iosr-JPBS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. - Apr. 2022

Abstract: Tobacco exposure is the main risk factor for the development of lung cancer, however, it is known that at least 10% and 20% of diagnosed men and women, respectively, are never-smokers. In these individuals, lung cancer has distinct genetic mechanisms compared to smokers and comprise, in most cases, driver mutations in tumor promoting genes capable of triggering carcinogenic activity. The main genes affected in this group of individuals are EGFR, ALK and ROS1. Currently, the main risk factor for the appearance of lung cancer in never-smokers is the exposure to radon gas, a radioactive gas present in atmospheric air, soils, vegetation, dwellings, and other buildings. The risk of radon is that when inhaled, it deposits directly on the lung tissue. This element and its decay products emit alpha particles that may cause severe DNA damage and eventually lung cancer through years of exposure. This systematic review aims to synthesize the knowledge about genetic mechanisms linked to lung cancer in never-smokers and to gather the most recent studies on the association of radon gas with this neoplasm.

Key words: lung cancer, radon gas, carcinogenesis, mutation.

Abstract: Background: Thalassaemia is a autosomal recessive hereditary chronic blood disorder that does not allow the body to produce enough haemoglobin and red blood cells.The primary management is blood transfusions which leads to complications . Our study aims to to evaluate the clinical presentations and complications, observe the prescribing pattern , disease, to understand and improve the knowledge of study participants. Materials and Methods: this is a prospective observational study, was conducted in the pediatrics department of tertiary care hospital(GGH-RIMS) in Kadapa, Andhra pradesh during the time period of 6 months, on 50 patients of both transfusion dependent and non-transfusion dependent thalassemia patients of all age groups involed in the study by taking informed consent form ..

Key words: Thalassemia major , deferasirox , deferiprone , blood transfusion..

Abstract: The pharmacological, haemopoietic and biochemical effect of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera on male albino wistar rats were investigated. A total of thirty (30) male wistar rats were used. They were grouped into 3 groups namely; the control group A (n=10) and Test groups B (n=10) and B2 (n=10). After inducing diabetes and anaemia in the test animals, they were fed with the Moringa extract for 28 days. Blood samples and urine samples collected from them were analyzed. Results showed that the extract of M. oleifera can influence insulin positively and thus reduce the blood sugar (FBS) level of test rats (Group B1) from 205 ±0.8mg/dl to 75±1.4mg/dl compared with their corresponding control.......

Key words: Haemopoiesis, diabetes, M. oleifera, biochemical extract.

Abstract: The Ipomoea quamoclit is known as konjolata, commonly called the cypress vine Convolvulaceae family. I. quamoclit leaves found several medicinal uses such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, etc. It is also traditionally used as an antidote to snake bites. Aerial parts of the plant are selected to evaluate the comparative phytochemical screening, antioxidant such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay, total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, total antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicity, and in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the nonpolar and polar solvent extracts. The aerial part of the plant was successively extracted with dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, methanol, and 95% ethanol........

Key words: Ipomoea quamoclit, phytochemicals, antioxidants, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory.

Abstract: Non-receptor c-Src Tyrosine kinases have attracted much attention in recent times in the design of new agents to treat proliferative diseases. 3D-QSAR studies on 2-substituted aminopyrido [2, 3-d] Pyrimidin7-yl- ureas as a novel class compound of this series displayed submictomolar to low nano molar potency against non-receptor c-Src classes. 3D-QSAR studies have been performed on a series of Pyrimidin derivatives by using the receptor surface analysis (RSA) method. The RSA analysis have been carried out on 42 analogues of which 37 were used in the training set and the rest five molecules were test sets. The study produced reasonably good predicted models with good cross-validated and conventional r2 values in both the models

Key words: cSrc tyrosine Kinases 3D- QASR studies, RSA, TKs,NRTKs.

Abstract: Background: When experiencing pain, pain relievers are always sought after, especially when suffering from persistent pain. Pain relievers that are often used are topical analgesics which are one of the agents used for pain treatment. Topical analgesics have the advantage of reducing pain by systemic absorption by targeting peripheral nerves and soft tissues, have few side effects, are easy to stop dose, and avoid first-pass metabolism. The ingredient that is often used to relieve pain is menthol which is used in various products. Menthol is also a commercial raw material that has been consistently used until now, especially in the pharmaceutical sector. In this review article, information about menthol as a pain reliever is discussed..

Key words:Formulation; Menthol; Pain Relief

Abstract: Background: Pegagan (Centella asiatica L) is also known as Gotu Kola. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb belongs to the order Apiales and the genus Centella L. (Integrated Taxonomic Information). Asiaticoside and madecassoside acid contained in pegagan function as epithelialization of the injured area. Pegagan contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and triterpenoids. This plant is also known to have low toxicity and can be digested in the body. Pegagan is often used for wound healing. Many studies and commercial products use pegagan as a wound healer. The purpose of this journal review is to provide information about various dosage forms of pegagan (Centella asiatica) as a wound-healing preparation by describing the benefits of pegagan, the active compound content, activities and preparations of pegagan in the pharmaceutical field as well as the determination of the active compound asiaticoside pegagan

Key words: Pain; Pegagan; Wound

Abstract: On IV. Congress of Yugoslav Neurosurgeons and Neurotraumatologists Skopje (Ohrid, May 22-26, 1973) and the Balkan Symposium on Traffic Injuries to the Head (Ohrid, May 22-26, 1973), I published my paper: Our Experiences in Preventing Brain Edema with Isotol (20% percent Mannitol), in which I pointed all the contraindications for its use, including intracerebral hemorrhage. Surprised by the use of Isotol in such cases half a century after these expert meetings of Yugoslav neurosurgeons and neuro-traumatologists, in many neurological and neurosurgical departments throughout Yugoslavia after its disintegration, and fifty years after these scientific meetings around the.....

Abstract: Moses in the cradle (Rhoeo discolor H.) is one of the two-colored (purple-green) plants containing alkaloids, flavonoids, and anthocyanin that have antioxidant activities. Paracetamol can cause liver necrosis because of the accumulation of free radicals in the body. It will trigger lipid peroxidation process distinguished by the increase of malondialdehyde level, the low activity of catalase enzyme, and the increase of SGPT enzyme level, the blood serum SGOT. This research aims to know the antioxidant effectiveness and activities of moses in the cradle ethanol extract over paracetamol-induced rats.
30 rats were divided into six groups, each group consists of five rats; Group I : as normal control, Group II : as negative control, Group III : as positive control....

Keywords: level of total flavonoid, total of tannin, ethanol extract, moses in the cradle (Rhoeo discolor H.), paracetamol induction, malondialdehyde, activity of catalase enzyme, SGPT, SGOT, Wistar rats.