iosr-JNHS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-August 2014

Abstract: Introduction: Alcohol is a family disease it drawn effects on the person who is drinker and whole the family but the mostly affected person is the spouses of the drinker. Alcoholism affect emotionally, physically, socially and psychologically. Spouses feel difficult to manage her married life and feel stress. The objectives of the study is To assess the stress level among spouses of alcoholic men and To find association between stress level and selected socio demographic variables. The study was reviewed under the heading like literature related to Personality of wives of alcoholics, literature related to Stressful situations in wives of alcoholic, literature related to Familial and marital interactions and children of alcoholics and literature related to wives responses to Alcoholism

Keywords: Stress, Alcoholic men, Spouses

[1]. "Diagnostic Criteria for Alcohol Abuse and Dependence - Alcohol Alert No. 30-1995". Archived from the original on 27 March 2010. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
[2]. Caan, Woody; Belleroche, Jackie de, eds. (11 April 2002). Drink, Drugs and Dependence: From Science to Clinical Practice (1st ed.). Routledge. pp. 19–20. ISBN 978-0-415-27891-1.
[3]. WHO. "Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms published by the World Health Organization". World Health Organisation.
[4]. Tracy, Sarah J. (25 May 2005). Alcoholism in America: from reconstruction to prohibition. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 31–52. ISBN 978-0-8018-8119-0.
[5]. Ms Leanne Riley (31 January 2003). "WHO to meet beverage company representatives to discuss health-related alcohol issues". World Health Organisation. http://www.ias.org.uk/resources/papers/europe/phproject/bingedrinking-report.pdf

Abstract: Human rights are an important component for effectiveness in care. Enjoyment of the human right to health is vital to all aspects of a person's life and well being. The study aimed to compare the awareness about human rights among the male and female caregivers of Patients diagnosed with Psychiatric disorders. Descriptive design was adopted, 50 male caregivers and 50 female Caregivers at the Psychiatric OPD and Inpatient wards were considered as the subjects and over a period of 4 weeks, samples were selected based on the sampling criteria. Among the male caregivers 62% were having poor awareness and 38% of them were having average awareness and majority of the female caregivers (82.0%) were having poor awareness and 18% of them were having average awareness and none of them were having good awareness. It is believed that care givers are playing key role in the treatment of mentally ill patients so it is the responsibility of the psychiatric nurse to ensure that their actions promote welfare of patients

[1]. David moore. The little black book of psychiatry.3rd edition, 2007. Massachusetts: Jones& Bartlett, pp 15-25
[2]. Dr.K.Lalitha. Mental health and psychiatric nursing an Indian perspectives.2007. Bangalore: V.M.G.Houser, pp 610-629
[3]. Townsend. Psychiatric mental Helth Nursing Concepts of care.5th edition, 2005. ,Philadelphia: F.A.Davis company,pp 78-91
[4]. Basawaraja . Knowledge regarding rights of mentally ill among caregivers. Indian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing.2009: 47-53
[5]. Dickens G & Sugarman. Interpretation and knowledge of human rights in mental health practice. British Journal of Psychiatric Nursing.2008: May 22-Jun 11;17(10):664-7
[6]. Kogstad. Protecting mental health clients' dignity - the importance of legal control. International Journal of Law psychiatry.2009. Nov-Dec;32(6):383-91

Abstract: A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of simulation versus video film as a method of teaching. This study was conducted in a selected college of nursing, Dehradun; Uttrakhand. Total 60 samples were taken i.e. 30 for simulation and 30 for video film by random sampling technique. Before exposing the groups to simulation and another group to video film, a pre test (simulation based demonstration demonstration) was taken and samples were observed with the help of structured observation checklist. After pre test One group was exposed to simulation based demonstration and another group was exposed to video film on the same topic and steps. Post - test was conducted after one week by taking return demonstration. The mean post –test was significantly higher in both the teaching individually, but when Comparison was made among both the teaching methods. The post-test mean score of simulation was (24.40) post -test mean score for video was (24.00) which was found statistically non significant. This indicates that both the methods have its own benefits in teaching. We can learn in both the ways. Some can learn by simulation and some after video film exposure. It depends how we perceive it.

Keywords: Adult, basic life support, skills, simulation, video film.

[1]. Albert, K. Richard., Slutsky, Arthur. Rainier, Marco. Takala, Jukka & Torres, Antoni. (2006). Clinical Critical Care Medicine.1st edition.Mosby-Elseveir: Philadelphia.301-341.
[2]. Antman, Elliot M. (2002).Cardiovascular Therapeutics; A companion to Braunwald‟s heart disease, 2nd edition. W. B. Saunders Company.233-270.
[3]. Best John W. (1992). Research In Education, New Delhi: Prentice hall of India private limited.
[4]. Burns N. & Grove, S.K,(Understanding nursing research). 2nd edition, W.B.Saunders company: Philadelphia.293-329.
[5]. Eric J.Topol. (2005). Acute Coronary Syndrome, 3rd Edition. New York, USA: Markel Dicker.657-680.
[6]. Feliciano, V., David, Maltox. Lkenneth & Moore E. Ernest. (2008). Trauma.6th edition, Mcgraw-Hill.141-185.

Abstract: Health financing in most of Sub Saharan Africa is based on out-of-pocket payment from the people. Because of out-of-pocket payment has caused so many families in SSA poor. This is to encourage people in SSA to implement Community-Based Health Insurance Scheme as the program is about risk pooling. This is significant because it provides a chance for the people to be out of poverty as a result of high money paid whenever they are assessing health care through out-of-pocket payment at the point of service delivery. This view of community-based health insurance is a new area of health financing in the developing countries supported by the World Health Organization (WHO), World Bank (WB), International Labor Organization among others. In the SSA countries like Ghana, Mali, Burkina Faso has been very successful in this direction. In Nigeria, this concept of community-based health insurance plan is a new development so effort should be made to create awareness about this laudable project. But with CBHIS health care services would be provided based on the needs of the community. And as the focal point of CBHIS is the informal sector and the vast majority of the Nigerian people are located in the rural areas. the majority of the diseases that are killing our people are mostly communicable and preventable diseases. The management of the CBHIS is going to be by the rural people who will appoint among themselves those that are capable of the job. While, the Health Maintenance Organization are charged by the law to supervise the activities of these CBHIS. Keywords: Health Financing, Out-of-Pocket, Sokoto, Community-Based Health Insurance

[1]. A.S. Preker. (2002). Effectiveness of Community Health Financing in Meeting the Cost of Illness. Bulletin of the WHO, 80(2), 143–150.
[2]. Ajilowo J B. (2007). Accessibilty of Rural Dwellers to Health Care Facilities in Nigeria: The Owo Region Experience. Pakistan Journal of Social Science, 4(1), 44–55.
[3]. Andersson, N., & Marks, S. (1987). Work and health in Namibia: preliminary notes. Journal of Southern African Studies, 13(2), 274–292.
[4]. Atim, C. (1998). Contribution of Mutual Health Organization to Funding, Delivery and Access to Health Care: Systhesis of Research in nine West and Central African Countries.
[5]. Atim CB, Diop FP, E. J. et al. (1998). The Contribution of Mutual Health Organizations to Financing, Delivery, and Access in Health Care in West Africa: Summaries and Case Studies in Six Countries. doi:No 19

Abstract: Introduction: Haemodialysis has been shown to offer a high quality of life to patients in the F.C.T. It is an option that is well chosen and acceptable to most patients because of easy access. This research reports the findings of a survey in the F.C.T covering the haemodialysis centres used for the treatment of renal failure. This study evaluates the effectiveness and adequacy of haemodialysis as an option for the treatment of renal failure. Methods: A ten multi-answered questions were asked of several groups of dialysis professionals and patients covering a population of 350 consisting Nephrologists, Nephrology Nurses and Patients. Simple tables, percentages and pie charts were used in analysing the data. Results: The results shows preferences of the options of haemodialysis which ranked better than other option with 100% from all the respondents while kidney transplant and peritoneal dialysis carries 51.14% and 42.86% respectively. The reasons adduced to the preference of the option include accessibility, cost effectiveness and reliability. Factors affecting the use of the option are enablers, barriers and contraindicators. Conclusions: Early detection of renal problem, frequent haemodialysis and education are remedial palliatives in reducing renal problem while good and adequate haemodialysis by patients help prolong their lifespan.

Key words: Haemodialysis, Kidney Transplantation, Peritoneal Dialysis, End Stage Renal Disease and Adequacy of Dialysis.

[1]. Bambgoye E: Haemodialysis: Management Problems In Developing Countries, With Nigeria As A Surrogate Kidney International. 2003,
[2]. Alebiosu Co, Ayodele Oo, Abbas A, Olutoyin Ai: Chronic Renal Failure At The Olabisionabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2006.
[3]. Ulasi & Ifeoma; Haemodialysis In Renal Therapy In Nigeria, Enugu Nigeria, 2013)
[4]. Chiejina. Aprivate Dialysis Booms On Renal Disease Upsurge- A Publication Of Businessday. (2014)
[5]. Chukwunonye Et Al The Plight Of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients In Nigeria: Journal Of Dental And Medical Sciences (Jdms); (2012)
[6]. Ekrikpo U., Udo A. Et. Al) Haemodialysis In An Emerging Centre In A Developing Country.- Curled From B.M.C Nephrology,2008

Abstract: Apart from Medical professionals and experts there are a few people in the society who have knowledge about the usefulness of Low Visual Aids. Visually impaired persons are those who suffer from low vision have normally treated as Blind. A Survey was conducted in different blind schools in West Bengal, India to assess the impacts of LVAs on Visually Challenged students of the blind schools who are treated as blind. From the survey it is revealed that a section of blind students, studying in blind schools have some useful residual functional vision to do his / her day-to-day activities which can be improved with Low Visual Aids (LVAs). In this way they can live a life like a normal people. Unfortunately, visually challenged students are still squeezing themselves with the Braille system. The members of administrative bodies, teachers, staffs, guardians of the visually challenged students are either remained ignorant or have little ideas about the advantageous uses of low cost LVAs. Some blind schools show their apathy to use LVAs. S0 a section of the human resource remained unused/under- used condition which is not supportive to the socio- economic development of a country like India. Awareness generation programmes can improve the situation through the involvements of the society for the proper utilization of a section of under used human resource of the country. This work is a tale of experiences which have gathered through the blind school survey in West Bengal, India.

Key Words: Blind Schools, Human Resource, Low Visual Devices, Society, Visually Challenged Students

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Abstract: Hot compress is an action to reduce pain by providing heat energy through conduction process. Phlebitis is a vein wall inflammation, which is characterized by pain, redness and sometimes local swelling. Phlebitis can be treated by pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. Non-pharmacological therapies that can be conducted including the provision of a hot compress. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of pain before and after a hot compress treatment and to determine the effectiveness of hot compresses to decrease phlebitis pain due to intravenous line set up. This study was conducted in two phases which consists of a case study with an observational participative design which was held in Malang and a quasi-experimental design with one group pre - post experimental method which was held in Ponorogo, with a sample comprising of 2 study subjects and 20 respondents who were obtained by using consecutive sampling. The results showed that there were faster changes when Bourbonais pain scale was used to measure the pain felt by the client after hot compress and the changes became slower when there was no hot compress with a two-day control, a decrease in pain levels between before treatment (pre-test) and after treatment (post-test.). It was also discovered that the provision of a hot compress effectively reduce pain caused by phlebitis after intravenaline set up. (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test P = 0.000 and Z = -3.874). It is recommended to the hospital to socialize and intensively implemented this technique considering that this technique is cheap, easy to implement and with no side effects.

Keywords: intravenous line, phlebitis pain, hot compress

[1]. Elkin J.M.C., 2000, "Nursing Intervention and Clinical Skills", 2nd Eddition. Missouri: Mosby-Year Book Inc.
[2]. Fawcett, NJ., 1999, "Nursing Practice Hospital and Home the Adult", Churchill. Livingstone.
[3]. Gabriel, JF., 1998, "Fisika Kedokteran", Jakarta: EGC.
[4]. Hartono A (Penerjemah). Roper, N., 1996, "Prinsip-Prinsip Keperawatan", Yogyakarta: Yayasan Esentia Medika: 61-67.
[5]. Ignatavicius, 1996, "Medical Surgical Nursing: A Nursing Process Approach", Philadelphia: W.B. Sunders Company.
[6]. Kozier, Barbara, 1995, "Fundamental of Nursing Concepts, Process and Practice", California: Addition-Wesley. Inc.
[7]. LaRocca. JC., 1998, "Terapi Intravena", Edisi II. Jakarta: EGC.
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Abstract: Aim:To evaluate the significance of the biomaterial composition of the implanted intra ocular lenses, in the occurrence of Posterior Capsular Opacificationfollowing a cataract surgery. Methods: A total of 75 patients who underwent IOL implant surgery were studied. The patients were classified based on the biomaterial of the IOL implanted in the eye following a cataract surgery. Group A consisted of eyes implanted with Polymethyl Methacrylate IOLs and Group B consisted of eyes implanted with AcrysofIOLs. The patients were later treated with YAG laser to clear the Posterior Capsular Opacificationat the Ujjain laser center, Ujjain, Madhya pradesh. Results: The incidence of Posterior Capsular Opacificationwas found to develop earlier in the eyes implanted withPMMA IOLs as compared to Posterior Capsular Opacificationoccurrence in eyes implanted with Acrysof IOLs. Conclusion: the incidence of Posterior Capsular Opacificationwas found to be delayed by the use of AcrysofIOLs when compared to the use of PMMA IOLs.

Index terms: intraocular lenses, Polymethyl Methacrylate, Acrysof, posterior capsular opacification, lens epithelial cells, capsulotomy, biocompatibility

[1]. MahtabAlamKhanzada et al .Comparative incidence of Posterior Capsular Opacificationin acrysof and PMMA intraocular lenses.Int J opthalmol, Vol 2, No.2, june 18,2009.
[2]. Posterior Capsule OpacificationAfter Lens ImplantationIncidence, Risk Factors and ManagementAbhay R Vasavada, Shetal M Raj, Gauri D Shah, Mayank A NanavatyDisclosuresExpert Rev Ophthalmol. 2013;8(2):141-149.

Abstract:This paper traces historical development and growth of the nursing sector in Nepal and then explores the impacts and effects of the growth to the nursing sector and nurses' professionalization. Providing an overview of an evolutionary development of the nursing sector in three historical junctures, "formative period", "transformative period" and "globalised period", this paper shows that historically nursing education in Nepal has grown extensively in the globalised period, after 1990 when the government allowed the private sector to open nursing colleges. Despite the growth in the sector, this paper shows that privatisation of nursing education sector has not been accompanied by strong monitoring and quality control mechanisms. As a result, it has had several implications to professionalization of nursing service in the country. The impacts noticed are 1) privatisation and commercialisation of nursing education and training sector; 2) problems of quality control and integrity; 3) lack of demand and supply analysis of nursing professionals; 4) exploitation of newly trained nurses; and 5) Nursing as an accelerator of international migration.
Key words: Nursing, education, service, professionalization, migration, Nepal

[1]. Adhikari, R. (2009-2010). The "dream-trap": Brokering, "study abroad" and nurse migration from Nepal to the UK. European Bulletin of Himalayan Research, 35-36, 122-138.
[2]. Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. (2001). The Role of Nursing Leadership in Creating Caring Environments in Health Care Delivery Systems. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 25(3), 1-7.
[3]. Dixit, H. (2005). Nepal's Quest for Health: Health services of Nepal Kathmandu: Educational Publishing House.
[4]. Gurung, G., & Facchini, E. (2011, 22 December ). The nurses' dilemma, The Kathmandu Post.
[5]. Khanal, D. R., Rajkarnikar, P. R., Acharya, K. P., & Upreti, D. R. (2005). Understanding Reforms in Nepal: Political economy and institutional perspective. Kathmandu: Institute for Policy Research and Development.

Abstract: Background: Fatigue is considered as a major problem in hemodialysis patients and can impair their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of educational nursing intervention on fatigue in hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: Quasi-experimental research design was conducted in the Hemodialysis Unit at Public Fayoum Hospital. The data were collected from eighteen hemodialysis patients of both sex randomized selected who corresponded to inclusion criteria and divided into two groups: Experimental and control group (40 subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria assigned to each group). The measures included the form of sociodemographic characteristics, and Piper Fatigue Scale. Patients in the experimental group received early intervention while patients in the control group received routine hospital care. Results: The results of the research showed that significant differences in the total mean score of fatigue in the experimental and control groups after participation in the program (P < 0.001). Also there are significantly statistically between age, gender, duration of disease and frequency of dialysis and level of fatigue (p<0/05). Conclusion: Early intervention protocol leads to improve knowledge related to side effect of hemodialysis e.g. fatigue and reduce fatigue in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, use of this non-pharmacologic technique for hemodialysis nurses is suggested.

Key words: ESRD , hemodialysis, fatigue, intervention, self- management

[1]. United States Renal Data System.(2012). United States Renal Data System 2012 annual data report: Atlas of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
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[3]. Murtagh FE, Addington-Hall J, Higginson IJ.(2007). The prevalence of symptoms in end-stage renal disease: A systematic review. Advances in Chronic Kidney Diseases.;14(1):82–99.
[4]. Yong DS, Kwok AO, Wong DM, Suen MH, Chen WT, Tse DM.(2009). Symptom burden and quality of life in end-stage renal disease: A study of 179 patients on dialysis and palliative care. Palliative Medicine.;23(2):111–119.
[5]. Jablonski A.(2007). The multidimensional characteristics of symptoms reported by patients on hemodialysis. Nephrology Nursing Journal.;34(1):29–37. quiz 38.