iosr-JPBS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2014

Abstract: study were performed to estimation the concentrations of the hormones (T3, T4 and TSH) , thyroglobulin(Tg) and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPO) , and the concentration of HLA-DR alleles in patients with thyroid diseases in Babylon province .The study reveals that the T4 levels were significantly increased (p< 0.05) in hyperthyroidism patients compared with other groups and healthy subject , also there is a significant increased (p< 0.05) in TSH level in hypothyroidism group compared with other groups; furthermore , the concentration of TPO auto-antibody show highly significant elevation (p<0.05) in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism patients compared with other group and healthy individuals . Meantime , there is significant differences (p<0.05) in TG auto-antibody between hyperthyroidism patients and other groups ;while there were significantly increased (p<0.05) in frequency of HLA-DR alleles in all groups of patients compared with healthy subjects , furthermore , the results reveals increased ratio of disease in females compared with males , also the ratio of thyroiditis patients were higher in second age categories compared with first and third age categories .

Abstract: The calcium and magnesium concentrations in twenty samples comprising of leafy vegetables and seeds of legumes, gourds and fruits were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (model 210 VGP) at the wavelengths of 422.7nm and 285.2nm, respectively. Standard methods were used in preparing aliquots of the samples used for the analysis. The result for calcium showed that leafy vegetables; pumpkin and bitter leaf had the highest calcium concentrations of 3.38±0.012mg/g and 3.01±0.01mg/g, respectively while the fruit seeds; watermelon seeds and melon seeds had the lowest calcium concentrations of 0.03±0.00mg/g and 0.05±0.01mg/g respectively.

Abstract: Thirty –two (32) wistar rats were divided into four groups of eight. Group one was given 5ml/kgbw of normal saline and it served as the control, while groups two to four were given 100, 200 and 500 mg/kgbw of methanol extract Securidacalongepedunculata for twenty-eight (28) days. All the rats were maintained ad libitum on chick's mash and water. Sacrifices were done on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day for the haematology and the histological examination was after the 28th day.

Abstract: Genetic variability among three species of red sea fishes (Lethrinus borbonicus, Siganus rivulatus and Mulloidichthys flavolineatus) were determined to evaluate the effect of petroleum oil component pollutions on the fishes using Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrlamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) markers. According to ISSR analysis of DNA, nineteen (19) ISSR primers generated a total of 465 bands with an average 24.5 bands per primer.

Abstract: Considering the high cost of wheat straw in local market, three different combinations wheat and cotton straw were tested for their influence on yield and cost of production of Button Mushroom. Agaricus bisporous (lange) Sing. Compost was prepared by mixing 10%, 20% and 30% Cotton and wheat straw by long method of composting. 100% wheat straw was used as control. All the ingredients composted for 20 days single phase out door composting as advocate by Kapoor1. Fresh grain spawn was obtained from Bharat Mushrooms, Delhi. Formaldehyde treated casing soil (1:1 mixture of 2year old farm yard manure and garden soil) was used for casing of beds.

Abstract: Invitro antibacterial activity of ethnolic extract of leaves of Clerodendron infortunatum and whole herb of Scoporia dulcis were compared in the present study by agar-well diffusion method using two human pathogenic bacterial strains. The activity was measured by determining zone of exhibition. The zone of inhibition values were compared with the standard Gentamycin (20 mg/ml). Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeroginosa are the organisums used. The study conclude that etholics extract of Scoparia dulcis exhibited more antibacterial activity than ethnolic exctrat of Clerodendron infortunatum.

Keywords: Clerodendron infortunatum, Scoparia dulcis , Agar-well diffusion, Antibacterial activity.

Abstract: Several studies have shown that the role of cytokines closely linked with many human diseases. Recent studies have been discovered some relationship between interleukin -10 (IL-10) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).On the other hand, some studies have been showed a close correlation between ethnic factors and the physiological reasons for many human diseases included T2DM; therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of IL-10 G/A gene polymorphism at position 1082 among Iraqi patients, and its correlation with T2DM, through a study of sample consisted of 96 cases with T2DM and an equal number of healthy control subjects by using of allele refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique.

Abstract: A study had been conducted for antibacterial and cytotoxic activities against secondary metabolite of Artemisia saline resulted from the association between sponge Aaptos suberiptoides and bacteria. The experimental study was conducted by isolating sponge Aaptos suberitoides-associated bacteria, which were then extracted using n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanol as solvents. The bacteria were isolated with pour plate method and the resulting secondary metabolites were brought under antibacterial assay for their activities against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus,

Abstract: The total Aflatoxin load and phytochemicals in Cola nitida (kolanut) were quantified and qualified respectively. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-Colorimetric technique and standard qualitative procedure for phytochemical screening were applied. Prior to the quantification of total aflatoxins, samples were extracted using extraction mixture containing methanol and water in ratio 70:30 v/v, aflatoxin conjugate substrate solution, stop solution and aflatoxin standard were used to achieve the setout objectives of this work.

Abstract: Herbicidal potential of CFCF (Cell free culture filtrate) of Sclerotium rolfsii against Parthenium hysterophorus was determined by shoot cut, seedling and detached leaf bioassays. Maximum phytotoxicity was obtained from 14 day's old fermented broth with Sucrose + Tween 20 @0.5% as formulating agent. Significant reduction in chlorophyll and protein contents of host was also noticed.

Key Words: Herbicidal potential, Sclerotium rolfsii, Parthenium hysterophorus, Biorational Phytotoxicity, Formulation

Abstract: Biomarker approach is to improve screening, detection and the diagnosis of early-stage prostate cancers. Over diagnosis and false positives present significant clinical problems in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Therefore, there are unmet needs to more accurately identify early-stage cancers and distinguish lesions that are life threatening from those that are not. Sarcosine was used as a model analyte in this study due to its potential for serving as a prostate cancer metabolomic marker. The normal concentration of Sarcosine in the blood is below limit of detection and remains undetermined (Bellon, 1984). Therefore, bio-fluid urine was selected for the analysis purpose. Based on the literature, initially standardization of Sarcosine was carried out. Thereafter, prostate cancer patients' urine samples of various stages are analyzed in order to detect and analyze prevalence of biomarker with progression of the disease.
Keywords: Metabolomics, prostate cancer, Sarcosine, HPTLC.

Abstract: Helicobacter pylori colonize more than 50% of the world population and it is considered as one of the major causes of health problem in humans. A total of 643 fresh faecal samples were collected from dyspepsia patients in 11 hospitals within the densely populated area of south-east, Nigeria. The faecal samples were cultured on H. pylori selective medium, Columbia Blood Agar Base with supplement (Oxoid) and incubated at 37°C in a microaerophilic environment for 3-7 days following the standard procedures as recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Out of the 643 samples, 487 tested positive to H. pylori. Epidemiological factors such as overcrowding, use of untreated or faecal contaminated water, lack of basic hygiene with regards to the use of toilet, age, gender and level of education must have led to the high prevalence rate of the organism. Adequate hygiene is recommended for the control of the spread of the organism.
Keywords: Epidemiology, Helicobacter pylori, Dyspepsia patients.

Abstract: The present study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves on H. pylori. Disc diffusion method as described by Kirby-Bauer was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts which were compared with that of the standard antibiotics. The susceptibility profiles of H. pylori isolates were determined using standard antibiotics, aqueous and methanol extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves. Out of 487 positive isolates (75.73%), 350 (71.87%) were sensitive to Clarithromycin with 30mm mean zone of inhibition, 304 (62.42%) were sensitive to Tetracycline (27mm), 266 (54.62%) to Amoxicillin (28mm), 173 (35.52%) to Metronidazole (25mm), while all isolates were resistant to Ciprofloxacin. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of aqueous Moringa oleifera leave extracts ranged from 0.035μg/ml to 0.05μg/ml with MBC of 0.0425μg/ml while the MIC of methanol extract ranged from 0.0425μg/ml to 0.05μg/ml with MBC of 0.0425. These results clearly suggest that Moringa oleifera leaves act as potent growth inhibitor of H. pylori.
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Moringa oleifera, Helicobacter pylori.

Abstract: Consanguineous marriage has received a great deal of attention as a potential risk factor for many adverse health outcomes. More than a billion people in the world live in regions where 20%–50% of marriages are consanguineous. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency and types of consanguineous marriage in the region of Tanger-Tetouan in Northwest Morocco. Methods: A prospective study was conducted among a randomly selected sample of 160 university students in Tanger in 2014. All students were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Results: The frequency of consanguineous marriages among parents of students was 39,4%, with a mean inbreeding coefficient (up to second cousins) of 0,02033. The study revealed a highly significant difference in the rates of the consanguineous marriages between the current and previous generation p< 0,001. The most common types of consanguineous marriage among current generationwere first cousin marriage, which accounts for 76,2% of all consanguineous unions, followed by first cousin once removed (11,1%) and second cousin marriage (3,2%), while 9,5% of marriages were between distant relatives. Among the previous generation, more than half of consanguineous marriages were between first cousins, whereas more the 40 % of unions were of distant relatives. The distribution of the marriages between first cousins through the generations showed that the frequency of unions between parallel cousins was superior than that of the unions between crossed cousins. It was 60, 42 % against 39, 58 % respectively to the current generation. Among the parallel first cousins, the marriage with the daughter of brother of the father was the most answered that with the daughter of sister of mother to both studied generations. The rate was 68, 97 % against 31, 03 % to the generation of the parents, then, it was 85, 71 % against 14, 29 % and 83, 33 % against 5, 88% to the generation of the paternal and maternal parents, respectively. Conclusion: Consanguineous marriage plays an important role in expression of deleterious recessive genes. Public awareness of genetic risks associated with consanguineous marriage and the importance of premarital genetic counseling is indispensable.
Key Words: Consanguineous marriage Coefficient inbreeding Typesconsanguinity Morocco.