iosr-JNHS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2014

Abstract:The nursing practice environment has been defined as the organizational characteristics of a work setting that facilitate or constrain professional nursing practice5. Examples of these characteristics include the nature of nurses' relationships with managers and physicians, and the status of nurses within the hospital hierarchy.

[1]. Aiken, L.H., P.A. Patrician. 2000. Measuring Organizational Traits of Hospitals: The Revised Nursing Work Index. Nursing Research 49: 146-153.
[2]. Aiken, L.H., S. P. Clarke, and D.M. Sloane, et al. 2009. Effects of Hospital Care Environment on Patient Mortality and Nurse Outcomes.JONA 39:s45-51
[3]. Aiken, L.H., S. P. Clarke, and D.M. Sloane, et al. 2002. Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction.JAMA 288(16): 1987-93
[4]. Aiken, L. H., H. L. Smith, and E. T. Lake. 1994. Lower Medicare Mortality among a Set of Hospitals Known for Good Nursing Care. Medical Care 32: 771–787.
[5]. Lake E. Development of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index. Research in Nursing and Health.2002;25(3):176–88.
[6]. Porter-O'Grady T, George V. A mature shared governance system: more structure than substance. J Nurs Adm. 1996; 26(2):14–20.
[7]. Aiken L, Clarke S, Cheung R, Sloane D, Silber J. Education Levels of Hospital Nurses and Patient Mortality. Journal of the American Medical Association.2003;290(12):1617–23.

Abstract:HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic with greatest burden in sub-Saharan African including Nigeria which could be accounted for by wrong perception and poor care given to those with the disease. This is worrisome because poor perception today will result to poor care and patient's management outcome. This study was therefore aimed at perception of clinical students towards the care of HIV positive patients in tertiary hospitals, Bayelsa State, since they will eventually get into the work force and practice what they have been used to and this has serious implication on outcome of care and interventions on the patients. A descriptive cross sectional survey design involving questionnaires was used to obtain data from respondents over a period of 1month. The target population consists of all clinical students in nursing, medicine and medical laboratory science. Purposive sampling technique was used to obtain a total of one hundred and twenty students who gave consent for the study.

[1]. CIA World Factbook, (2009).
[2]. Ike, S.O & Aniebue, P.N. (2007) HIV/AIDS Perception and Sexual Behaviour among Nigerian University Students.Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 10 (2): 105 – 110.
[3]. Phelan, J.C., Link, B.G & Meyer, J,F. (2008). Stigma and prejudice: One animal or two? Social Science &Medicine, 67, 358-367.
[4]. Ratiburn, R. C., (2012): Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection. Medscape reference, drugs, procedures and diseases, emedicine.com
[5]. Redmond,W.A. (2009); human Immunogenic clearly virus.Minessoft Encarta
[6]. Stavropoulou, A., Stroubouki, T., Lionaki, A., Lionaki, S., Bakogiorga, H., &Zidianaski, Z. (2011): Student Nurses' Perception on Caring for People Living with HIV. Health Science journal, 5(4):288-292.

Abstract:Background study: Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects one person in a hundred at some stage in life (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network [SIGN], 1998). Initial onset is usually in the teens or twenties and the subsequent course is variable. Unless the initial episode is brief, incomplete recovery and further relapses are the most likely outcome (SIGN, 1998). Rehabilitation Rehabilitation emphasizes social and vocational training to help people with schizophrenia function better in their communities. Because schizophrenia usually develops in people during the critical career-forming years of life (ages 18 to 35), and because the disease makes normal thinking and functioning difficult, most patients do not receive training in the skills needed for a job. Rehabilitation programs can include job counseling and training, money management counseling, help in learning to use public transportation, and opportunities to practice communication skills. Rehabilitation programs work well when they include both job training and specific therapy designed to improve cognitive or thinking skills. Programs like this help patients hold jobs, remember important details, and improve their functioning.

[1]. Schizophrenia - DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria, American Psychiatric Association
[2]. Addington, D., Boouchard, R., Goldberg, J., Honer, B., Malla, A., Norman, R., Tempier, R., Berzins, S. (2005). Clinical practice guidelines: Treatment of schizophrenia. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 50, 1.
[3]. Bustillo, J., Lauriello, J., Horan, W., & Keith, S. (2001). The psychosocial treatment of schizophrenia: An update. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 163-175.
[4]. Cohen, A., Forbes, C., Mann, M., & Blanchard, J. (2006). Specific cognitive deficits and differential domains of social functioning impairment in Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 81, 227-238.
[5]. Lehman, A., & Steinwachs, D. (1998). Patterns of usual care for schizophrenia: initial results from the Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) client survey. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 24, 11-20.
[6]. Liberman, R., & Glick, I. (2004). Drug and psychosocial curricula for psychiatry residents for treatment of schizophrenia: Part I. Psychiatric Services, 55, 11, 1217-1218.
[7]. Torrey, W., Drake, R., DIXON, L., Burns, B., Flynn, L., Rush, J., et al. (2001). Implementing evidence-based practices for persons with severe mental illnesses.

Abstract:Aim: to determine difference of self esteem level among B.ScNursing students 4th year and GNM interns. Objectives: Self - esteem is a widely used concept both in popular language and in Psychology. It refers to an individual's sense of his or her value or worth, or the extent to which a person value, approves of, appreciates, prizes, or like him or herself. Methodology:A comparative study was conducted in the Rajeev Educational Trust at Hassan on 40 students in both groups of final year B.Sc Nursing students and final year GNM students selected through simple random method. The multidimensional self esteem questionnaire The study was conducted in the Rajeev Educational Trust at Hassan offered different type courses The final year B.Sc. nursing class 70 students are studyiwas used to collect the data.

[1]. Nancy Adler and Judith Stewart, ―Collaboration with the Psychosocial working Group‖ March 2004.
[2]. Hure D ―Psychosocial problem among students‖. Apr 1993; 7(3): 70-76.
[3]. Elit M ―self esteem through the student attitude‖. Apr 2002; 18(3): 120-126.
[4]. Ruiz-Muñoz Adel M. ―Self-esteem level and correlation to risk behaviour of students at‖ J Contemp Dent Pract. 2008 Jan 1; 9(1):38-45.

Abstract: Background: Assessment of clinical skills has a central role in nursing education and the selection of suitable methods has been a matter of permanent concern for clinical teachers, course directors and educators. there are no studies in the nursing literature examining the use of the OSCE as a method for evaluating the performance of clinical skills by nurses. The aim of this study was to describe faculty's' perceptions toward the first OSCE implemented at Center for Health Studies, Nursing Department (CHS-ND). Methodology: A descriptive, Cross sectional study was carried out on the faculties who were deeply involved with the OSCE. Data was collected from 20 faculty members by Self-explanatory questionnaire immediately after students completed the examination.

[1]. Gravett, S. Assessment and Evaluation Methods - OBE. Unpublished paper presented at Forum for University Departments of Nursing in South Africa (FUNDISA AGM) 26-27 May GILLINGS, B & DAVIES, C. 1998: Evaluating Student Performance. Nursing Times Learning Curve, 2(8), 2000, October, 8-15.
[2]. GillIngs, B & Davies, C 1998: Evaluating Student Performance. Nursing Times Learning Curve 2(8) October 7: 8-15.
[3]. Bondy, K. Criterion-referenced definitions for rating scales in clinical evaluation. Journal Nursing Education, 22(9), 1983, 376-82.
[4]. Jenkins, H. Improving clinical decision-making in nursing. Journal of Nursing Education. 24, 1985, 242 - 243.
[5]. MALEK, C. A model for teaching critical thinking. Nurse Educator, 11(6), 1986, 20-23.
[6]. Melllish, J. BRINK, H. and PATON, F. 1998: Teaching and learning the practice of nursing. Johannesburg: Heinemann.
[7]. Howley L. Performance assessment in medical education: where we've been and where we're going. Eval Health Prof, 27(3), 2004, 285-303.

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global infectious disease, infecting 9.4 million patients in 2009 and nearly 14 million people living with the disease worldwide. The Aim of this study: Assess tuberculosis patients' perspective of quality of care provided by nurses after implementing nursing intervention at chest hospitals in Gharbia Governorate and evaluates the effect of educational intervention on nurse's knowledge and attitude regarding tuberculosis disease. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in Tanta and El Mahalla chest hospitals in Gharbia Governorate. The study sample included all old and newly diagnosed cases (at least two weeks on treatment) with TB, and 149 nurses form both chest hospitals. Data were collected through an interview sheet which includes socio-demographic characteristics, personal history of chronic diseases, patients' knowledge about TB and A questionnaire sheet include socio-demographic characteristics related to the nurses, the nurses' knowledge about tuberculosis and their attitude.

[1]. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis control: WHO report 2010. WHO/ HTM/TB/2010.7. Genev World HealthOrganization. http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/2010/en/index.html; 2010.
[2]. WHO. World Health Organization Global tuberculosis control surveillance planning financing. 2006:http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global-report/2004/en/index.html.
[3]. World Health Organization. The Stop TB Strategy: building on and enhancingDOTS to meet the TB-related millennium development goals. WHO/HTM/TB/2006.368. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/tb/strategy/en/index.html; 2006.
[4]. Laserson K and Wells C. Reaching the targets for tuberculosis control: the impactof HIV. Bull World Health Organ, 2007;85(5):377-81.World Health Organization. Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant TB(M/XDRTB): 2010 global report on surveillance and response. WHO/HTM/TB/2010.3.Genev

Abstract: Objective: 1) To assess the prevalence of Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome among women attending Gyne OPD of selected hospital. 2) To assess the knowledge and practice of women with PCOS regarding Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome. Methodology: Exploratory survey design. A sample of 275 women of 12-49 years of age was selected by Purposive Sampling technique. A structured interview schedule, a structured knowledge interview schedule and a self-expressed practice rating scale were used to collect data Result: The prevalence of PCOS among women attending Gyne OPD of Safdarjung Hospital was found to be 10.09%. The knowledge of the women with PCOS regarding PCOS and its management was found to be inadequate with the mean score of 12.1 out of 33. Similarly the practices were also found to be inadequate with the mean score of 59.87 out of 115.Identifying the areas of inadequate knowledge and practices a Health Care Package was developed for women with PCOS. Keywords: Knowledge, Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Practice, Prevalence, Self Expressed Practice Rating Scale, Structured Interview Schedule.

[1]. Dutta, D.C.Text book of gynecology including contraception (4th ed.) (Calcutta: new central book agency (p) Ltd.,2006)
[2]. Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, Key TJ, Knochenhauer ES, Yildiz BO. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:2745–9.
[3]. DeUgarte CM, Bartolucci AA, Azziz R. Prevalence of insulin resistance in the polycystic ovary syndrome using the homeostasis model assessment. Fertil Steril. 2005;83:1454–60.
[4]. Escobar-Morreale HF, Luque-Ramirez M, Gonzalez F. Circulating inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Fertil Steril. 2011;95:1048–58. e1–2
[5]. Christian RC, Dumesic DA, Behrenbeck T, Oberg AL, Sheedy PF, 2nd, Fitzpatrick LA. Prevalence and predictors of coronary artery calcification in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. ,88,2003,2562–8.
[6]. Wild RA, Carmina E, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Dokras A, Escobar-Morreale HF, Futterweit W, et al. Assessment of cardiovascular risk and prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. ,95,2010,2038–49.

Abstract: The experience of being diagnosed with and treated for cancer is an extremely stressful experience for most individuals. In addition to commonly recognized negative effects such as posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), there may be positive personal developmental change, including posttraumatic growth (PTG). The purpose of the study was to explore the post traumatic growth among cancer patients. The study involved 100 cancer patients. The data was collected by using standardized tool-post traumatic growth inventory (PTGI) which consists of five subscales. Participants reported high spiritual strength. Only few of the patients were able to develop new possibilities which suggest that they may be beginning to make choices in a more conscious manner.

[1]. DamayantiDatta. When lifestyle spells disaster.India today. 2010 August 13 available from: http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/when-lifestyle-spells-disaster/1/108803.html [2]. Artherholt SB, Fann JR. Psychosocial care in cancer. Current Psychiatry Reports 2012; 14(1):23-29. [3]. Matthew Tull. Posttraumatic Growth. Medical Review Board 2009 nov, 9available from: http://ptsd.about.com/od/glossary/g/ptsdgrowthdef.htm [4]. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics. 2012. 62(1):10-29.
[5]. Das B.P Cancer pattern in Haryana: twenty one year experience, Health Administrator (17), 1: (29-49). Available from: http://medind.nic.in/haa/t05/i1/haat05i1p29.pdf

Abstract: A study was done to assess the cardiac risk factors among people attending cardiac exhibition at selected hospital, Salem. Quantitative descriptive research design was used for this study. 169 people were selected by using non probability convenience sampling technique. After conducting cardiac exhibition health related data was collected from the participants along with the physiological parameters such as blood pressure, BMI, Waist-Hip ratio. It showed that 121 (71.59%) were at mild risk, 39(23.07%) at moderate risk and 9(5.32%) at severe risk for developing cardiac diseases. The chi square test was used to find out the association between cardiac risk factors among people who attended cardiac exhibition with their demographic and health related variables. The results showed that demographic variables like age, educational status, nature of job and monthly income and health related variables like blood pressure and family history of heart diseases and BMI had significant association with cardiac risk factors. Hence research hypothesis H1 was retained at p<0.05 level.

Keywords: CAD risk factors, Cardiac Exhibition, Demographic variables, Health related variables, Prevalence.

[1]. Murrey C J. et.al., (1997). Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world. Global burden of disease study. Lancet. 349:1269-1276
[2]. WHO. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases .WHO Technical Report Series .916.WHO, Geneva 2003.
[3]. WHO Global atlas on cardiovascular diseases prevention and control, Geneva 2011.
[4]. Heart disease and stroke statistics 2006 update. A report from the American Heart Association statistics committee and stroke statistics subcommittee. Circulation. 2006;113:e85-e15
[5]. WHO. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva, WHO .2010.
[6]. Vinith Kumar A.et.al. (2012).Prevalence and prognosis of RV infarction in inferior wall .Asian Journal of Clinical Cardiology.vol.14 No: 12.April 2012.page 409-448.

Abstract: The present project was designed to study the epidemiology of salmonella associated diarrhea in children in Faisalabad, Pakistan. In this case control study, stool samples of 300 children having age below 60 months were collected from different health centers of Faisalabad (150 of the children having diarrhea and 150 without diarrhea). These samples were evaluated for the presence of salmonella through specific culture media, staining reaction, biochemical tests and sugar fermentation characteristics. Epidemiological data of each child were collected on a predesigned questionnaire.

1]. U Parashar, JS. Bresee and RI. Glass, The global burden of diarrhoeal disease in children. Bull. World Health Organ, 2003, 81: 236.
[2]. A Walsh and S. Warren. Selective primary health care: an interim strategy for disease control in developing countries. N Engl J Med, 1979, 301, 967-974.
[3]. J Bartram, "New water forum will repeat old message". Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2003, 83(3), 158.
[4]. Anonymous, Selected publications and documents on diarrhoeal diseases (including cholera), 1999, 25-26.
[5]. C Seung-Hak, K. Jong-Hyun, K. Jong-Chul, S. Hyun-Ho, K. Yeon-Ho and L. Bok-Kwon, Surveillance of Bacterial Pathogens Associated with acute diarrheal disease in the Republic of Korea during one year 2003.The Journal of Microbiology, 2006, 44(3), 327-335.
[6]. OA Olowe, AB. Olayemi, KIT. Eniola and AO. Adeyeba, Aetiological agents of diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age in Osogbo. Afr. J. Clin. and Exp. Microbiol, 2003, 4(3), 62- 66.

Abstract: Background: South-west Nigeria favourably supports growth and production of different food crops and with an ingredient such as crayfish children's complementary foods can be derived all year round. Suitability and adequacy of different products from crayfish, yellow maize, millet, sorghum, soybean, groundnut, and carrot as complementary food items was investigated. Objective: Formulation of nutritionally adequate complementary foods from local ingredients.

[1]. WHO (2000): Complementary feeding: family foods for breast fed children: 48-52
[2]. Altschul, A.M (1974). New protein foods Vo1 1a Academic Press Pp 20-21
[3]. Atimo T. (1982). Nutritional diseases among Nigerian children J. of Nutr Sc. 3(1). 42-47.
[4]. FAO (1966). Gram Legume in African 3rd ed. FAO, Rome pg 82-83.
[5]. AOAC (2005) Official methods of Analysis 18 ed. Association of official Analytical chemist, Washington.
[6]. Atimo T. (1986) The Cultural significance of food and the nutritional values of Nigeria Foods with reflect of trace elements nutritive. A seminar paper on Nigeria food culture University of Ibadan. Nov 1986

Abstract: Background: Osteoporosis Is A Major Global Public Health Problem And An Important Metabolic Bone Disease Associated With Significant Morbidity, Mortality, And Socioeconomic Burden. It Is Defined As A Skeletal Disorder Characterized By A Decrease In Bone Mass And Density, Leading To An Increased Risk Of Fragility Fractures. The Greatest Bone Loss Occurs In Women During Per-Menopause And Is Associated With Estrogen Insufficiency, A Condition Of Menopause.

[1]. Kanis JA. Johansson H. Johnell O. Oden A. Eisman JA. Pols H. and Tenenhouse A. (2005): Alcohol intake as a risk factor for fracture. Osteoporosis International. July; 16(7): 737-42.
[2]. Johnell, O., & Kanis, J. (2008): Epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporosis International, March; 16(2): 3-7.
[3]. Dennison, E., & Cooper, C. (2006): Epidemiology of osteoporosis. The National Institutes of Health; 32(4): 617- 29. [4]. Nadim A. Abdel Fattah I. and Rashed A. (2001): Screening for osteoporosis. Risk factors drawn from a women health service provision facility. Second Egyptian International Conference on osteoporosis prevention. Cairo, Egypt.
[5]. Sallam, H., Galal,AF. &Rashed ,A. (2006): Menopause in Egypt: Past and present perspectives. The Suzanne Mubarak Regional Center for Women's Health and Development, Egypt; 9 (6): 421-429.
[6]. Lin ,JT., & Lane, JM. (2004): Osteoporosis. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research. August; 126-34..

Abstract: The model study aims to improve the health of women's reproductive age by finding out the socio-economic factors, which contribute towards vasectomy decision making and associated experiences of married couples in two districts of Southern Punjab Pakistan. For quantitative part 140 vasectomize males were interviewed. The mean age of sample was 38.7 years, 93.6% respondents were satisfied with their decision and 92.9% had religious satisfaction on their choice of permanent contraception. In-depth interviews from couples for qualitative part revealed eight overarching reasons contributed towards vasectomy decision making and post vasectomy experiences depended on five factors i.e. attitude of service providers, post-operative recovery, sexual relationship, and effect on the health of husband and wife, and overall effect on family.

Keywords: Family Planning, Gender, Health Promotion, Responsiveness, Vasectomy

[1] John M. Pile, Vasectomy Advocacy Package: Safe, Cost-Effective, and Underutilized. Advocacy Brief No. 5. 2004
[2] Family Health International, Engender Health, ACQUIRE Project, Experts Consultation on Vasectomy. Meeting Report. Washington D.C. 2003
[3] John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Vasectomy: Reaching out to New Users. Population Reports. 2008
[4] B. Katherine, Vasectomy-The Phacts and Phallacies. Women Health. 2006
[5] Population Reference Bureau. 2008
[6] R.A. Jagannadha, A Holistic Approach to Population Control in India. Indian Institute of Science. Bangalore, India. 2001

Abstract: Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of self-learning package based on health belief model on cervical cancer prevention among female university students. Design: Experimental design was utilized. Sample: A purposive sample of 314 married female students out of (n=1463) and randomly divided into an intervention group (157) and control group (157). Setting: The study was carried out at 13 Faculties in Benha University. Tools: Data were collected through three main tools: A self-administered questionnaire to assess students' general characteristics and knowledge regarding cervical cancer prevention, health belief model, and questionnaire to assess intention to practice cervical cancer prevention behaviors.

[1]. World Health Organization (2011): Cancer fact sheet, available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs297/en/index.html
[2]. Ombech, E., Muigai, A., and Wanzala, P., (2012): Awareness of cervical cancer risk factors and practice of Pap smear testing among female primary school teachers in Kasarani division, Nairobi Kenya, African Journal of Health Sciences, 21(2): 121-132.
[3]. Urasa, M., and Darj, E., (2011): Knowledge of cervical cancer and screening practices of nurses at a regional hospital in Tanzania. African Health Sciences, 11: 48-57.
[4]. Schuiling, K., and Likis, F., (2011): Women's gynecologic health, 2nded., Jones and Bartlett, USA. p 708.
[5]. National Cancer Institute, (2011): available at: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/cervical.