IOSR-JAP   Volume-13 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. – Apr. 2021

ABSTRACT: The energy spectra of galactic cosmic ray nuclei of boron, carbon, and oxygen in the energy range of 1 GeV–100 GeV using a theoretical approach is presented. This was achieved using the anisotropic force field model, which is an approximate solution to the Parker transport equation. The anisotropic force field model is based on the assumption that, the complex processes occurring continuously in the Heliosphere are dominated by mainly diffusion due to fluctuation in the heliospheric magnetic field and convection due to the radially expanding solar wind. Solving the parker cosmic ray transport equation under reasonable assumptions yielded a first order partial differential......

[1]. National Research Council (U. S.) Technical Evaluation of the NASA Model for Cancer Risk to Astronauts Due to Space Radiation (NASA Model for Cancer Risk to Astronauts Due to Space Radiation). National Academies Press. 2012.
[2]. Wiedenbeck, M., Davis, A., Leske, R., Binns, W., Cohen, C., Cummings, A., Nolfo, G., Israel, M., Labrador, A., Mewaldt, R., Scott, L., Stone, E. and Von Rosenvinge, T.The Level of Solar Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays from 1997 to 2005 as Derived from ACE Measurements of Elemental Energy Spectra. Proceedings of the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC). 2005;2,277-280.
[3]. Messenger, G. The effects of radiation on electronic systems. 2nd Ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 1992.
[4]. Herbst, K., Muscheler, R. and Heber, B. The new local interstellar spectra and their influence on the production rates of the cosmogenic radionuclides 10 Be and 14 C. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2017;122(1):23-34.
[5]. Siingh, D. and Singh, R. The role of cosmic rays in the Earth's atmospheric processes. Pramana. 2010;74(1):153-168.

ABSTRACT: Depending on the field of application, modeling and a model, has different meanings. Generally, modeling deals with mathematical representation. Mathematical models can take multiple forms like statistical models, dynamic models, differential equation game models etc. Simulation is analogous to modeling but different in meanings based on the context and the application in which it is used. Based on application, it can deal with so many forms. Computer simulation or computational modeling attempts to simulate or imitate an abstract model of a particular system or device. Computer simulations integrated with mathematical modeling predict/estimate behavior of complex systems. In modeling & Simulation, the model is first developed.

Keywords: Modeling, Simulation, Thickness, Deformation, Sensing

[1]. ISO 17025:2017E – General requirements for the competence of testing and Calibration laboratories, 3rd Edition, 2017.
[2]. Recommended Practices for Measurement of Gas Path Pressures and Temperatures for Performance Assessment of Aircraft Turbine Engines and Components AGARD-Ar-245, North Atlantic Treaty Organization Advisory Group for Aerospace Research And Development (Organisation Du Traite De Latlantique Nord) edited by H.I.H.Saravanamuttoo. Report of the Propulsion and Energetics Panel Working Group 19This Advisory Report was prepared at the request of the" Propulsion and Energetics Panel of AGARD.
[3]. MIL-STD-5007E,Accuracy Requirements for Aero Engine Testing
[4]. Guide to thermocouple and resistance thermometry, TC, Issue 6.0, with ref to International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90), Issue 6, 2006
[5]. Manual of temp calibrator (Sodium heat pipe furnace), 2004

ABSTRACT: Radiological assessment of groundwater samples from selected wells within the Osun State Polytechnic environment in Iree, Osun State of Nigeria was carried out. The activity concentration of 40K, 238U and 232Th in the groundwater samples taken from the study area were measured to assess the level of radionuclide content. Measurements were carried out using NaI(Tl) and the results obtained were used to estimate radiological health effects on the dwellers of the area. The values of the mean activity concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th are 8.74±0.64, 3.50±0.85, and 1.55±0.18Bq/L, respectively. The radiological parameters- radium equivalent, absorbed dose rate, annual.....

Key words: Activity Concentration, Radionuclides, Gamma Ray Spectrometry, Radiological Parameter, Groundwater

[1]. Abbady, A.G.E., Uosif, M.A.M. and EL-Taher, A. (2005). Natural radioactivity and dose assessment for phosphate rocks from Wadi El-Mashash and El-Mahamid Mines, Egypt. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 84(1): 65-78.
[2]. Adegunwa, A.O.,Awojide, S.H. and Ore, O.T. (2019). Investigation of Radionuclide Levels in Groundwater Around Transmission Company of Nigeria for Environmental Impact Assessment. Journal of Nuclear Science, vol. 4(4): 66 – 71. doi: 10.11648/j.ns.20190404.15.
[3]. Ajayi, O.S. and Adesida, G. (2009). Radioactivity in some sachet drinking water samples produced in Nigeria. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 7 (3): 151-158.
[4]. Akerblom, G. and Lindgren J., (1997).Mapping of groundwater radon potential. IAEA-TECDOC-980, pp: 237-255.
[5]. Al-Alawy I. T., Mohammed R. S., Fadhil H. R. and Hasan A. A. (2018). Determination of Radioactivity Levels, Hazard, Cancer Risk and Radon Concentrations of Water and Sediment Samples in Al-Husseiniya River (Karbala, Iraq) Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1032: 1 – 19 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1032/1/012012

ABSTRACT: Electric propulsion is a technology which has the potential to achieve success in deep space interstellar travel as well as space tourism. Electric propulsion is the new age technology, emerging into a more practical concept and enabling us to foster new capabilities and achievements for space missions. The first phase of electric propulsion i.e. the history accounts from the first electric propulsion demonstration of Ion propulsion in SERT-1, 1964 to the NSTAR thruster which has 16,246 hours of operation and the successful missions to which electric propulsion was associated. The purity of the concept is embedded in the understanding of fundamentals and principles i.e. rocket acceleration ∝ discharge of propellant mass, its equation of motion follows directly from conservation of the total momentum of the spacecraft and its exhaust stream matching the propeller.....

Key words: Electric propulsion; Space propulsion; Electrostatic; Electrothermal; Electromagnetic; Thrusters.

[1]. R.L. Sackheim and G. W. Howell, Trends in propulsion systems for geosynchronous satellites. 14th International symposium on space technology and science. (Edited by M. Nagatomo). AGNE, Tokyo (1984).
[2]. D.C. Byers and R. A.Wasel, The NASA electric propulsion program. NASA TM-89856. AIAA Paper 87-1098 (1987).
[3]. Jaisal Chauhan and Dr Ugur Guven, Electrical Aspects of the Rocket Ion Propulsion. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 10, October-2016.
[4]. M. Patterson J. Sovey V. Rawlin. "A synopsis of Ion Propulsion Development Projects in the United States: SERT I to Deep Space I".
In: 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, AIAA June 1999, pp. 99-2270
[5]. C. Kelly Douglas and A Grise. "On-Orbit Stationkeeping With Ion Thrusters Telesat Canada's BSS-702 Experience". In: Space Ops Conference. May 2004, pp. 301–506.

ABSTRACT: Glass of the system: (40-x)P2O5:10PbO:10Li2O:10K2O:10Nb2O5:20B2O3:xSm2O3. (where x=1, 1.5,2 mol %) have been prepared by melt-quenching method (where x=1,1.5,2 mol%) have been prepared by melt-quenching technique. The amorphous nature of the prepared glass samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Optical absorption,Excitation, fluorescence and Raman spectra have been recorded at roomtemperature for all glass samples. The various interaction parameters likeSlater-Condonparameters Fk (k=2,4,6),Lande′parameters (ξ4f),nephelauexetic ratio(β'),bondingparameters (b1/2)and Racah parametersEk(k=1,2 3) have been computed.Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters and laser parameters have also been calculated.

Key words: LLPNBPGlasses,Thermal Properties,Optical properties,Raman analysis.

[1]. Areej, S.,Alqarni,S.,Hussin,R.,Alamri,S.N. andGhoshal,S.K. (2020).Tailored structures and dielectric traits of holmium ion-doped zinc-sulpho-boro-phosphate glass ceramics, Ceremics International 46(3), 3282-3291.
[2]. Reddy, M. S.,Uchil, J.andReddy, C. N. (2014).Thermal and Optical properties of Sodium-Phospho- Zinc-Neodymium oxide glass system, J. of Adv. Sci. Research, 5(2), 32-39.
[3]. Raja, J., Amjad, M.R. and Dousti, M.R. (2015).Spectroscopic investigation and Judd–Ofeltanalysis of silver nanoparticles embedded Er3+-doped tellurite glass, Curr. Appl.Phys. 15, 1–7.
[4]. Noorazlan, A. M., Kamari, H. M.,Zulkefly, S. S.andMohamad, D.W. (2013).Effect of erbium nanoparticles on optical properties of zincborotellurite glass system, J. Nanomater, 1–8.
[5]. Jianberi,Q.I.U.,Qing,J.I.A.Q.,Dacheng, Z.H.O.U. andZhengwen,Y.A.N.G.(2016). Recent progress on up conversion enhancement in rare earth doped transparent glass ceramics, Journal of Rare Earths 34(4), 341-367.

ABSTRACT: YBCO is a family of crystalline chemical compounds famous for displaying hight-temperature superconductivity And synthesized YBCO superconductor by using solid åstate reaction in order to study structural, optical and electrical properties of pure Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) and when dopping with Aluminium oxide AL2O3. The optical properties for pureYBa2Cu3O7 and YBa2Cu3O7 whichdopped with AL2O3was studied by using ultraviolet-visibleSpectrophotometry (UV/VIS),the transmittance and absorbance spectra were recorded include the wavelength range of (200-800)nm, the results showed thatTransmittance decreases with the increasing in the wavelength between (200- 300) nm, and then remains constant with increasing the wavelength, and absorbance increased with.....

Keywords: YBCO, Conductivity, Optical energy Gap

[1]. Roland Hott, Reinhold Kleiner, Thomas Wolf& Gertrud Zwicknagl, (2004), SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS – A TOPICAL
OVERVIEW, A. Narlikar (Ed.),"Frontiers in Superconducting Materials",Verlag Berlin.
[2]. AdirMoysesLuiz, (2010), Superconductor, JanezaTrdine, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia, ISBN 978-953-307-107-7 (chap3).
[3]. Hiroshi Kamimura, Hideki Ushio, ShunichiMatsuno, Tsuyoshi Hamada,(2005),Theory of Copper Oxide Superconductors, Berlin
Heidelberg New York, 10 3-540-25189-8.
[4]. NikolayPlakida,(2005),Theory of copper oxide superconductors,Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Germany, 978-3-642-12632-1.
[5]. P.J. (Peter John), (2004), The rise of the superconductors, Springer Printed in the United States of America, 0-7484-0772-315.

ABSTRACT: Lanthanide (III) complexes of the type [Ln(DMHpHB)2NO3] where Ln = La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Gd3+, Tb3+ and Dy3+, have been synthesized and characterized by various physico-chemical techniques, magnetic moments, electronic, FT(IR) and PMR spectral investigations. The studies revealed that the ligand behaves a monobasic acid in spite of two probable dissociable protons being present in it viz. the oximino proton and the phenolic proton. The nature of this monobasic character is studied. The metal complexes show that the most stable species in the ML3 complex.

Keywords: Lanthanide (III) complexes, magnetic moments, electronic, FT(IR) and PMR spectra

[1]. Arora K and Sharma K P; Synth. React. Inorg Met Org Chem.; 2002, 32(5), 913.
[2]. Sharma K P, Jolly V S and Pathak P; Ultra Science; 1998, 10(2), 263.
[3]. Kishor Arora and Kiran Burman; J Saudi Chem Soc.; 2007, 11(3), 445.
[4]. Chakravartrhi I, Ray H C, Goel N and Hashmi N M; Asian J Chem.; 2002, 14, 143.
[5]. Agarwal R K and Himanshu Agarwal; Synth React Inorg Met Org Chem.; 2001, 31, 263.

ABSTRACT: The principle of nondecreasing entropy in unclosed system, which is one of the formulations of much-talked-about second law of thermodynamics, can be violated. It turns out that the entropy of a quantum system can decrease with time. Perhaps that is why the strength of the dark current in a liquid in contact with two unequal aluminum electrodes depends on the ambient temperature. The environment simultaneously affects two sources of dark current. Chemical reactions between aluminum and distilled water are not involved in the formation of the dark current..

Keywords: Voltage, Electric current, Water, Aluminum, Simultaneous measurements, Correlation, Time dependence of voltage, Violation.

[1]. Backingham, M.J. Noise in Electronic Devices and System, New York: Wiley, 1983.
[2]. Gerasimov S.A.: Photoeffect and heat component of electric current in liquid. Engineering Physics, 4(4), 23-26 (2013).
[3]. Gerasimov, S.A. Electromotive Force and Internal Resistance of Dark Electric Current in Liquid. IOSR Journal of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, 15(3), 50-55 (2020).
[4]. Affard, P. Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, Oxford: University Press, 2002.
[5]. Capek V., Bok J. Violation of the second law of thermodynamics in quantum microworld. Physica A 290, 379-401 (2001).
[6]. Gerasimov S.A. Time and Temperature Variations of Dark Electric Current in Liquid. American Journal of Engineering Research.
9(11), 19-23 (2020)..

ABSTRACT: The fine-structure constant denoted by α is a dimensionless number and very nearly equal to 1/137. This number actually represents the probability that an electron will absorb a photon. Also it is the ratio of the velocity of the electron in the first circular orbit of the Bohr model of the atom, to the speed of light in vacuum. This is Sommerfeld's original physical interpretation α= ve/c. For reasons of convenience, historically the value of the reciprocalof the fine-structure constant (1/α) is often specified. The 2018 CODATA recommended value is given byα−1 = 137.035999084[1]. Itis a fundamental physical constant which quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. It is a dimensionless quantity related to the elementary charge e, which denotes the strength of the coupling of an elementary charged particle with the electromagnetic field, by the formula 4πε0ħcα = e2This paper addresses some issues regarding this constant.

[1]. Mohr, P. J.; Taylor, B. N.; Newell, D. B. (2019). "Fine structure constant". CODATA Internationally recommended 2018 values of the fundamental physical constants. National Institute of Standards and Technology
[2]. Nafish Sarwar Islam, "Mathematical Sanctity of the Golden Ratio"; IOSR Journal of Mathematics (IOSR-JM), e-ISSN: 2278-5728, p-ISSN: 2319-765X. Volume 15, Issue 5 Ser. II (September – October 2019), PP 57-65.
[3]. Nafish Sarwar Islam, "The Golden Ratio: Fundamental Constant of Nature"; Publication date 04 Nov 2019 Publisher LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN10 6139889618, ISBN13 9786139889617
[4]. Nafish Sarwar Islam, "Preface to cosmological constant"; IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), e-ISSN: 2278-4861, Volume 12, Issue 1 Ser. II (January – February 2020), PP 01-24.
[5]. Nafish Sarwar Islam, "The Golden Ratio"; IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), e-ISSN: 2278-4861, Volume 12, Issue 2 Ser. II (March – April 2020), PP 36-57.

ABSTRACT: The main object of this paper is to study the dielectric and thermal behavior of polyurethane/organoclay nanocomposites. Modification of Egyptian Bentonite (EB) was carried out using an organo-modifier namely; octadecyl amine (ODA). Polyurethane nanocomposites were synthesized with organically modified EB (Organo Bentonites OB) by in situ polymerization and compositions were prepared by a casting process. The morphology of the OB dispersion in polyurethane nanocomposites was investigated by transmission electron microscopy TEM. A thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) was used to investigate the decomposition behavior and thermal stability of the cured nanocomposites. The thermal stability of the PNC films was significantly increased with the OB content........

Keywords: Bentonite, Dielectric properties, Nanocomposites, Organo-clay, Polyurethane, TEM, TGA

[1] Abulyazied DE, Abomostafa HM. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 2020: 1–12.
[2] Abomostafa HM, Abulyazied DE. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 2021: 1–13.
[3] Abulyazied DE, Abomostafa HM. J. Compos. Mater. 2021: 00219983211000434.
[4] Maji P, Choudhary RB. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2017; 193: 391–400.
[5] Adak B, Butola BS, Joshi M. Appl. Clay Sci. 2018; 161: 343–353.