IOSR-JAP   Volume-15 ~ Issue-3 ~ May – June 2023

ABSTRACT: Co-precipitation is used to create cubic spinel manganese ferrite nanostructures that are both undoped and......

[1]. Subramanian A P, Jaganathan S K, Manikandan A, Pandiaraj K N, N G and Supriyanto E 2016 Recent trends in nano-based drug delivery systems for efficient delivery of phytochemicals in chemotherapy RSC Adv. 6 48294–314
[2]. Almessiere M A, Slimani Y, Güngüneş H, Ali S, Manikandan A, Ercan I, Baykal A and Trukhanov A V 2019 Magnetic Attributes of NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles: Influence of Dysprosium Ions (Dy3+) Substitution Nanomaterials 9 820
[3]. Vellayappan M V, Jaganathan S K and Manikandan A 2016 Nanomaterials as a game changer in the management and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers RSC Adv. 6 114859–78
[4]. Douglas F J, MacLaren D A, Maclean N, Andreu I, Kettles F J, Tuna F, Berry C C, Castro M and Murrie M 2016 Gadolinium-doped magnetite nanoparticles from a single-source precursor RSC Adv. 6 74500–5
[5]. Wang W, Ding Z, Zhao X, Wu S, Li F, Yue M and Liu J P 2015 Microstructure and magnetic properties of MFe 2 O 4 (M = Co, Ni, and Mn) ferrite nanocrystals prepared using colloid mill and hydrothermal method Journal of Applied Physics 117 17A328.

ABSTRACT: We investigated the influence of Ag doping on TiO2 thin films. The Undoped TiO2 and 0.05 M Ag-doped TiO2 Films were synthesized by Field Assisted Spray Pyrolysis Technique, deposited at 250⁰C. The films were characterized by Ultraviolet – Visible light Spectroscopy (UV-Vis Spectroscopy). The results from.The Undoped TiO2 exhibited low absorbance within the visible spectrum but increases when doped with 0.05 M Ag ion concentration. Within the visible region, the result showed transmittance around 36-87 while the result of refractive index showed that the films have sharp increase in the wavelength of 390 nm to 400 nm and then the curve decreased slowly with further increase in the wavelength. Absorption coefficient increased as TiO2 was doped with Ag Also, Extinction coefficient increased within the visible region as we doped. The direct band-gap for films ranged from 4.70eV- 3.00eV while the indirect band-gap for films ranged between 4.60eV and 2.30eV. Doped film showed narrowed band-gap.

Keywords: Ag doped TiO2, Spray Pyrolysis, Optical Properties, Heterogeneous Photocatalysis

[1]. Agnieszka Hreniak, Andrzej Sikora, Agnieszka Iwan. Influence of Amount of Silver on the Structural and Optical Properties of TiO2 Powder Obtained by Sol-Gel Method.International Journal of Materials and Chemistry 2014: 4(2),15-26 DOI:
10.5923/j.ijmc.20140402.01.
[2]. Janitabar-DarziS., and Mahjoub.A. R., and Bayat, A.Synthesis and Characterization of visible light active S-doped
TiO2Nanophotocatalyst, International Journal ofNano Dimensions., 2016: 7(1), 33-40.
[3]. Asiri A. M., Al-Amoudi M. S.,Bazaid S. A., Adam A. A., Alamry K. A.., and Anandan S. Enhanced visible light photodegradation of water pollutants over N-, S-doped titanium dioxide and n-titanium dioxide in the presence of inorganic anions. Journal Saudi.
Chemical Society. 2014: 18, 155-163.
[4]. Janitabar-Darzi, S., Mahjoub,A. R., and Nilchi,A. Investigation of Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic properties of mesoporous TiO2 thin film synthesized by sol-gel templating technique. Journal of Physical Environs. 2009: 42,176 – 181.
[5]. Guimarães J, Abbate M, Betim S, Alves M.Preparation and characterization of TiO2 and V2O5 nanoparticles produced by Ballmilling.Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2003;352:16–20.

ABSTRACT: J. J. Thomson was the first to discover electron and observed that all the materials comprises a common constituent particle – the electron. He was the first who gives us structure of atom. After him many physicists come forwards with their new ideas and put light on the structure of atom among which Rutherford's atomic model, Neil Bohr's and Sommerfeld's atomic model was taken under consideration. Moreover, In this particular paper we will summarise the concepts of various physicists and to get a new atomic model called vector atomic model. We also put light on the space quantisation part of atomic model.

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ABSTRACT: Yangton and Yington Theory is a hypothetical theory that can be used to explain the formations, structures and phenomena of the universe based on the building blocks of the universe, "Wu's Pair", a superfine Yangton and Yington Antimatter particle pair with inter-attractive Force of Creation circulating against each other on an orbit. Yangton and Yington Theory can bridge two major but conflicting subjects Quantum Field Theory and General Relativity in modern physics. It explains and correlates almost everything in the universe, including space, time, energy and matter, as well as those objects and events from subatomic particles all the way to the boundary of the universe. So far 57 papers including 6 reviews with 7 equations and 38 theories have been published. In this paper......

Keywords: Subatomic Particles, Standard Model, Wu's Pairs, Yangton and Yington Theory, Wu's Spacetime, Wu's Spacetime Equation, Wu's Spacetime Field Equation, Wu's Spacetime Shrinkage, Wu's Spacetime Transformation, Quantum Field Theory, Unified Field Theory, String Theory, Special Relativity, General Relativity, Time Dilation, Einstein's Spacetime, Einstein's Field Equation, Gravitational Flux, Gravitational Field, Equation of Light Speed, Cosmological Redshift, Gravitational Redshift, Universe Expansion, Quantum Entanglement, Quantum Superposition

[1]. Edward T. H. Wu" Five Principles of The Universe and the Correlations of Wu's Pairs and Force of Creation to String Theory and Unified Field Theory." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), vol. 10, no. 4, 2018, pp. 17-21.
[2]. Edward T. H. Wu, "Yangton and Yington–A Hypothetical Theory of Everything", Science Journal of Physics, Volume 2015, Article ID sjp-242, 6 Pages, 2015, doi: 10.7237/sjp/242.
[3]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Subatomic Particle Structures and Unified Field Theory Based on Yangton and Yington Hypothetical Theory". American Journal of Modern Physics. Vol. 4, No. 4, 2015, pp. 165-171. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp. 20150404.13. [4]. Edward T. H. Wu "Standard Model and Quantum Field Theory versus Wu's Pairs and Yangton and Yington Theory." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), vol. 10, no. 4, 2018, pp. 50-56.
[5]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Quantum Field versus Gravitational Field and Electrical Field and QuantumField Theory Based on Yangton and Yington Theory." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), 15(2), 2023, pp. 01-10.

ABSTRACT: In this paper, a solar collector design model is developed based on some previous works published in the literature. Simplifying assumptions are made to simulate the behavior of the air flow at the inlet on the outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid as a function of the glass-absorber gap and to choose the best gap for our sensor model. The thermo-physical coefficients of the sensor elements are taken from the literature. The numerical simulation results show that the model can be used to improve the operation of convective solar dryers. For this, the choice of the gap which gives the best performance is D=0.01m on a surface of 6m2 whose width is l=1.1m and length L=5.44m. We noted that the......

Keywords: Solar collector; Air flow; heat transfer fluid; convective solar dryers; solar irradiation.

[1]. Said, Tebbane Ahmed Laraba, Design and construction of a solar dryer using an aerovoltaic system for drying food products,
MOHAMEDBOUDIAF-M'SILA UNIVERSITY, 2022
[2]. https://www.rapport-gratuit.com/modelisation-mathematique-des-sechoirs-solaires/ ; visited on 01/11/2023
[3]. Benlahmidi Said, Study of convective drying by solar energy products red, PhD Thesis, University Mohamed Khider-Biskra, 2013.
[4]. S.El Mokretar , R.Miri , and M.Belhamel , Energy balance and mass Study of a greenhouse type of dryer for drying applications Food
products, Development Center Of Review Of Renewable Energy.Vol.7 (2004) pp. 41-48.
[5]. Boubeghal , M. Benhammou , B. Omari S. Amara L. Amer , H. Moungar and S. Ouejdi , Numerical study of a solar dryer running in
natural convection Journal of Renewable Energies ICRESD-07 Tlemcen (2007) 315 - 320.

ABSTRACT: All type of radiological substances is harmful for living objects, especially for human beings. Modern science is producing a number of radioisotopes and applying them for the diagnosis or treatment the patients in worldwide in nuclear medicine. In Bangladesh there are one National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and 16 Nuclear Medicine Centers. Thousands of patients are being given treatment and diagnosis every working day. The concern doctors and medical technologists are providing services using appropriate doses of isotopes like 131I, 90mTc etc. Maximum people don't have enough knowledge on radionuclides/isotopes, radioactivity and their cell damaging capabilities. Even, the concern medical technologists and the patients are not given proper instructions & protections to save them......

Keywords: HPGe, MCA, NINMAS, Radiation, Shielding, Gamma, Efficiency, Calibration.

[1]. Abbas, K., et al. (2002). "Reliability of two calculation codes for efficiency calibrations of HPGe detectors." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 56(5): 703-709.
[2]. Abedin, M. J., et al. (2013). "Characterisation of PIXE facilities at the 3 MV VDG Accelerator Laboratory of Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka." Jaharginagar University Journal of Science 36(2): 37-48.
[3]. Abedin, M. J., et al. (2015). "HEAVY METAL TOXICITY IN FISHES OF POLLUTED LAKES OF DHAKA CITYAND ITS IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH." European Scientific Journal 11(33).
[4]. Abedin, M. J., et al. (2021). "Characterization of 226 Ra Point Source and Analysis Its Daughter Radionuclides."
[5]. Abt, I., et al. (2007). "Characterization of the first true coaxial 18-fold segmented n-type prototype HPGe detector for the GERDA project." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 577(3): 574-584.

ABSTRACT: A geophysical survey involving ten (10) vertical electrical soundings (VES) employing Schlumberger array method was carried out at Makurdi, Benue State Capital, using Dar Zarrouk Parameters with the aid of TPZ-02 resistivity meter for data acquisition. The results show that the area is characterized by 4–5 geoelectric subsurface layers, namely, topsoil, lateritic clay, weathered layer, fractured unit and fresh basement. The determined aquifer thickness ranges from 6 m (VES 8: Kanshio Makurdi) to 69 m (VES 5: New Kanshio Layout, Makurdi), with an average value of 36.7 m and the aquifer resistivity ranges from 7 𝛺𝑚 (VES 8: Kanshio1 Makurdi) to 378 𝛺𝑚 (VES 10: Kanshio2 Makurdi) with an average of 133.8 Ωm.........

Keywords: Aquifer thickness, Aquifer resistivity, Dar Zarrouk parameters, Ground water, geoelectric subsurface layers

[1]. Abdullahi, M. and Upendra, K.S. (2018). Identification of concealed Pb – Zn deposits from high Resolution aeromagnetic data of the lower Trough, Nigeria-west Africa. International Research Journal of Geology and Mining. 13(1):2-4.
[2]. Bashir IY, Izham MY, Main R (2014). Vertical electric sounding investigation of aquifer composition and its potential to yield groundwater in some selected towns in Bida Basin of North Central Nigeria. J. Geogr. Geol. 6(1):60-69.
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[4]. Daniel N. O, Adeolu E. A and Johnson C. Ibuot (2015). Investigation of groundwater flow potential in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria, using surficial electrical resistivity method. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.9(9):723-733
[5]. Davison JP, Reed W.E, Davis PM (1997). Exploring the Earth. New Jersey: Simon and Schuster, Viacom.

ABSTRACT: The effect of climate change or climate variables such as temperature on post-harvest fruits cannot be overemphasized. Temperature particularly plays a crucial role in the post-harvest handling of fruits. Assessment of the effect of climate change on orange fruits can provide advice on storage conditions and help to improve the physiochemical and physical quality of orange fruits hence, improving its market value. This research was done to determine the effect of Climate change on post-harvest losses in citrus fruits. The studies were done on nine different orange species collected across various location in Benue State. Our result revealed that higher temperature led to increase in weight loss, moisture content and change in the physical properties of orange fruits.

Keywords: Climate change, post-harvest losses, temperature, moisture content, fruits

[1]. Abobatta., W.F., (2019). Nutritional Benefits of Citrus Fruits. Am J Biomed Sci & Res. 2019 – 3(4). AJBSR.MS.ID.000681
[2]. Ali Ghanbari, Mahsa Hamedani1, Vali Rabiei1, Hossein Moradi, and Mohammad Reza Azimi., (2012), Determination of storage duration and temperature effectson fruit quality parameters of blood orange (Citrus sinensis cv. Tarocco). Biharean Biologist 6 (1): pp.10-13
[3]. Avav, K. (2015). Potassium Management for optimizing citrus production and quality. International Journal of fruit Science.
[4]. Daniel Valero, Fariborz Habibi, Fabián Guillén, María Serrano (2021). Physicochemical Changes, Peel Colour, and Juice Attributes of Blood Orange Cultivars Stored at Different Temperatures. Journal Horticulture. [5]. de Carvalho L.M, Rangel C.N, Fonseca R.F, Soares A.G., (2011). Nutritional value of organic acid lime juice (Citrus latifolia T.) Cienc. Tecnol. Aliment., Campinas, 31(4): 918 – 922