Abstract: Tin mining and associated tailings in Plateau State, Nigeria, have led to substantial environmental degradation and human health concerns. Tailings—comprised of both magnetic minerals (e.g., iron ore, columbite) and non-magnetic ones (e.g., cassiterite, monazite, zircon, silica)—often contain elevated levels of naturally occurring radionuclides (e.g., uranium, thorium) and toxic heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, mercury). While some tailings are repurposed as fertilizer or construction fill, the bulk remains untreated, posing Human......
Keywords: Tin mine tailings, toxic metals, radionuclides, human health risk assessment, USEPA, Nigeria
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