IOSR-JAP   Volume-11 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2019

ABSTRACT: Nanocomposite material which contains inorganic nanolayer clay and organic polymer has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Particularly, intercalation of organic polymer into inorganic layered host lattice has approved to be an effective way to construct inorganic–organic nanosystem. A layer silicate of composition   2 2 5 4 Al Si O OH , from Aldrich Company (Germany) with a diameter of 5 –10m is reported. Kaolinite treated by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as an aqueous system to expand the interlayer basal spacing. The basal spacing............

[1]. Komori, Yoshihiko, Yoshiyuki Sugahara, and Kazuyuki Kuroda. "Intercalation of alkylamines and water into kaolinite with methanol kaolinite as an intermediate." Applied Clay Science 15.1-2 (1999): 241-252.
[2]. GIMENEZ, Enrique, et al. "Development of EVOH-kaolinite nanocomposites for high barrier packaging applications." ANTEC... conference proceedings. Vol. 2. Society of Plastics Engineers, 2004.
[3]. Adebowale, Kayode O., Iyayi E. Unuabonah, and Bamidele I. Olu-Owolabi. "The effect of some operating variables on the adsorption of lead and cadmium ions on kaolinite clay." Journal of Hazardous Materials 134.1-3 (2006): 130-139.
[4]. Wang, Yin-Lin, et al. "Characterization, fluoride release and recharge properties of polymer–kaolinite nanocomposite resins." Composites science and technology 67.15-16 (2007): 3409-3416.
[5]. Li, Yanfeng, Bo Zhang, and Xiaobing Pan. "Preparation and characterization of PMMA–kaolinite intercalation composites." Composites Science and Technology 68.9 (2008): 1954-1961.

ABSTRACT: Einstein realized that Time, Length and Mass could be different when observed at different reference points. However, Einstein's theories including Light Speed, Special Relativity and Velocity Time Dilation, Relativistic Mass and Length, General Relativity, Spacetime, Field Equations and Mass and Energy Conservation are all wrong based on two false assumptions: (a) Light speed is always constant no matter the light source and observer, and (b) Acceleration is the principle factor of the universe. According to Yangton and Yington Theory, Wu's Pairs are the building blocks of all matter........

Keywords – Light Speed, Special Relativity, Velocity Time Dilation, Relativistic Mass, Relativistic Length, General Relativity, Field Equation, Einstein's Field Equation, Spacetime, Mass and Energy Conservation, Yangton and Yington, Wu's Pairs, Wu's Spacetime, Wu's Spacetime Theory, Wu's Spacetime Field Equations

[1]. Edward T. H. Wu, "Yangton and Yington–A Hypothetical Theory of Everything", Science Journal of Physics, Volume 2015, Article ID sjp-242, 6 Pages, 2015, doi: 10.7237/sjp/242.
[2]. Einstein A. (1916), Relativity: The Special and General Theory (Translation 1920), New York: H. Holt and Company.
[3]. Einstein, Albert (1920). "On the Idea of Time in Physics". Relativity: The Special and General Theory. Henri Holt. ISBN 1-58734-092-5. And also in sections 9–12.
[4]. Roche, J (2005). "What is mass?" (PDF). European Journal of Physics. 26 (2):225. Bibcode:2005EJPh...26..225R. doi:10.1088/0143-0807/26/2/002.
[5]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity..

ABSTRACT: Bioactive glasses were prepared using a progressed melting cooling technology and are characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. Techniques includex-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-VIS. Amorphous nature of prepared glasses was insured using XRD. BO3 and BO4structuralgroups' formation upon the addition of silver oxide is measured inside the glass samples using FTIR. Spectral absorption of UV–Visdemonstrated thatthe optical gap increases with increasing Ag2Oconcentration. The calculated molar volume of the glasswas found to increase Ag2Oaddition to the glass matrix the calculated value of the molar size because it increases the open structure. There is a good agreement between data obtained from molar volume, infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transform and UV-VIS absorption spectra...........

Keywords – Silver borate glasses; UV-VIS absorption spectra; Density; Molar Volume; FTIR Spectroscopy and bandgap Energy.

[1]. Ardelean I, Cora S, Ioncu V. Structural investigation of CuO-Bi2O3-B2O3 glasses by FT-IR, Raman and UV-VIS spectroscopies. Journal of optoelectronics and advanced materials. 2006;8(5):1843-7.
[2]. Gressler CA, Shelby JE. Properties and structure of PbO‐PbF2‐B2O3 glasses. Journal of Applied Physics. 1989;66(3):1127-31.
[3]. Paul A. Chemistry of glasses: Springer Science & Business Media; 1989.
[4]. Shelby JE. Introduction to glass science and technology: Royal Society of Chemistry; 2007.
[5]. Varshneya AK. Fundamentals of inorganic glasses: Elsevier; 2013.

ABSTRACT: Mean monthly , seasonally and annually values of Diffuse Solar Radiation (Hd) were found in four meteorological stations (Mosul , Baghdad , Ratba , Nasiriyah) well distributed in IRAQ using four common mathematical Models ( Page , Iqbal , liu-Jordan,Abdul-Salam) for the time series (1980-2010). The maximum mean monthly values of diffuse solar radiation for all stations were obtained in summer months where its values ranged between (5.99-9.56 MJ/m2.d), while the minimum values was obtained in December and January where its Values ranged between (2.92 – 4.96 MJ/m2.d) . Linear Regression Equations were found between the mean monthly values of clearness Index (KT) and the mean monthly values of (Kd) in four stations . A high correlation coefficient (R) were obtained for these regression models where its values ranged between (0.92-0.99).......

Keywords – clearness Index , Diffuse Solar radiation , Total Solar Radiation , Time Series , R2.

[1]. D. O. Akpootu and W. Mustapha, (2015) Estimation of Diffuse Solar Radiation for Yola,Adamawa State,North-Eastern,Nigeria.IRJET Journal Volume:02 Issue 8.
[2]. S . Unday Dlayinka ,( 2011), Estimation of global and diffuse solar radiations for selected cities in Nigeria ,
[3]. S.Z. I lyas, Sh .M. Nasir, and Sdik Kakac,( 2007)."Estimation and Comparison of Diffuse Solar Radiation Over Pakistan", International Scientific Journal for Alternative Energy and Ecology, ISAOC No.3, (47)
[4]. Iqbal, M., (1983): An Introduction to Solar Radiation, first ed . Academic Press, New York.
[5]. S. Z. Ilyas, M. Anwar, S. M. Nasir.( 2000). Comulative frequency distribution of solar insolation at Quetta, Pakistan ,Renewable Energy 20/1. P. 83–86.

ABSTRACT: We investigate the local structure of nanoparticlesbased on a manganese-zinc ferrite. Results of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)analyze by Rietveld Refinement and X-ray Pair Diffraction Function (PDF)measurements are crossed with those of magnetization curves and Near Structure X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XANES) to study the valence state of Mn ions and thecation distribution at interstitial sites of nanoparticlestructure. Linear combination fitting of XANES dataclearly indicates the existence of mixed valence states of Mncations. Thus, it induces nonequilibrium cation distributions in the nanoparticlewith the presence of a large amount of Mn cations at octahedral sites.The results of Rietveld, PDF and magnetism are in good agreement and also show an octahedral distortion..

Keywords – Pair Distribution Function; Rietveld;Mixed Ferrite Mn-Zn.

[1]. V Pilati, R Cabreira Gomes, GS Gomide, P Coppola, FG Silva, FLO Paula, R Perzynski, GF Goya, R Aquino, J Depeyrot, "Core/shell Nanoparticles of Non-Stoichiometric Zn-Mn and Zn-Co Ferrites as Thermosensitive Heat Sources for Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia", Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 122, 2018, 3028.
[2]. QA Pankhurst, NTK Thanh, SK Jones, J Dobson, "Progress in applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine", Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 22, 42, 2009, 224001.
[3]. S El-Badry, "Influence of Processing Parameters on the Magnetic Properties of Mn-Zn Ferrites",Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 10, 5, 2011, 397-407.
[4]. E Auzans, D Zins, E Blums and R Massart, "Synthesis and properties of Mn-Zn ferrite ferrofluids", Journal of Materials Science, 34, 1999, 1253.
[5]. FA Tourinho, R Franck, R Massart, "Aqueous ferrofluids based on manganese and cobalt ferrites", Journal Materials Science, 25, 1990, 3249..

ABSTRACT: At frequencies above 10 GHz, a major impediment in the use of various telecommunication applications and platforms is attenuation of electromagnetic waves by rain, especially in tropical regions. In order to combat signal attenuation, systems engineers and designers use the rain attenuation model for the regiontodevelop fade mitigation techniques.This paper presents the modelling of rain attenuation in Jos(9.8960N, 8.8580E, 1,192 m)a semi temperate regionof Nigeria. Signal performance was measured along a DTH (Ku-band) satellite link with its antenna look-up angle of 56.5o, and analysedfor the months of April through October 2014. The models derivedhave very high correlationpercentages above 80%between the rain rate and rain-induced attenuation for all...........

Keywords – Modelling, rain-induced attenuation, Ku-band, Telecommunication planning

[1]. Afahakan, I. E., Udofia, k. M, and Umoren, M. A, (2016). Analysis of rain rate and rainattenuation for earth-space. Nigerian Journal of Technology, vol. 35
[2]. Ajayi, G. O., and Ofoche, E.B.C., (1983). "Some Tropical rainfall rate characteristics at Ile Ife for Microwave and millimetre Wave Application," J. of Climate and Applied. Meteor,Vol. 23, pp. 562-567.
[3]. Bryant, G. H., Adimula, I., Riva, C., and Brussaard, G., (2001),Rain attenuation statistics from rain cell diameters and heights. International journal of satellite Communications, 19(3), 263-283.
[4]. Chakravarty K, Maitra A., (2009). Rain Attenuation Studies Over an Earth-Space Path at a Tropical Location. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 72: 135.
[5]. Cheon-in, et al., (2006) Analysis of the Rain Fading Channel and the System Applying MIMO;EEE Journal (ISCIT 2006I): 507..

ABSTRACT: Thin films of cadmium doped zinc oxide (Cd : ZnO) with different cadmium concentrations have been prepared by spray pyrolysis method on glass substrates at 400 °C using zinc acetate and cadmium chloride as precursors for Zn and Cd ions, respectively. The deposition parameters have been optimized to obtain smooth and good quality films. Structural, optical and electrical properties of these films have been studied for photovoltaic applications. Effect of Cd doping concentration on various properties was studied. Visible spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis......

Keywords – ZnO,Cd concentration, Spray pyrolysis, Thin films.

[1]. F. Boudjouan, A. Chelouche, T. Touam, D. Djouadi, S. Khodja, M. Tazerout,Y. Ouerdane, Z. Hadjoub, Effects of stabilizer ratio on photoluminescenceproperties of sol–gel ZnO nano-structured thinfilms, J. Lumin. 158 (2015)32–37.
[2]. S. Khodja, T. Touam, A. Chelouche, F. Boudjouan, D. Djouadi, Z. Hadjoub, A Fischer, A. Boudrioua, Effects of stabilizer ratio on structural, morphological,optical and waveguide properties of ZnO nano-structured thinfilms by a sol–gel process, Superlattices Microstruct. 75 (2014) 485–495.
[3]. M. Tazerout, A. Chelouche, T. Touam, D. Djouadi, F. Boudjouan, S. Khodja,S. Ouhenia, A. Fischer, A. Boudrioua, Effects of sol concentration on structural,morphological and optical waveguiding properties of sol–gel ZnO nanos-tructured thinfilms, Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 67 (2014) 10502-1–10502-7.
[4]. J. Zhou, X.L. He, W.B. Wang, Q. Zhu, W.P. Xuan, H. Jin, S.R. Dong, D.M. Wang, J.K. Luo, Transparent surface acoustic wave devices on ZnO/glass using Al-doped ZnO as the electrode, Electron Device Lett. 34 (2013) 1319–1321.
[5]. R. Serhane, S. Abdelli-Messaci, S. Lafane, H. Khales, W. Aouimeur, A. Hassein-Bey, T. Boutkedjirt, Pulsed laser deposition of piezoelectric ZnO thinfilms forbulk acoustic wave devices, Appl. Surf. Sci. 288 (2014) 572–578.

ABSTRACT: The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (238U,226Ra , 235U,232Th and 40K) were measured byusing gamma spectrometry in phosphate rock samples collected from phosphate mines located in El-Sibaiya,Nile Valley , Egypt . The average activity concentration of238U ,226Ra , 235U,232Th and 40K (Bq/kg) inphosphate rock were 462.8, 548.08 , 21.46, 13.22 and 147.98respectively .The radiological hazards tothe occupational workers caused byγ- radiation havebeen determined. Also thisstudy aims to examine the mobility of uranium andits isotopes and daughters during the acid leaching . To study radionuclides transfer from solid material ( ore) to the liquid phase (leachate ) , three samplesare prepared for leaching with two different acids .Natural radionuclides were measured by......

Keywords – Phosphaterock , Natural radioactivity , leaching , hazard index.

[1]. International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA).Extent of Environmental Contamination by Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) and Tech- nological Options for Mitigation 2003, Technical:208
[2]. HARB S , AHMED N , BADAWY W and SAADN .,(2016):"Estimation of radioecological parameters of soil samples from a phosphtic area "Nu clear Technology& Radiation Protection: , Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 165-172
[3]. White, G. J., Rood, A. S., Radon Emanation from NORM-Contaminated Pipe Scale and Soil at Petro -leum Industry Sites, J. Environ. Radioact., 54 (2001),3, pp. 401-413
[4]. [4] Issa Shams A. M. • Mostafa A. M. A. • LotfyAbd El-Salam M.., (2015) "Radiological impacts of natural radioactivity in phosphate rocks from El- Sibaiya and Red Sea coast mines, Egypt " J RadioanalNuclChem 303:53–61
[5]. I.E. El Aassy, M.M. El Galy, A.A. Nada, M.G. El- Feky, Th.M. Abd El Maksoud, Sh.M. Talaat, and E.M. Ibrahim, "Effect of alteration processes on the distribution of radionuclides in uraniferous sedimentary rocks and their environmental impact, southwestern Sinai, Egypt," Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, vol. 289, pp. 173–184, 2011.

ABSTRACT: Fluorine doped tin oxide thin films were successfully deposited onto well cleared glass substrate at different deposition parameters. The XRD patterns of the films showed that the deposited films are polycrystalline in nature having the characteristic peaks of tetragonal structure of SnO2.The peaks observed are (110), (101), (200), (211) and the preferential growth along the (110) direction. The current/voltage plots of the material deposited with 10conc.-30conc., which represent sample FT7-FT9 shown a linear plot. It was observed to be Ohmic material. It was also notice that as the dopant concentration of the depositing material increases the thickness of the films increases. The resistivity of the material deposited increases as the dopant concentration and thickness of the films.......

Keywords – Spray Pyrolysis, Fluorine, Tin Oxide, XRD and Optical Properties.

[1]. Shanthi S., Subramanian C., and Ramasamy P. (1999). Growth and characterization of antimony doped tin oxide thin films. Journal
of Crystal Growth 197, 858-864.
[2]. Ikhioya I. Lucky. Optical and electrical propertiesof copper telluride thin films. InternationalJournal of Research in Chemistry and
Environment. 2015;5(3):28-32
[3]. Ikhioya I. Lucky, Ehika, Simon, Ijabor B.Okeoghene. Influence of deposition potential on lead sulphide (PbS) thin filmusing
electrodeposition technique. AsianJournal of Chemical Sciences. 2018;3(4):1-8. DOI: 10.9734/AJOCS/2017/40415

[4]. Ehika S, Ikhioya I.Lucky. Effects of solutionconcentration of the optical and electricalproperties of lead sulphide (PbS)semiconductor thin films deposited byelectrodeposition technique. NigerianAnnals of Natural Sciences. 2017;16(1):066–075.
[5]. Ehika S, Ikhioya I. Lucky. Electrodeposition and characterization on the electrical and optical properties of lead sulphide (PbS) thin films semiconductor. NigerianAnnals of Natural Sciences. 2017;16(1):057–065

ABSTRACT: This study concerns to study relationship between fetal growth rate and presence of maternal liver steatosis in nondiabetic pregnant patients, were the study performed on female pregnant mothers, Sudanese nationality between 18-45 years old, with high body mass index and at least stage one of liver steatosis. In main three hospitals in period from 2016 to 2018. using mindray machine SD6, made in china, with 5MHz curvilinear transducer. the frequency and percent of pregnant trimester, steatosis grade and family history were the frequency and percent for trimester was 2nd 29 patients and 3rd was 35 patients with percentage 45.3% and 54.7% respectively. For steatosis grade was two grade mild with 60 patients 93.8% and moderate 4 with 6.3%. and the family history with negative history 24 patients 37.5% and positive 40 patients with 62.5% among all patients.......

Keywords – fetal growth, pregnant patients, maternal liver steatosis, nondiabetic.

[1]. Joshi D, James A, Quaglia A, Westbrook RH, Heneghan MA. Liver disease inpregnancy. Lancet 2010; 375:594–605.
[2]. Westbrook RH, Yeoman AD, Joshi D, Heaton ND, Quaglia A, O'Grady JG, et al.Outcomes of severe pregnancy-related liver disease: refining the role oftransplantation. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:2520–2526.
[3]. Pereira SP, O'Donohue J, Wendon J, Williams R. Maternal and perinataloutcome in severe pregnancy-related liver disease. Hepatology1997; 26:1258–1262.
[4]. Sheehan HL. The pathology of acute yellow atrophy and delayed chloroform poisoning. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp1940; 47:49-62.
[5]. Ainge, H., Thompson, C., Ozanne, S. E. & Rooney, K. B. A systematic review on animal models of maternal high fat feeding andoffspring glycaemic control. Int J Obes (Lond) 35, 325–335, doi: 10.1038/ijo.2010.149 (2011).