Volume-9 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2016

Abstract: The potential of almond seed shell (ASSP), for the removal of methyl violet (MV) dye from aqueous solution was investigated. The adsorbent was characterized by SEM and FTIR analysis. Batch adsorption studies were conducted and various parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and temperature were studied to observe their effects in the dye adsorption process. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of MV onto the adsorbent (ASSP) was found to be:.......
Keywords: Adsorption, Almond Seed Shell, Methyl Violet (MV) Dye, Isotherm, Kinetics.

[1]. C. Allegre, P. Mouline, M. Maisseu, F. Charbit, Treatment and reuse of reactive dyeing effluents, J. Memb. Science, 269, 2006, 15-
17.
[2]. C. Umpuch, B. Jutarat, Adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous solution by surfactant modified corn straw, Inter. J. Chem. Eng.
Applications, 4(3), 2013, 134 – 139.
[3]. T. Robinson, G. McMullan, R. Marchant, P. Nigam, Remediation of dyes in textile effluent: a critical review on current treatment
technologies with a propose alternative, J. Biores Tech. 77, 2001, 247-275.
[4]. A. Hashem, R. A. Akasha, A. Ghith, D.A. Hussein, Adsorbent based on agricultural wastes for heavy metal and dye removal: A
review, Energy Educ. Sci. Technol. 19, 2007, 69-86.
[5]. S. Chowdhury, R. Mishra, P. Saha, Adsorption thermodynamics, kinetics and isosteric heat of adsorption of malachite green onto
chemically modified rice husk, J. Desal. 2010, 07-047.

Abstract: The removal of Crystal Violet (CV) dye with the powder of picrilima nitida stem bark (PNSBP) has been demonstrated based on adsorption parameters like contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, and temperature. The adsorbent was characterized by FTIR and SEM analysis. Equilibrium amount of CV dye adsorbed per unit mass of PNSBP adsorbent, qe (mg/g), occurred after 60 min. contact time. The qe values increased with increasing initial CV dye concentration from 25 mg/L to 125 mg/L, and with pH increasing from 2 to 10.........
Keywords: Adsorption, Crystal Violet, isotherm, Kinetics, Picrilima Nitida

[1]. A. Adak, M. Bandyopadhyay and A. Pal, Removal of crystal violet dye from wastewater by surfactant-modified alumina, Sep.
Purif. Technol. 44(2), 2005, 139–144.
[2]. B.C.S. Ferreira, F.S. Teodoro, A.B. Mageste, L.F. Gil, R.P. Freitas and L.V.A. Gurgel, Application of a new carboxylatefunctionalized
sugarcane bagasse for adsorptive removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution: Kinetic, equilibrium and
thermodynamic studies, Industrial Crops and Products, 65, 2015, 521–534.
[3]. L.F. Gil, R.P. Freitas and L.V.A. Gurgel, Application of a new carboxylate-functionalized sugarcane bagasse for adsorptive removal
of crystal violet from aqueous solution: Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies, Industrial Crops and Products, 65, 2015,
521–534.
[4]. D.L. Nunes, A.S. Franca, and L.S. Oliveira, Use of raphanus sativus L. press cake, a solid residue from biodiesel processing, in the
production of adsorbents by microwave activation, Environ. Technol. 32, 2011, 1073–1083.
[5]. M. Shanthi, V. Kuzhalosai, Photocatalytic degradation of an azo dye, Acid Red 27, in aqueous solution using nano ZnO, Indian
Journal of Chemistry, 51A, 2011, 428-434.

Abstract: In this paper, analytical numerical simulation of the 2-D heat equation with derivative boundary conditions has been presented. The algorithm for the numerical simulation for this equation is based on modified decomposition method. The numerical method has been applied to solve a practical examples and it's results have been compared with exact solution.........
Keywords: Modified decomposition method, 2-D Heat equation, Derivative boundary conditions

[1]. Adomian, G. (1986), Nonlinear Stochastic Operator Equations, Academic Press, London.
[2]. Adomian, G. (1994), Solving Frontier Problems of Physics: The Decomposition Method, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
[3]. A. M. Wazwaz (1998), A comparison between Adomian decomposition method and Taylor series method in the series solution, Appl. Math. Compt. 97, 37-44.
[4]. A. M. Wazwaz, A reliable modification of Adomian decomposition method, Appl. Math. Comput., 102 (1999) 77-86.
[5]. A. M.Wazwaz, A new algorithm for solving differential equations of Lane-Emden type, Appl. Math. Comput., 118 (2001) 287-310.

Abstract: Biological synthesis of nanoparticles from medicinal plant is gaining importance due to its eco-friendliness. The synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a broad research area due to the potential applications for the development of different novel technologies. In our research work, we have described a cost effective and eco-friendly technique for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and evaluated their Antibacterial activity. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles were carried out by using Crateva religiosa plant bark extract as reducing agent as well as capping agent..........
Keywords: Biogenic synthesis,Crateva religiosa bark extract as a reducing agent, AgNO3 salt, Nanoparticles, Antibacterial activity.

[1] K. Paulkumar, G. Gnanajobitha, M. Vanaja, Piper nigrum leaf and stem assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and evaluation of its antibacterial activity against agricultural plant pathogens, The Scientific World Journal, Article ID 829894,2014, 9.
[2] M. Valodkar, P. S. Nagar, R. N. Jadeja, M. C. Thounaojam, R. V. Devkar, and S.Thakore,Euphorbiaceae latex induced green synthesis of non-cytotoxic metallic nanoparticle solutions: a rational approach to antimicrobial applications, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 384 (1–3),2011, 337–344.
[3] J. L. Elechiguerra, J. L. Burt, J. R. Morones, Interaction of silver nanoparticles with HIV-1,Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 3, 2005, article 6.
[4] X. Zhao, L. R. Hilliard, S. J. Mechery, A rapid bioassay for single bacterial cell quantitation using bioconjugated nanoparticles,Proceedingsof the National Academy of Sciences of the United States ofAmerica, 101 (42), 2004, 15027–15032.
[5] D. Bhattacharya, R.K. Gupta, Nanotechnology and potential of microorganisms, Crit Rev Biotechnol, 25,2005, 199–204.

Abstract: Reinterpretation of the geochemical data of the published paper became necessary because abnormal variations of source parameters required scientific justifications. Abnormal variations are seen particularly in rock-eval data. Tmax decreasing with depth, S1 is measured although rock is immature, HI varies from 239 -502 in Barail subsurface samples and 91 – 353 in Eocene samples suggesting abnormal variations of organic facies. Reinterpretation of the results suggests the abnormal variations of the above mentioned parameters are due to the variations..........
Keywords: Upper Assam Oil, Science of Tmax, S1, PI, HI, Oil-Oil correlation

[1]. S.V.Raju & N.Mathur (1995) Petroleum Geochemistry of a part of Upper Assam Basin, India: a brief overview, Organic Geochemistry, v 23(1), pp 55-70.
[2]. Kaufman, R. L., A.S.Ahmed, and R.L. ElSinger (1990), Gas Chromatography as a development and production tool for fingerprinting oils fron individual reservoirs: Application in the Gulf of Mexico, In D. Schumacher and B.F Perkins (eds), Gulf coast oil & gases: Their characteristics, Origin, distribution, and exploration and production significance. Proceedings of the 9th annual research conference GCSSEPM, October, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Foundation, pp. 263 – 282.
[3]. Hunt John Meacham (1996) Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology (2nd ed.) published by W.H. Freeman and Company, U.S. pp.491.
[4]. Tarafa, M. E., J.M.Hunt, I. Ericsson, 1983, Effect of hydrocarbon volatility and adsorption on dource rock pyrolysis, J. Geochem Explor., 18, pp.75-85.

Abstract: The oxidation reaction of Glutathione reduced (GSH) and L-cysteine (L-cyst) has been studied spectrophotometrically over the range 4.6  103 [substrate]  13.8 (when substrate = GSH or L-cysteine), 0.03  [H+]T  0.11, I=0.3 mol dm-3 (NaClO4) and 293K  T  313K. The rate of the reaction has been found to increase with the increase in [Substrate]T and [H+]T. The reaction follows first order kinetics in [Substrate]Tand [Pipcc]T. The reaction follows second order kinetics with respect to [H+]T. The reaction proceeds in two paths k1 and k2where k1 is acid independent path and k2 is acid dependent path,both k1 and k2 were found to increase
with the increase in temperature...........
Keywords: GSH, L-cysteine, spectrophotometry, kinetics, product, analysis, cystine and GSSG., activation parameters.

[1]. EJ. Corey, J.W. Suggs, Tetrahedron Lett, 2647(1975).

[2]. F.S. Guzice Jr., F.A. Luzio, Org. Chem., 47, (1982), 1787, M. Tajbakhsh, R. Hosseinzadeh, M.Y. Niaki, J. Chem. Res (s), 508(2002).

[3]. K. Balasubramanian, V. Prathiba, Indian J. Chem., 25B, (2002)326; V.Murugesen, A. Pandurangan, Indian J. Chem., 31B5 (1992) 377; G.A. Rajkumar; B. Arabindoo, V. Murugesen, Synth.Commun.,29, 2105(1999).

[4]. S. Agrawal, H.P. Tiwari, J.P. Sharma, Tetrahedron, 46,1963(1990).

[5]. Pvamaiah, P.K. Dubey. J. Renianathan, C. Ravikumar, J.S. Grosser!, Indian J. Chem., 426,1765(2003).

Abstract: Sri Lanka is the world's fourth-largest producer of tea and it is one of the main sources of foreign exchange for the country. Through the process of tea manufacturing, huge amount of firewood ash and tea residues are produced as by-products. Although these wastes are not favorable for crops, most factories apply these wastes mainly to the cultivation. Therefore the aim of this study was to find out a sustainable solution for largely produced wastes by producing high quality organic fertilizer. First compost was made using daily kitchen waste of the factory, Gliricidia maculate leaves, tea residues and black soil..........
Keywords: Compost, Organic fertilizer, Gliricidia maculate leaves, Firewood ash

[5]. Meiwes, K., Application of lime and wood ash to decrease acidification of forest soils. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 1995. 85(1): p. 143-152.
[6] Serafimova, E., et al., Study on the characteristics of waste wood ash. Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 2011. 46(1): p. 31-34.
[7] Demeyer, A., J.V. Nkana, and M. Verloo, Characteristics of wood ash and influence on soil properties and nutrient uptake: an overview. Bioresource technology, 2001. 77(3): p. 287-295.
[8] Liang, C., K. Das, and R. McClendon, The influence of temperature and moisture contents regimes on the aerobic microbial activity of a biosolids composting blend. Bioresource technology, 2003. 86(2): p. 131-137.
[9] Huang, Y., et al., Nitrous oxide emissions as influenced by amendment of plant residues with different C: N ratios. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2004. 36(6): p. 973-981..

Abstract: Transport phenomenon across membranes are very important as they work as guiding principles for drug permeation studies across biological membranes. Classical thermodynamics is confined to the systems of equilibrium i.e. to reversible processes only and cannot be applied to the irreversible systems where variables defining the systems are changing with time and situation. The utility of irreversible thermodynamics lies in the evaluation of entropy production by use of the equation for conservation of mass energy and Gibb'sequation........
Keywords: Transport, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, Gibb's free energy, entropy, enthalpy .

[1]. O.Brien, "Molecular anatomy of membranes" F.E.B.S. symposium, 20( 33) 1970.
[2]. N. Lakshminarayanaiah, Chem. Rev., 2(203), 1970
[3]. N. Lakshminarayanaiah, "Transport through Membranes" ,Academic press,New York,( 2), 1969.
[4]. H.T.Tien, "Bilayer Lipid Membranes, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York,(4), 1974
[5]. K.Sollner, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci, l 57 (177) 1953.

Abstract: Gluten was extracted from wheat flour followed by chemical modification of groups such as the free ε-amino group of lysine in proteins with acid anhydrides such as, maleic anhydride (2), Diacetyl-d-tartaric anhydride (3), 7-oxa bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-5-ene- cis -2, 3- dicarboxylic anhydride (4), 9, 10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-α, β-succinic anhydride (5) and Triphenylphosphoranylidenesuccinic Anhydride (6). Attachment of such side groups will alter repulsive or attractive forces among polypeptides to cause certain structural rearrangement, which in turn may cause changes in functional properties of modified gluten. Also different properties were determined comparing with original gluten........
Keywords: Ggluten, anhydride, ε-amino group

[1]. Kalin, N. F., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 56, 477-479, 1979.
[2]. Dua, S. and Mahajan, A., J. Agric. Food Chem. 44, 706–710,1996.
[3]. Kinsella, J.E., and Shetty, K.J., Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. 92, 37-63,1979.
[4]. Feeney, R. E., and Whitaker, J.R. chemical and Enzymatic modification of plant protein , New Protein Foods.,181-200,
Academic & Publishers Inc.,New York, 1985.
[5]. Dixon, H.B. F., Perham, R.N., Biochem. J. 109, 312, 1968.

Abstract: Information on the physical and chemical characteristics of Commiphora abyssinica gum resin is scanty. The aim of this work was to establish the composition and physicochemical properties of above mentioned gum resin and on that basis propose its standard specifications for commercial use. Samples from three sites in Kajiado in Kenya were characterized in terms of parameters commonly used in the evaluation of the quality of crude oleogumresins and their products. There was no substantial variability with collection location observed on most physical properties including pH, density, refractive index, viscosity and optical rotation...........
Keywords: Commiphora abyssinica; ethanol extract; essential oil; gum resin; myrrh; standard specifications.

[1]. F.M. Mwendwa, Surfactant properties of Commiphora schimperi gum resin, Project report, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, 2007.
[2]. K. A. D. Swift, Advances in flavours and fragrances: From the sensation to the synthesis, Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002.
[3]. Food and Agriculture Organization, Food and Nutrition paper, 49, 1990, 23-25.
[4]. Benkeblia, N. Sustainable Agriculture and New Biotechnology (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2011).

[5]. M.M.H. Siddiqui, S.H. Afaq, M. M. Asif, Chemical standardization of 'Kundur' (Oleo-gum-resin of Boswellia serrata Roxb), Ancient Science of Life, 4(1), 1984, 48-50.

Abstract: Five different brands of Lubricating oils were used in five different vehicles viz: Toyota Carina II, Toyota 1992 (First lady), Golf 1990 Model, Honda 1996 Model and Mercedes Benz 190 Model respectively. The Ash method was adopted for digestion of samples followed by dissolution of samples with 5cm3 of 0.1M HCl acid, the digested samples was subjected to Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. A selected wear metal concentrations determined for fresh lubricating oil, has a mean value between 0.36 to 5.86 for Al, 0.46 to 7.87 for Cr, 0.256 to 0.913 for Cd, 1.337 to 4.033 for Cu, 4.04 to 31 for Pb, 0.75 to 3.2 for Fe and 0...........
Keywords: Lubricating oils, wear metals, multigrade

[1]. Barbooti, M.M. Zaki, N.S,. Baha–Udolin(1990) Use of silica gel in the preparation of used lubricating oil samples for the determination of wear metals by flame AAS, Analyst 115 Pp 1059–1061
[2]. Behnam Rahimi, Abolfazl Semnani, Alireza Nezamzade Ejhieh, Hamid Shakoori Langeroodi and Massoud Hakim Davood (2012) Global Journal of Science Frontier research ChemistryVolume 12 (2) Type : Double Blind Peer Reviewed International research Journal Publisher:Global Journals Inc. (USA)
[3]. Bercowitz, N (1979) an introduction to coal technology, Academics press inc NY p3-100
[4]. Cassap M (2008) the analysis of used lubrication oil by inductively couple plasma spectrometry predictive maintenance. Spectroscopic Europe 20 (1) 17-20
[5]. David Halligos (2012) Analysis of Wear Metals and Additive Package Elements in New and used Oil Using the Optima 8300 ICP-OES with Flat Plate Plasma Technology perkinElmer, Inc.940 Winter Street Waltham, MA 02451 USA

Abstract: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells offer exceptional potential for a clean, efficient, and reliable power source. The bipolar plate (BP) is a key component in this device, as it connects each cell electrically, supplies reactant gases to both anode and cathode, and removes reaction products from the cell. BPs has primarily been fabricated from high-density graphite, but in recent years, much attention has been paid to develop the cost-effective and feasible alternative materials. Recently, two different classes of materials have been attracted attention: metals and composite materials..........
Keywords: Metallic Bi-polar plate and Composite Bipolar plate. Different Platings of Precious and Non-Precious on Metals to use it as Bi-Polar Plates Proton exchange membrane Fuel Cells

[1]. J. Marcinkoski, J.P. Kopasz, T.G. Benjamin, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33 (14) (2008) 3894-3902.
[2]. T. Fukutsuka, et al., J. Power Sources 174 (1) (2007) 199-205.
[3]. K. Feng, et al., Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 35 (2) (2010) 690-700.
[4]. M. Miller, A. Bazylak, J. Power Sources 196 (2) (2011) 601-613.
[5]. Y. Hung, Performance evaluation and characterization of metallic bipolar plates in a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell, in: Materials Science and Engineering 2010, Stony Brook University.

Abstract: Temperature dependence of luminescence of alkaline earth metal thiocyanantes doped with Eu2+ is measured in this work. In the early part of this research Ca(SCN)2۰2H2O was doped with Eu2+ and the emission measured at 80K. The emission of Ca(SCN)2۰2H2O: Eu2+ are influenced by many factors, such as the crystal field, polarity, second coordination sphere, temperature, etc all these factors influence the energy of the f-d states, that is why this study seek to focus on the effect of temperature. To investigate the temperature effect, the emission spectra were measured at different temperatures from 80K to 240K using Fluorolg-3 (FL3-22) spectrofluorometer from Jobin Yvon. The measured spectra showed that there is an inverse linear relation between temperature and intensity of the emission.
Keywords: Luminescence, Thiocyanates, Emission, Temperature, alkaline earth metals

[1] Danja Bertha Abdu IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC)-ISSN: 2278-5736. Volume 3, Issue 5 (Jan. – Feb. 2013), PP
55-61
[2] Michel, Fleck; Acta crystallographica Section C 60, I63 – I65, (2004).
[3] Wickleder, C; Z. für Anorg. und Allg. Chemie 627, 1693 – 1698, (2001).
[4] Wickleder .C; Larsen P; Z. für Naturforchung, B.Chem. Sc 57 (12), 1419-1426, (2002).

Abstract: Cymbopogon, better known as lemongrass, is a genus of Asian, African, Australian, and tropical island plants in the grass family. Some species (particularly Cymbopogon citratus) are commonly cultivated as culinary and medicinal herbs because of their scent, resembling that of lemons (Citrus limon). Lemongrass oil is used as a pesticide and a preservative. Research shows that lemongrass oil has antifungal properties. Despite its ability to repel some insects, such as mosquitoes, its oil is commonly used as a "lure" to attract honey bees. Because of this, lemongrass oil can be used as a lure when trapping swarms or attempting to draw the attention of hived bees." Looking at the importance of essential oil extracted from lemon grass present study was undertaken to study variation in physicochemical........

Keywords- Lemon grass, Physico chemical Property, GCMS, Hydrodistillation

[1]. Akhila, A. (2010). Essential Oil Bearing Plants. The genus Cymbopogon. Edited by: Anand Akhila. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.
[2]. Shah, G., Shri, R., Panchal, V., Sharma, N., Singh, B., Mann, A .S.( 2011 ) Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Cymbopogon citratus, stapf (Lemongrass). J. Adv Pharm Technol. Res. 2 (1): 3-8.
[3]. Inouye, S., Takizawa, T., Yamaguchi ,H. (2001) . Antibacterial activity of essential oils and their major constituents against respiratory tract pathogens by gaseous contact. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 47:565-573.
[4]. Inouye, S., Uchida, K., Nishiyama, Y., Hasumi, Y., Yamaguchi, H.,Abe,S. (2007).Combined effect of heat, essential oils and salt on the Fungicidal Activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes in Foot bath. Jpn. J. Med. Mycol. 8: 27-36,
[5]. Minami, M., Kita. M., Nakaya, T., Yamamoto, T., Kuriyama, H,. Imanishi, J.(2003). The Inhibitory Effect of Essential Oils on Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Replication In Vitro. Microbiol. Immunol.47(9): 681-684,