatet. 1997; (34): P. 314-16.
[4]. Manjula P, Barigidad, Sharada GS, Adawani Suhasini Rao, Naik Rama. Nutritional Status of Adolescent in an Urban area of Karnataka. The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Diatics. 1995: 32: 134-38.

[5]. Kamble Rajkumar M. Nutritional Status of Adolescent girls in Western Konkan of Maharastra. The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2003; (40): 416-422

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Prevalence of Obesity among Infertile Women Visiting Selected Infer tility Clinic at Mangalore with a View to Develop an Informational Pamphlet
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shanthakumari K , Reena Wilma Frank , Anupama Tamrakar
	:	10.9790/1959-03310710

Abstract: Reproduction is one of the most important biological functions for all life forms. For most couples having children is a primal need and inability to reproduce, infertility can be devastating to individuals and couples1. Infertility is a medical condition characterized by a diminished or absent ability to produce offspring. A couple may be considered infertile if, after two years of regular sexual relation, without contraception, the woman has not become pregnant (and there is no other reason, such as breastfeeding or postpartum amenorrhoea). Infertility may be primary infertility and secondary infertility. Primary infertility is infertility in a couple who have never had a child. Secondary infertility is failure to conceive following a previous pregnancy. It is estimated that 60 to 80 million couples worldwide currently suffer from infertility2. Infertility varies across regions of the world and is estimated to affect eight to twelve percent of couples worldwide. One in every four couples in developing countries had been found to be affected by infertility3. Infertility tends to be highest in countries with high fertility rates, an occurrence termed "barrenness amid plenty2." According to a report conducted by the International Institute of Population Sciences, infertility is growing at an alarming pace, especially in the cities. Out of around 250 million individuals estimated to be attempting parenthood at any given time, 13 to 19 million couples are likely to be infertile. The national census report of the past three decades, viz 2001, 1991 and 1981, showed that infertility has risen by 50 percent in the country. Nearly 30 million couples in the country suffer from infertility, making the incidence rate 10 percent4.

[1] UNFPA. Prevention and management of infertility in primary health care settings. New Delhi, India. Available from url:india.unfpa.org/drive/fertility.pdf
[2] [WHO. Sexual and reproductive health: Global prevalence of infertility, infecundity and childlessness [online]. 2012 Dec. Available from: www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/infertility/burden/en/
[3] Science News from Universities. Global rates of infertility remain unchanged over past 2 decades. Journals, and other research organizations Dec. 18, 2010
[4] Dey S. Infertility rises at alaraming pace in India. English news. 2010 July. 15:04:38.
[5] Kocelak P, Chudek J, Naworska B, Bak-Sosnowska M, Kotlarz D, Mazurek N, et.al. Psychological disturbances and quality of life in obese and infertile women and men. International Journal of endocrinology. 2012; 2012(2012): 14.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Knowledge of Primigravidae regarding Selected Aspects of Safe Motherhood
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Anupama Tamrakar , S. Nagaseshamma
	:	10.9790/1959-03311115

Abstract: Every woman during her life span aspires to be a mother but the child birth process is not free of complication. Several complications may arise in different stages of her motherhood i.e., in pregnancy, intranatal and postnatal period. These complications increase the risk of maternal mortality and morbidity. Mothers play vital role in the family. Maternal deaths have negative effects to their family and increase the risk to the survival of their children too. Hence importance of good health and education to a mother's well-being and that of her family and society cannot be overstated. Addressing maternal health means ensuring that all women receive the care they need to be safe and healthy throughout pregnancy and childbirth. Safe motherhood encompasses social and cultural factors, as well as addresses health systems and health policy. Improving maternal health is one of the eight Millennium Development Goals, and great efforts have been put forth to achieve that goal1. Safe motherhood comprise care of mothers in antenatal, intranatal and postnatal period. The ultimate goal of Safe motherhood program in India is to bring down the maternal mortality rate1.
Every day, approximately 800 women die from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth around the world. Among those deaths, ninety nine percentages of all maternal deaths occur in developing countries. Maternal mortality is higher in women living in rural areas and among poorer communities2. India has high maternal mortality rate. The trend report shows that from 1990 to 2010, the annual number of maternal deaths dropped from more than 543,000 to 287,000 – a decline of 47 percent. But still the maternal mortality remains high. The current Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) of India is 212 per one lakh live births. This data shows that there is reduction in the MMR in the year of 2010 which recorded 150 women dying per day and 10 women in every minute3.

[1]. The World Bank: Population and Reproductive Health. Safe Motherhood and Maternal Health. 2013. Available from: URL: http://go.worldbank.org/V5EPGZUL40
[2]. WHO. Maternal Mortality. Fact sheet No. 348. May 2012. Available from: WHO media centre. mediainquiries@who.int.
[3]. UN. A maternal death every 10 minutes in India. Last Updated: Tuesday, July 03, 2012, 08:55. Available from: zeenews.india.com/exclusive/a-maternal-death-every-10…
[4]. UNFPA - Maternal Deaths Halved in 20 Years, but Faster Progress. The report "Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010". 16 May 2012. Available from: http://www.unfpa.org/public/home/news/pid/10730.
[5]. Ghaffar A, Pongpanich S, Robert S. Chapman, AP, Mureed S, Ghaffar. Provision and utilization of routine antenatal care in rural Balochistan Province, Pakistan: A survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pregnant women. Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 2012; 1(1) , 93-116. ISSN: 2241-2328 (print version), 2241-2336 (online) Scienpress Ltd, 2012.
[6]. Nuraini E, Parker E. Improving knowledge of antenatal care among pregnant women: a field trial in central Java, Indonesia. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2005;17(1):3-8.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Incidence of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) among Patients Undergoing Major Surgery at General Hospital Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria.
Country	:	Nigeria.
Authors	:	Dalhatu, A., Olaogun, A., Olayinka, A. T. , Ahmed, S., Timothy. G., Yunusa, U
	:	10.9790/1959-03311621

Abstract: Surgical site infection is one of the most common preventable complications following major surgery and represents a significant burden in terms of patient morbidity, mortality and hospital costs. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving subjects who have undergone major surgery in surgical wards within the period of study. Questionnaires were administered to the 127 respondents alongside with laboratory investigation procedure to obtain data for the study.

[1]. Burk,J.P.(2003). Infection control-A problem for patient safety. . N. Engl. Med, 348:651- 656.
[2]. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention CDC.(2011).Emerging Infectious Disease Journal. Center for Disease Classification, 2011. ISSN: 1080-6059.
[3]. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention CDC.(1992). Definition of nosocomial surgical site infection . a modification of CDC definition of surgical Site infection. Infection control Hospital epidemiology. 13(10)606-608

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Pressure ulcer risk factors: There is no higher priority than prevention
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ashok Kumar, Rajinder Mahal
	:	10.9790/1959-03312225

Abstract: Pressure ulcers, or PRUs, have affected humans for ages, and addressing the overall management of pressure ulcers is now a prominent national healthcare issue. Despite current interest and advances in medicine, surgery, nursing care, and self-care education, pressure ulcers remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This is particularly true for persons with impaired sensation, prolonged immobility, or advanced age. Research in the area of pressure ulcers, specifically in characterization, prevention, and treatment of pressure ulcers, is important in preventing secondary complications in persons with disabilities. As the standards of acute, post traumatic, and rehabilitation care improve, the population of persons with lifelong functional impairments continues to grow. Consequently, the prevention of secondary complications has become an increasingly prominent concern.

(Key words: pressure ulcer; risk factors)

1]. Bours GJJW, Halfens RJG, Huyer Abu-Saad H, Grol RTPM: Prevalence, prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers: descriptive study in 89 institutions in the Netherlands. Research in Nursing & Health 2002, 25:99-110. Health Council of the Netherlands: Pressure Ulcers.
[2]. Bours GJJW, Halfens RJG, Wansink SW: Landelijk prevalentie onderzoek decubitus: resultaten zesde jaarlijkse meting 2003 (Annual Dutch Prevalence Pressure Ulcer Survey: results of the sixth annual survey). Maastricht University, Dept. Health Care Studies/Section Nursing Science: Maastricht 2003.
[3]. Halfens RJG, Janssen MAP, Meijers JMM, Mistiaen P: Rapportage resultaten. Landelijke Prevalentiemeting Zorgproblemen 2005 (Report on results of the Annual Survey of Care Problems 2005). Maastricht University, Dept. Health Care Studies/Section Nursing Science: Maastricht 2005.
[4]. Clark M, Bours GJJW, Defloor T: Summary report on the prevalence of pressure ulcers. EPUAP Review 2002, 4(2):49-57.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A phenomenological study to assess the opinions of infertile women regarding child adoption in south-western Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Ojewole, Foluso O. Onore, Orifa . Nwozichi, Chinomso U
	:	10.9790/1959-03312634

Abstract: Background: Infertility remains a global health challenge with devastating psycho-social consequences in many African communities. Nigeria's rate of infertility is as high as 30%. Child adoption, although usually perceived as the last option for couples with incurable infertility, is associated with several physical, psychological, emotional and ethical issues. These issues have been linked to low acceptance of child adoption among infertile couples. The broad objective of this study was to assess the opinions of infertile women regarding child adoption in South-western Nigeria. Methods: This study utilized a phenomenological qualitative research design. A purposive sampling technique with a criterion sampling strategy was used to select ten (10) infertile women and a focus group structured interview was utilized to collect data from the participants. The demographic data of participants were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version fifteen and the results were presented as a table. The Giorgi's method of analysing qualitative studies was used to analyse the data on opinions of infertile couples Result: From the findings of this study, none of the participants had ever practiced child adoption, meanwhile, Child adoption was viewed as a good thing to do, though attitudinal disposition varied. Participants were of the opinion that child adoption brings joy into the lives of the couple especially those who are yet to have children, though they stated that the society does not accept it but adoption was seen as a way of contributing to the life of an individual as well as make the couple fulfilled. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that there is need for strong advocacy, enlightenment and community mobilization for improved awareness and utilization of adoption services, and improve uptake of adoption as an alternative treatment for infertility.
Keywords: Adoption, infertility, opinion, women.

[1]. Aghanwa H.S., Dare F.O., & Ogunniyi S.O. (2008). Socio-demographic factors in mental disorders associated with infertility in Nigeria. Journal of Psychosomatic disorder, 46(2):117- 123.
[2]. Araoye M.O.(2005). Epidemiology of infertility: Social problems of the infertile couples. West Africa Journal Med, 22(2):190-6.
[3]. Bartholet, E. (2000). Family bonds: Adoption and the politics of parenting. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
[4]. Barth, R.P Berry, M., & Needell, B. (2006). Preparation, support, and satisfaction of adoptive families in agency and independent adoptions. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 13, 157-183.
[5]. Cederblad M., Hook B., Irhammar M & Mercke A.M. (2000). Mental health in international

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Impact of oral care protocol on the incidence and severity of stomatitis induced by radiotherapy.
Country	:	Egypt
Authors	:	Amany M. Shebl . Amira A. Hassanein Wafaa I. Sherief
	:	10.9790/1959-03313544

Abstract:Background: Oral stomatitis is a common debilitating complication of cancer radiotherapy. It results from local effects of radiation on the oral mucosa. The impact of oral stomatitis is far-reaching for patients, caregivers and the medical system. Objective: the aim of the study was to assess impact of oral care protocol to radiotherapy induced stomatitis in cancer patients. Methods: Quasi-experimental research design was conducted in the Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department at Main Mansoura University Hospital. The data were collected from two hundred adult patients of both sex randomized selected who corresponded to inclusion criteria and divided into two groups. Results: the result indicates increased total knowledge score for patients at immediate post more than post tests 1 and post test 2. Also it was found decreased incidence and severity of stomatitis after oral care protocol. There were a positive relation between severity and incidence of stomatitis of studied patients in relation to their knowledge. Conclusion: The implementation of oral care protocol had a positive effect on the studied patients' total knowledge scores and decrease incidence and severity of stomatitis in the study group. It was recommended that, Cancer patients should be given a written instruction plan for their radiotherapy steps and self- management measures to radiotherapy.
Keywords: Cancer, Stomatitis, Radiotherapy

[1]. Shih A, Miaslowski C, Dodd M, et al. Continuing education: A research review of the current treatment for radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum.2010; 29(7):1063-1080. http://www.who.int/uv/faq/skincancer/en/index1.html
[2]. Sonis ST. Oral mucositis in cancer therapy. I Supporl Oncol.2008; 16(l3):3-8.
[3]. Dodd MJ. The pathogenesis and characterization of oral mucositis associated with cancer therapy. Oncol Nurs Forum.2011; 31(4):5-11.
[4]. Eilers J. Nursing intervention and supportive care for prevention and treatment of oral mucositis associated with cancer treatment. Oncol Nurs Forum.2009; 31(4): 13-23, 37-39.
[5]. Brizel DM. Wasserman TH, Henke M, et al. Phase III randomized trial of amifostine as a radioprotector in head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol.2010; 18(19): 3339-3345

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Women's perception of husbands' support during pregnancy, labour and delivery
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Sokoya, Mosunmola RN, RM, BNSc , Farotimi, Adekunbi RN, PhD , Ojewole, Foluso, RN, PhD
	:	10.9790/1959-03314550

Abstract:This study described women's perception of husbands' support during pregnancy, labour and delivery in selected hospitals in Ogun state. A descriptive survey design method in which questionnaire with closed ended questions were randomly distributed to 200 women attending the antenatal and infant welfare clinics of four hospitals in Ogun state. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Findings of the study showed that majority of the participants were between ages 24-29(42%) and 41% were having their first pregnancies. 96.5% of all the participants agreed that husbands' support during pregnancy, labour and delivery was necessary. 96.5% of the participants were encouraged by their husbands support, 86.5% said that their husbands support made pregnancy less stressful for them and 94.5% said that their husbands' provision of their needs gave them emotional security. Additionally, 83.5% of the participants understood that lack of husbands support during pregnancy, labour and delivery was dangerous. It was however discovered that even though men are generally supportive of their pregnant wives, very few of them are directly involved in the maternity care of their wives, as only 42% of the women were accompanied for antenatal visits. Thus, special programmes must be organized for the husbands of pregnant women to increase their knowledge and awareness about the physical, emotional and socio-economical needs of their pregnant wives, emergency obstetric conditions, and engaging them in birth preparedness and complication readiness.
Keywords: Delivery, Husbands, Labour, Pregnancy, Support

[1] Z Iliyasu, I. S.Abubakar, H. S. Galadanci, and M. H. Aliyu, Birth preparedness, complication readiness and fathers' participation in maternity care in a Northern Nigerian Community. African Journal of Reproductive Health Mar, 14(1), 2010, 2 -5.
[2] Kakaire, D. K.Kaye, and M. O. Osinde, Male involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness for emergency obstetric referrals in rural Uganda. Reproductive Health, 8, 2011, 12-16.
[3] Kululanga, Chirwa, Malata and Sundby, Striving to promote male involvement in maternal health care in rural and urban settings in Malawi - a qualitative study. Reproductive Health, 8, 2011, 36-42
[4] E. E. Nwokocha, Maternal crises and the role of African men: The case of a Nigerian community. African Population Studies. 22(1), 2007, 35-56.
[5] Z. Mumtaz and S. Salway, Understanding gendered influences on women's reproductive health in Pakistan: Moving beyond the autonomy paradigm. Soc Sci Med, 68, 2009,1349-1356.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Knowledge of cervical cancer screening among rural Indian women: a cross sectional study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	SuryapriyaBalan Thovarayi , Judith Angelitta Noronha , Shobha. Nayak
	:	10.9790/1959-03315155

Abstract: Cervical cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in the world and the second largest cause of cancer mortality in India. Currently India accounts for 1/4th of the global cervical cancer burden . Though the incidence of cervical cancer has declined in developed countries, in developing countries like India where women do not undergo routine cervical cancer screening it is still a major problem. Purpose: This study was designed to assess the knowledge of cervical cancer, its symptoms, the Pap (Papanicolaou) smear test for screening and screening guidelines Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 407 women aged 21-65 years in a randomly selected village of udupitaluk in Karnataka. The data was collected using a valid knowledge questionnaire. Findings: Majority of the study population (98.5%, 401) had poor knowledge regarding cervical cancer screening. There was no apparent difference in the mean and standard deviation of knowledge scores in the different categories of cervical cancer (2.49±1.665), symptoms (0.43±0.496), Pap smear test (0.33±0.807) and screening guidelines (0.51±0.742). There is very poor knowledge of cervical cancer screening among women. Effective female education and mass screening are necessary for successful cervical cancer screening programme in India.
Keywords: knowledge, cervical cancer, screening, rural, Pap smear test, Indian women

[1]. Eddy DM. Screening for cervical cancer. Annals of Internal Medicine .1990,113:214-216.
[2]. Bhatla N. Ending cervical cancer in Asia: regional burden of disease. Cervical Cancer Action "Champions" Webinar. 2012.
[3]. Donta B, Begum S, Saritha N, Naik DD, Mali BN, BandiwadekarA.Awareness of Cervical Cancer among Couples in a Slum Area of Mumbai. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012,13: 4901-4903.
[4]. Tamil Nadu Systems Projec.. Department of Health and Family Welfare. Screening for cervical and Breast Cancer. Government of Tamil Nadu. 2005 (Available from http://www.tnhsp.org/screening-cervical-cancer-and-breast-cancer).
[5]. Nwankwo K.C, Aniebue U, Aguwa E.N, Anarado AN, Agunwah E. Knowledge attitudes and practices of cervical cancer screening among urban and rural Nigerian women: a call for education and mass screening. European Journal of Cancer Care.2011, 20:362–367.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effectiveness of structured teaching program (STP) on knowledge regarding prevention and control of tuberculosis
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Raman Lal Patidar , Ravindra H.N., Pavan Kumar Jain
	:	10.9790/1959-03315661

Abstract: Background Tuberculosis continues to be a major health problem in the world particularly in the developing countries. The nursing personal are more prone to develop the risk of tuberculosis so they should have adequate knowledge about the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Aims and objectives: The study aimed at assessing the knowledge of internship GNM students on prevention and control of tuberculosis, to develop and administer the structured teaching programme, evaluate its effectiveness on knowledge of prevention and control of tuberculosis and to find an association between pre and posttest knowledge scores with their socio-demographic variables. Material and Methods: A one group pre-test post-test pre-experimental approach was adopted. The study was conducted among 60 nursing students conveniently selected from two nursing school of Vadodara. The content validity of the tool and teaching plan was established. The reliability of tool was established by testing the internal consistency by using Test -retest method.
Results: Result of study indicate that total pretest mean percentage 52.73% and posttest mean percentage 81.05 % which shows the increase post-test knowledge compare to the pretest knowledge score of the participants Conclusion: This study concluded that structure teaching program is effective tools to improve the knowledge of internship GNM students on prevention and control of tuberculosis
Key words: Internship GNM students, knowledge, Prevention and control of Tuberculosis, Structure teaching programme.

[1]. http://www.news-medical.net/health/History-of-Tuberculosis.aspx
[2]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_tuberculosis
[3]. www.health.ny.gov/disease/chronic/basicstal.htm.
[4]. http://www.tbfacts.org/tb-statistics-india.html
[5]. Joyce. M. black; Medical-Surgical Nursing; 8thEdition; Elsevier publication; Volume-2; 1603-1609

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Assess the Knowledge of Staff Nurses Regarding Alzheimer's Disease in Government General Hospital Guntur
Country	:	India
Authors	:	K.Suganthi M.sc (N) R.N, R.M
	:	10.9790/1959-03316265

Abstract: A descriptive study was conducted "To assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding Alzheimer' disease in Govt General hospital Guntur. A.P. India. The objectives are 1.To assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding Alzheimer's disease. 2. To associate the knowledge levels with selected demographic variables like age, education and experience. The sample were selected by using purposive sampling by use self administered questionnaire. The finding of the study reveals that 24% of nurses have above average knowledge, 60% nurses have average knowledge and 26% of nurses have below average knowledge

[1]. Brunner and suddarth , "Text book of surgical nursing" 11th edition, Lippincott publication , 2009, page no 243-244 .
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